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Author : Danielle Resnick and Regina Birner IFPRI Discussion Paper No. 844 2008
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Nancy McCarthy, Yan Sun
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
"Using survey data from the Upper East region of Ghana collected in 2005, the paper evaluates the household- and community-level factors influencing women's and men's decisions to participate in off-farm activities, either in the off-farm labor market or in local community groups, and the relationship with on-farm crop returns. Results indicate that crop returns are not affected by increased labor availability over a certain labor-land ratio. Female participation in off-farm labor markets increases at higher levels of labor availability, but participation in women's groups' only increases as labor scarcity is relaxed at lower levels. Alternatively, male participation in off-farm work increases over all levels of labor availability. Results also indicate that male labor is relatively more productive on-farm versus off-farm than female labor, and, though education increases the likelihood that both women and men will work off-farm (with no impact on crop revenues), the impact is greater for women. Finally, participation in off-farm work does not appear to be driven by the need to reduce exposure to risk or to manage risk ex post; wealthier households located in wealthier communities are more likely to participate in off-farm work. Evidence for participation in groups and risk is more complicated; wealthier households in wealthier communities are also more likely to participate, but so too are female-headed households with higher dependency ratios."--Authors' abstract.
Author : K. Hanson,C. D'Alessandro,F. Owusu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2014-09-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781137365613
The authors investigate well-known concerns in natural resource management in Africa while focusing on the capacity dimension of the problems. They examine dynamics of leadership, governance, criminality, structural transformation, as well as emerging issues such as green growth.
Author : James Thurlow, Gavin George, and Jeff Gow
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Guyslain K. Ngeleza, Andrew Muhammad
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
"This paper uses a computable general equilibrium approach to simulate two opposing views describing regional trade agreements either as building blocks for or stumbling blocks to multilateral trade liberalization. This study focuses on the free trade agreement (FTA) between the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) and the European Union (EU). Results show that although a regional trade agreement may slightly raise welfare among the members of the agreement, the cost to nonmembers can be high. In this paper we argue that multilateral liberalization and a regional free trade agreement between the EU and CEMAC are not mutually exclusive. Regional trade agreements should be complementary and consistent with a multilateral agreement, not an attempt to replace it. The regional breakdown in our design considers 14 regions, allowing for country-specific analysis for one least-developed country (Democratic Republic of Congo) and one non-least-developed country (Cameroon). Multilateral liberalization amplifies welfare gain for Cameroon. The Democratic Republic of Congo, with its weaker institutional capacity, is affected negatively. An EU-CEMAC FTA without multilateralism produces gains for both Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The gain for Cameroon is, however, moderate compared with that achieved when the EU-CEMAC FTA is accompanied with a multilateral agreement."--Authors' abstract.
Author : Michael Byron Nelson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781107140196
This book examines the strategic implications of fragmented global governance by institutions for African states and their coalitions.
Author : Carly K. Petracco, John Pender
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
"The theorized impact of land tenure and titling on access to credit has produced mixed results in the empirical literature. Land tenure and titling is hypothesized to increase access to credit because of the enhanced land security provided and the newfound ability to use land as collateral. Using land as collateral and obtaining access to credit are paramount concerns in Uganda and in all of Africa, as greater emphasis is placed on the need to modernize the agricultural system. This paper uses a new approach in evaluating whether land tenure and titling have an impact on access to credit for rural households in Uganda. The new approach includes comparisons across four categories: (1) households who have customary land with versus without a customary certificate, (2) households who have freehold land with versus without a title, (3) households with a title or certificate having freehold versus customary tenure, and (4) households without a title or certificate having freehold versus customary tenure. Each comparison is then evaluated for the impact on access to any form of credit, formal credit, and informal credit. This analysis allows for an in-depth look into which element, tenure or title, is impacting access to credit and to which type of credit, formal or informal. To conduct this analysis, matching techniques are used, including propensity score matching and the Abadie and Imbens matching method. These two methods contain both strengths and weaknesses that allow the results to support to one another. The only significant finding of the matching was a positive impact on access to credit of freehold without title over customary without certificate. Results imply that tenure, not title, impacts credit access for rural households in Uganda."--Authors' abstract.
Author : Afua Branoah Banful
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
"Analyses of how coveted central-government resources in Africa are shared have shown widespread patronage, ethnic cronyism, and pork-barrel politics. While some governments have attempted to rectify the situation by establishing revenue-sharing formulas, a key unanswered question is whether such institutions are able to achieve this goal. This paper presents an empirical investigation of a pioneering formula-based system of resource allocation from the central government to local governments in Ghana--the District Assemblies Common Fund (DACF). The evidence is consistent with governments being able to politically manipulate resource allocation within the confines of the formula-based system. Nevertheless, this does not suggest that the DACF completely fails to limit political influence. It indicates that other guiding structures of a formula-based system--in particular, how and when the formula can be altered--are important determinants of how well a program such as the DACF is able to resist political pressures."--Authors' abstract.
