Air Pollution And Forests

Author : William H. Smith
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468401042

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Air Pollution and Forests by William H. Smith Pdf

This series is dedicated to serving the growing community of scholars and practitioners concerned with the principles and applications of environmental management. Each volume will be a thorough treatment of a specific topic of importance for proper management practices. A fundamental objective of these books is to help the reader discern and implement man's stewardship of our environment and the world's renewable resources. For we must strive to under stand the relationship between man and nature, act to bring harmony to it, and nurture an environment that is both stable and productive. These objectives have often eluded us because the pursuit of other individual and societal goals has diverted us from a course of living in balance with the environment. At times, therefore, the environmental manager may have to exert restrictive control, which is usually best applied to man, not nature. Attempts to alter or harness nature have often failed or backfired, as exemplified by the results of imprudent use of herbicides, fertilizers, water, and other agents. Each book in this series will shed light on the fundamental and applied aspects of environmental management. It is hoped that each will help solve a practical and serious environmental problem.

Author : William H. Smith
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 614 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461232964

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Air Pollution and Forests by William H. Smith Pdf

This series is dedicated to serving the growing community of scholars and practitioners concerned with the principles and applications of environmental management. Each volume will be a thorough treatment of a specific topic of importance for proper management practices. A fundamental objective of these books is to help the reader discern and implement human's stewardship of our environment and the world's renewable resources. For we must strive to understand the relationship between humankind and nature, act to bring harmony to it, and nurture an environment that is both stable and productive. These objectives have often eluded us because the pursuit of other individual and societal goals has diverted us from a course of living in balance with the environment. At times, therefore, the environmental manager may have to exert restrictive control, which is usually best applied to humans, not nature. Attempts to alter or harness nature have often failed or backfired, as exemplified by the results of imprudent use of herbicides, fertilizers, water, and other agents. Each book in this series will shed light on the fundamental and applied aspects of environmental management. It is hoped that each will help solve a practical and serious environmental problem.

Author : Lisa Emberson,Mike Ashmore,Frank Murray
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2003-12-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781783261352

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Air Pollution Impacts on Crops and Forests by Lisa Emberson,Mike Ashmore,Frank Murray Pdf

Air pollution is a problem affecting every part of our planet however, its global effects are poorly understood. This book provides the first truly global assessment of the scale of impacts of air pollution on crops and forests. The core of the book comprises assessments of the problem by experts from 12 different countries on every continent — describing the evidence of air pollution effects on crop yields and forest vitality with regard to environmental policies. These analyses are placed in the context of a global assessment of the scale of current and future air pollution levels, as well as in the socio-economic context of local production systems. Contents:Air Pollution Impacts on Crops and ForestsAir Pollution Impacts on Vegetation in Industrialised CountriesAir Pollution Impacts on Vegetation in Developing Countries Readership: Upper level graduates, graduate students and researchers in environmental science, botany and ecology, as well as environmental managers, agronomists and forest managers.

Author : D.F. Karnosky,Kevin E Percy,A.H. Chappelka,C. Simpson,J. Pikkarainen
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 493 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2003-12-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780080526911

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Air Pollution, Global Change and Forests in the New Millennium by D.F. Karnosky,Kevin E Percy,A.H. Chappelka,C. Simpson,J. Pikkarainen Pdf

The chapters in this book present a snapshot of the state of knowledge of air pollution effects at the beginning of the 21st century. From their different disciplines, a distinguished collection of authors document their understanding of how leaves, trees, and forests respond to air pollutants and climate change. Scenarios of global change and air pollution are described. The authors describe responses of forests to climate variability, tropospheric ozone, rising atmospheric CO2, the combination of CO2 and ozone, and deposition of acidic compounds and heavy metals. The responses to ozone receive particular attention because of increasing concern about its damaging effects and increasing concentrations in rural areas. Scaling issues are addressed - from leaves to trees, from juvenile trees to mature trees, from short-term responses to long-term responses, and from small-scale experiments and observations to large-scale forest ecosystems. This book is one major product of a conference sponsored by the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, the USDA Forest Service Global Change Northern Stations Program, the Arthur Ross Foundation, NCASI, the Canadian Forest Service, and Michigan Technological University. The conference, held in May 2000 in Houghton, Michigan, USA, was appropriately titled "Air Pollution, Global Change, and Forests in the New Millennium". The Editors, David Karnosky, Kevin Percy, Art Chappelka, Caroline Simpson, and Janet Pikkarainen organized the conference and edited this book.

