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Agricultural Trade Liberalization and the Least Developed Countries by Niek Koning,Per Pinstrup-Andersen Pdf
Developing countries as a group stand to gain very substantially from trade reform in agricultural commodities. Agricultural Trade Liberalization and the Least Developed Countries is the first book to address important questions relating to this subject. The authors are world renowned experts on international trade and development and they address a very important and timely issue.
Agriculture and the WTO by Merlinda D. Ingco,John D. Nash Pdf
Annotation This comprehensive reference explores the key issues and options in agricultural trade liberalization from a developing country perspective. Throughout, the focus is on ensuring that the outcome of WTO negotiations contributes to growth in developing countries.
Implications of Agricultural Trade Liberalization for the Developing Countries by Antonio Salazar Pessôa Brandão,Will Martin Pdf
Global trade liberalization-- reducing both negative and positive protection in line with the Dunkel proposal-- would gain developing countries an estimated $60 billion a year.
WTO Negotiations and Agricultural Trade Liberalization by Eugenio Díaz-Bonilla,Søren Elkjær Frandsen,Sherman Robinson Pdf
Based on original research by the Food and Resource Economic Institute in Denmark and the International Food Policy Research Institute in Washington DC, this book addresses the controversial issue of the effects of developed countries' agricultural policies on developing countries. Written from the perspective of developing countries, it addresses the main issues raised by developing countries' governments, politicians, farmers organizations, NGO's, trade specialists and development specialists. It focuses on the key issues of food security, poverty, regional agreements, multifunctionality in agriculture and the trade of genetically modified products, as an input to policy reform within the World Trade Organization trade negotiations.
Author : Alex F. McCalla,John D. Nash Publisher : World Bank Publications Page : 274 pages File Size : 44,7 Mb Release : 2006-11-09 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 082136717X
Reforming Agricultural Trade for Developing Countries by Alex F. McCalla,John D. Nash Pdf
In the ongoing Doha Development Round of World Trade Organization negotiations, developing countries have had much greater leverage, due at least in part to their large and growing share of world trade. But will the increased influence of developing countries translate into a final agreement that is truly more development-friendly? What would be key ingredients in such a final outcome of the negotiations, and what would the developing countries really get out of it. This two volume set seeks to answer these questions. This volume (Volume 2) addresses the question of how a development-friendly outcome to the talks would affect developing countries by quantifying the impact of multilateral trade reform. It presents several different approaches to modeling the effects of the outcome of negotiations, and then investigates why these (and other) modeling efforts produce such divergent results. Volume 1 is issues-oriented. It takes up some key questions in the negotiations, setting the stage with a historical overview of the Doha Development Agenda to help identify issues of most significance to developing countries, and then explores select issues in greater depth. Aimed at policymakers and stakeholders, this two-volume effort puts into the public domain important analytical work that will improve the chance for a pro-development outcomes of the Doha round negotiations.
Trade Liberalization and Poverty in the Middle East and North Africa by Nicholas Minot Pdf
Agricultural trade liberalization has been resisted by many developing-country policymakers, including those in the Middle East and North Africa, for fear it could hurt domestic farmers and exacerbate poverty. The authors of Trade Liberalization and Poverty in the Middle East and North Africa argue, however, that this concern about liberalization might be misplaced. Drawing on case studies from Egypt, Morocco, Syria, and Tunisia, the study uses household survey data and computable general equilibrium models to simulate the effects of various liberalization scenarios on different types of households in these countries, especially poor households. The results indicate that agricultural trade barriers are not an effective means of protecting the poor and that the benefits from many forms of agricultural trade liberalization to the region's consumers outweigh the costs to producers. If complemented with other domestic programs-including agricultural research and extension, information services, disease control, and social safety nets-the reforms have the potential to reduce poverty in these nations. The study findings are a valuable resource for policymakers and development specialists evaluating the role trade liberalization can play in economic development and poverty reduction.