Author : Chenggang Xu, Xiaobo Zhang
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
"Township-village enterprises (TVEs) were a major engine of China's rapid rural industrialization in the past three decades. TVEs also played a key role in fostering entrepreneurship and served as a major stepping-stone for institutional changes when legal protections of private property rights were not in place and the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) were slow to react to changing market demand. As private ownership was gradually recognized legally, TVEs lost their edge in competing with private firms. In the past two decades, industrial clusters with a concentration of private entrepreneurial firms coordinated by local governments have emerged rapidly in many areas. The structures of such firms as TVEs and the subsequent clustering modes of production are an outcome of interaction with other local and macro environments. As the environment changes, a firm's organization and organizational structure may change as well."--Authors' abstract.
Author : David J. Spielman, Dawit Kelemework
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Thaddee Badibanga, Xinshen Diao, Terry Roe, Agapi Somwaru
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2024-07-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Eduardo Magalhaes, Xinshen Diao
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2024-07-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Valerie Mueller, Abusaleh Shariff
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
"Migration can serve as an outlet for employment, higher earnings, and reduced income risk for households in developing countries. We use the 2004-2005 Human Development Profile of India survey to examine correlations between the receipt of remittances from internal migrants and human capital investment in rural areas. We employ a propensity score-matching approach to account for the selectivity of households into receiving remittances. We interpret the results conservatively due to the cross-sectional nature of the data. We find a positive correlation between remittances received from internal migrants and the schooling attendance of teens. The magnitude of the correlation is greater when focusing on low-caste households, and male schooling attendance in particular becomes more positive and statistically significant. Our findings provide a basis for establishing future research in the areas of migration and social protection in India."--Authors' abstract.
Author : Paul Dorosh and James Thurlow
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
"Uganda has experienced rapid economic growth and poverty reduction over the past decade but has failed to significantly improve incomes in its northern regions where prolonged conflict has hindered growth. We consider three strategies to close this regional divide: (1) develop a north-south corridor to encourage regional trade, (2) accelerate growth in the southern capital city and encourage north-south migration, and (3) improve agricultural productivity in rural areas. We examine these strategies using a regionalized computable general equilibrium model, accounting for internal migration and productivity gains from urban agglomeration effects. Simulation results indicate that a north-south corridor benefits northern households, but its benefits are limited by the small size of northern urban centers and the low productivity of northern producers. Investing in the capital city accelerates economic growth but has little effect on other regions' welfare because of the city's weak growth linkages with other regions and small migration effects. Improving agricultural productivity, however, though less effective at stimulating national economic growth, generates broad-based welfare improvements in both rural and urban areas. We therefore conclude that without significant gains in agricultural productivity in the next decade, out-migration and urban-led growth centered in Kampala will be insufficient to significantly reduce poverty in northern Uganda."--Authors' abstract.
Author : Ragasa, Catherine,Comstock, Andrew
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2019-08-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
The Government of Malawi is in the process of developing its National Agricultural Extension Strategy. Two rounds of national household and community surveys (2016, 2018), coupled with in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, were implemented to provide research evidence supporting the Strategy’s development. This paper summarizes emerging trends from these surveys and monitors progress in extension services provision, players and actors in extension services provision, and evidence on the coverage and effectiveness of extension approaches. Positive trends include (1) improvements in the percentage of men and women farmers accessing extension services; (2) consistently high ratings in the perceived quality of extension services; (3) more diversity in extension messages, including more information regarding market access and nutrition; (4) greater use of cost-effective tools, such as radio programming and community or group meetings, as sources of agricultural information; and (5) greater crop diversification, although diversification outside of agriculture remains low. Four areas remain weak and need further improvements. First, information sharing among farmers, friends, and neighbors is frequent, and the coverage of those officially trained “lead farmers” (those trained specifically to promote technologies to other farmers) remains low, with only 7 percent of households reporting getting relevant advice from them. Second, while there are more “model villages” and “village agricultural committees” present, we see decreasing participation and ratings for these. Third, we observe greater awareness of promoted technologies, including conservation agriculture, pit planting, and sustainable land practices, but adoption remains very low. Fourth, we observe greater crop diversification, but farm productivity and commercialization remain low. Although we have investigated many dimensions and factors in this paper, there remain challenges and puzzles that could be further addressed in future research. These include constraints on the adoption of minimal expensive inputs and low-cost management practices, constraints on the role of intensive training and labor, and understanding the drivers and factors affecting commercialization and diversification.