Author : Richard K. Olson,Dan Binkley,Michael Arbaugh
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 552 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Nature
ISBN : STANFORD:36105001680706

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The Response of Western Forests to Air Pollution by Richard K. Olson,Dan Binkley,Michael Arbaugh Pdf

John Sculley In the short history of personal computing, the task of the software programmer has been one of the least recognized-but one of the most significant-in the industry. In addition to defining the prob lems, and presenting the solutions, the software programmer is con fronted with the challenge of having to predict what combination of ideas and technologies will move the industry forward in the most compelling way. Even though we've seen the development of tremendous applications in a surprisingly short period of time, the most difficult problems often surface when we try to elevate a suc cessful local idea to the international arena. In the case of Apple Computer, these challenges become especially profound when you consider that Apple sells Macintosh not just in the United States, but in Japan, China, the Middle East, Africa, East ern Europe, and even to the United Nations itself. Of course, this means that the personal computer must work everywhere around the world. But more significantly, it also means that the software must reflect the uniqueness of a given culture, its language, morals, and even its sense of humor. To step away from a narrowly-defined, nationally-based paradigm for software development, programmers, management, and entire corporations must learn to recognize what elements of an interface, problem solving technique, documentation illustration, package de sign, and advertisement are local, and which elements are appro priate for global markets.

Author : John L. Innes,Abu Hassan Haron
Publisher : CABI
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2000-06-27
Category : Air
ISBN : 0851999328

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Air Pollution and the Forests of Developing and Rapidly Industrializing Regions by John L. Innes,Abu Hassan Haron Pdf

This book examines the importance of air pollution for the forests of rapidly industrialising countries and regions. Its geographical coverage includes South and Central America, Africa, and Asia, including Siberia, China and Korea. The problems presented by air pollution are placed within the more general context of sustainable development within these regions and the historical legacy that they are attempting to deal with. Attention is drawn to the very serious problems associated with poor air quality in cities such as Mexico City and Chongqing, China. Air pollution in these areas is amongst the worst in the world. Several chapters examine the importance of forest fires as a source of air pollution, with particular reference being made to the Southeast Asian fires in recent years. The available information about the effects of this pollution on the surrounding forests is reviewed, and recommendations are made for a better understanding of the impacts. A final chapter reviews the recent developments in air pollution control policies in the different regions covered by the book.

Author : Robert C. Szaro,Andrzej Bytnerowicz,Július Oszlányi
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Nature
ISBN : 1586032585

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Effects of Air Pollution on Forest Health and Biodiversity in Forests of the Carpathian Mountains by Robert C. Szaro,Andrzej Bytnerowicz,Július Oszlányi Pdf

The effects of air pollution on biota may be subtle and elusive because of their interactions with natural stresses. Studies based on a network of sites in the Carpathian Mountains form the core of the content presented during this workshop. To this core are added key components on ecological sustainability, overviews on forest health in Europe and the world and several in-depth case studies.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Damage in Trees
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1989-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309040785

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Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Damage in Trees Pdf

There is not much question that plants are sensitive to air pollution, nor is there doubt that air pollution is affecting forests and agriculture worldwide. In this book, specific criteria and evaluated approaches to diagnose the effects of air pollution on trees and forests are examined.