Author : M. R. Redclift,J. N. Lekakis,George P. Zanias Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA Page : 296 pages File Size : 49,7 Mb Release : 1999 Category : Agricultural price supports ISBN : UCSC:32106014941634
Agriculture and World Trade Liberalisation by M. R. Redclift,J. N. Lekakis,George P. Zanias Pdf
The impact of free trade on the environment and the employment of environmental policies as non-tariff protectionist policies are topics which are currently receiving a great deal of attention. Proponents of freer trade insist that, by leading to higher growth rates and per capita incomes, trade increases the demand for environmental quality and helps poor countries escape the poverty-generated pollution trap. The purpose of this book is to discuss the current and future issues surrounding agriculture and its relationship to trade, sustainability and the environment. It is based on selected papers from an international conference entitled "European Agriculture at the Crossroads: Competition and Sustainability" held in Crete in 1996, and further updated with the European Commission's Agenda 2000 in mind. Written by leading authorities from Europe and the USA, this book is essential reading for researchers and policy makers in agricultural economics, rural sociology, the environment and European studies
Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries by M. Ataman Aksoy,John C. Beghin Pdf
Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries presents research findings based on a series of commodity studies of significant economic importance to developing countries. The book sets the stage with background chapters and investigations of cross-cutting issues. It then describes trade and domestic policy regimes affecting agricultural and food markets, and assesses the resulting patterns of production and trade. The book continues with an analysis of product standards and costs of compliance and their effects on agricultural and food trade. The book also investigates the impact of preferences given to selected countries and their effectiveness, then reviews the evidence on the attempts to decouple agricultural support from agricultural output. The last background chapter explores the robustness of the global gains of multilateral agricultural and food trade liberalization. Given this context, the book presents detailed commodity studies for coffee, cotton, dairy, fruits and vegetables, groundnuts, rice, seafood products, sugar, and wheat. These markets feature distorted policy regimes among industrial or middle-income countries. The studies analyze current policy regimes in key producing and consuming countries, document the magnitude of these distortions and estimate the distributional impacts - winners and losers - of trade and domestic policy reforms. By bringing the key issues and findings together in one place, Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries aids policy makers and researchers, both in their approach to global negotiations and in evaluating their domestic policies on agriculture. The book also complements the recently published Agriculture and the WTO, which focuses primarily on the agricultural issues within the context of the WTO negotiations.
Agriculture and Trade Liberalisation by Anonim Pdf
This report provides information on the average tariff levels and on the use of tariff-rate quotas, export subsidies and export credits by selected OECD countries for temperate-zone agricultural products. The implications of further liberalisation ...
Distributional Effects of WTO Agricultural Reforms in Rich and Poor Countries by Roman Keeney,L. Alan Winters Pdf
Abstract: Rich countries' agricultural trade policies are the battleground on which the future of the WTO's troubled Doha Round will be determined. Subject to widespread criticism, they nonetheless appear to be almost immune to serious reform, and one of their most common defenses is that they protect poor farmers. The authors' findings reject this claim. The analysis uses detailed data on farm incomes to show that major commodity programs are highly regressive in the United States, and that the only serious losses under trade reform are among large, wealthy farmers in a few heavily protected subsectors. In contrast, analysis using household data from 15 developing countries indicates that reforming rich countries' agricultural trade policies would lift large numbers of developing country farm households out of poverty. In the majority of cases these gains are not outweighed by the poverty-increasing effects of higher food prices among other households. Agricultural reforms that appear feasible, even under an ambitious Doha Round, achieve only a fraction of the benefits for developing countries that full liberalization promises, but protect U.S. large farms from most of the rigors of adjustment. Finally, the analysis indicates that maximal trade-led poverty reductions occur when developing countries participate more fully in agricultural trade liberalization.
WTO, Agriculture, and Developing Countries by Michiel Keyzer,Max Merbis,Geert Overbosch Pdf
The 3rd Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) at Seattle was not able to launch a new and comprehensive round of multilateral trade negotiations, but it is expected that in the coming years the WTO will be the forum of these negotiations, commonly referred to as the Millenium Round. Developing countries are currently greatly involved in the WTO process and seek active participation in this round. In relation to least developed countries in Africa, and with Ethiopia as country for a case study, the present paper argues that the Agreement on Agriculture, part of the Uruguay Round, has put a system of basic mechanisms into place but not led to significant agricultural trade liberalization. At the same time, a new host of issues have emerged that relate directly or indirectly to food and agriculture. The report highlights the various interactions between these subjects from the perspective of Ethiopia.
Agriculture and the New Trade Agenda by Merlinda D. Ingco,L. Alan Winters Pdf
Negotiating the liberalization of world agricultural trade in the World Trade Organization (WTO) is fraught with difficulty due to the complexity of the issues and the wide range of interests across countries. In the round of global trade negotiations under the WTO, different perspectives on trade reform have produced a highly contentious agenda. These issues are addressed from a range of perspectives in this survey of the trade agenda and its implications for both developing and developed countries. Agricultural trade specialists, including those in universities, in international organizations and think tanks, analyse a comprehensive range of topics including interests and options in the WTO trade negotiations, the trade agenda from a development patent perspective, WTO trade rules, trade barriers, tariff negotiations and patent protection for developing countries.
Agriculture and The World Trade Organisation by G. S. Bhalla, Jean-Luc Racine, Frédéric Landy Pdf
The volume offers to the reader a multi-faceted dialogue between noted experts from two major agricultural countries, both founding members of the Word Trade Organisation, each one with different stakes in the great globalisation game. After providing the recent historical background of agricultural policies in India and France, the contributors address burning issues related to market and regulation, food security and food safety, the expected benefits from the WTO and the genuine problems raised by the new forms of international trade in agriculture, including the sensitive question of intellectual property rights in bio-technologies. This informed volume underlines the necessity of moving beyond the North-South divide, in order to address the real challenges of the future.