Author : T.C. Hutchinson,K.M. Meema
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2011-12-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3642708765

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Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Forests, Wetlands and Agricultural Ecosystems by T.C. Hutchinson,K.M. Meema Pdf

T. C. Hutchinson The NATO Advanced Research Workshop detailed in this volume was held in Toronto, Canada, in 1985. The purpose of the Workshop was to provide a "state of the art" report on our knowledge of the sensitivities and responses of forests, wetlands and crops to airborne pollutants. Approximately 40 scientific experts from nine countries participated. Most participants were actively involved in research concerning the effects of air pollutants on natural or agro-ecosystems. These pollutants included acidic deposition, heavy metal particulates, sulphur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, acid fogs and mixtures of these. Also invited were experts on various types of ecosystem stresses, physiologi cal mechanisms pertinent to acid deposition, and other areas that were felt by the director to be of direct relevance, including: effects of ethylene on vegetation, the physiology of drought in trees, the nature and role of plant cuticles as barriers to acid rain penetration, the use of dendrochronological techniques in reconstructing the time of onset and the subsequent progression of growth declines, the ability of soils to naturally generate acidity, the role of Sphagnum moss in natural peat land acidity, the use of lichens as indicators of changing air quality, and the magnitude of natural emissions of reduced sulphur gases from tropical rainforests and temperate deciduous forests. The Workshop included a series of invited presentations and subsequent group discussions. These presentations were designed to allow syntheses of our present knowledge as well as detailed questioning and discussion.

Author : B. Ulrich,J. Pankrath
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400969834

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Effects of Accumulation of Air Pollutants in Forest Ecosystems by B. Ulrich,J. Pankrath Pdf

This volume is based on a workshop on "Effects of accumulation of air pollutants in forest ecosystems'; held in GOttingen, Federal Republic of Germany, from May 16-18, 1982. This work'shop was initiated and sponsored by the Environmental Agency of the Federal Republic of Germany (project officer: Dr. J. Pankrath) as part of a research contract (project leader: Dr. B. Ulrich). THE PROBLEM SEEN UNDER THE ASPECT OF ADMINISTRATION The problem of forest damage caused by air pollution is not new in Europe. Already in 1983 a comprehensive report from Schroeder and Reuss about vegetation damages by fume in the Harz mountains was published. In 1923, Prof. Dr. Julius Stocklasa of the Bohemian Technical Highschool in Prague was concerned with research of toxical effects of sulphur dioxide in his publication "The damage of vegetation by flue gas and exhalations of facili ties". This comprehensive and instructive work concludes with the sentence: "It is already high time for the governments of all cultural states to take legal, police and private measures in order to prevent damage by flue gases". In the neighbourhood of industries with high gaseous and dust emissions damages have been shown to occur for a long timei these deleterious effects have influenced the growth of trees and in extreme cases have even caused their early death.

Author : T.C. Hutchinson,K.M. Meema
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 663 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642708749

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Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Forests, Wetlands and Agricultural Ecosystems by T.C. Hutchinson,K.M. Meema Pdf

T. C. Hutchinson The NATO Advanced Research Workshop detailed in this volume was held in Toronto, Canada, in 1985. The purpose of the Workshop was to provide a "state of the art" report on our knowledge of the sensitivities and responses of forests, wetlands and crops to airborne pollutants. Approximately 40 scientific experts from nine countries participated. Most participants were actively involved in research concerning the effects of air pollutants on natural or agro-ecosystems. These pollutants included acidic deposition, heavy metal particulates, sulphur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, acid fogs and mixtures of these. Also invited were experts on various types of ecosystem stresses, physiologi cal mechanisms pertinent to acid deposition, and other areas that were felt by the director to be of direct relevance, including: effects of ethylene on vegetation, the physiology of drought in trees, the nature and role of plant cuticles as barriers to acid rain penetration, the use of dendrochronological techniques in reconstructing the time of onset and the subsequent progression of growth declines, the ability of soils to naturally generate acidity, the role of Sphagnum moss in natural peat land acidity, the use of lichens as indicators of changing air quality, and the magnitude of natural emissions of reduced sulphur gases from tropical rainforests and temperate deciduous forests. The Workshop included a series of invited presentations and subsequent group discussions. These presentations were designed to allow syntheses of our present knowledge as well as detailed questioning and discussion.

Author : Susan Fox,Robert A. Mickler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461208099

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Impact of Air Pollutants on Southern Pine Forests by Susan Fox,Robert A. Mickler Pdf

The public's attitude toward air pollution in the United States evolved substantially during the 1960s. One of the results of the nation's emerging environmental ethic was the creation of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in December of 1970. Prior to this time, research was focused on the impacts of air pollution on human health and welfare and was largely conducted by several federal research agencies, which included the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and the U. S. Department of Agricul ture. After the creation of the EPA, much of this work was consolidated in one regulatory agency, which resulted in periodic evaluations of the various effects of atmospheric pollution on human health, materials, agriculture, and forest ecosystems. At the same time that environmental interest was growing in the United States, concern increased in the European scientific community and public over the ecological impacts of acidic deposition. As the magnitude of the damage to European lakes and streams and the widespread decline in Norway spruce and silver fir was reported, concern that similar problems were occurring in the United States increased substantially. This concern was heightened by press reports of high elevation spruce-fir forest declines in the Adirondack and Appalachian Mountains and the decline and death of sugar maples in the northeastern United States and Canada.

Author : Sandra Postel
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Nature
ISBN : UOM:39015007579421

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Air Pollution, Acid Rain, and the Future of Forests by Sandra Postel Pdf

This book traces centuries of human use and abuse of forest ecosystems by discussing past decades of intense burning, grazing, and timber cutting that added to the natural acidification of the soil. Air pollutants and acids generated by industrial activities worldwide are also considered. Many forests in Europe and North America now receive as much as 30 times more acidity than they would if rain or snow were falling through a pristine atmosphere; ozone levels in many rural areas of Europe and North America are now regularly in the range known to damage trees. The book is organized into six sections, an introduction and bibliography of cited references. Major topic areas discussed include: (1) signs of forest destruction worldwide; (2) pathways of pollution that in most cases are traced back to sulfur and nitrogen oxides emitted during the burning of fossil fuels; (3) economic and ecological reality of forest destruction; (4) controlling emissions through requirements for effective technology; (5) international cooperation as an essential factor in controlling a wholesale continental pollution trade; and (6) the emerging realization of the potential economic and ecological consequences of acid rain and air pollution. (BC)

Author : American Forestry Association
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Acid rain
ISBN : WISC:89075315093

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White Paper on the Forest Effects of Air Pollution by American Forestry Association Pdf

Author : B. Ulrich,J. Pankrath
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1983-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9027714762

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Effects of Accumulation of Air Pollutants in Forest Ecosystems by B. Ulrich,J. Pankrath Pdf

This volume is based on a workshop on "Effects of accumulation of air pollutants in forest ecosystems'; held in GOttingen, Federal Republic of Germany, from May 16-18, 1982. This work'shop was initiated and sponsored by the Environmental Agency of the Federal Republic of Germany (project officer: Dr. J. Pankrath) as part of a research contract (project leader: Dr. B. Ulrich). THE PROBLEM SEEN UNDER THE ASPECT OF ADMINISTRATION The problem of forest damage caused by air pollution is not new in Europe. Already in 1983 a comprehensive report from Schroeder and Reuss about vegetation damages by fume in the Harz mountains was published. In 1923, Prof. Dr. Julius Stocklasa of the Bohemian Technical Highschool in Prague was concerned with research of toxical effects of sulphur dioxide in his publication "The damage of vegetation by flue gas and exhalations of facili ties". This comprehensive and instructive work concludes with the sentence: "It is already high time for the governments of all cultural states to take legal, police and private measures in order to prevent damage by flue gases". In the neighbourhood of industries with high gaseous and dust emissions damages have been shown to occur for a long timei these deleterious effects have influenced the growth of trees and in extreme cases have even caused their early death.