All Necessary Measures

Author : Ian Martin
Publisher : Hurst Publishers
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2022-04-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781787388574

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All Necessary Measures? by Ian Martin Pdf

The international intervention after the 2011 Libyan uprising against Muammar Gaddafi was initially considered a remarkable success: the UN Security Council’s first application of the ‘responsibility to protect’ doctrine; an impending civilian massacre prevented; and an opportunity for democratic forces to lead Libya out of a forty-year dictatorship. But such optimism was soon dashed. Successive governments failed to establish authority over the ever-proliferating armed groups; divisions among regions and cities, Islamists and others, split the country into rival administrations and exploded into civil war; external intervention escalated. Ian Martin gives his first-hand view of the questions raised by the international engagement. Was it a justified response to the threat against civilians? What brought about the Security Council resolutions, including authorising military action? How did NATO act upon that authorisation? What role did Special Forces operations play in the rebels’ victory? Was a peaceful political settlement ever possible? What post-conflict planning was undertaken, and should or could there have been a major peacekeeping or stabilisation mission during the transition? Was the first election held too soon? As Western interventions are reassessed and Libya continues to struggle for stability, this is a unique account of a critical period, by a senior international official who was close to the events.

Author : Carrie Walling
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2013-07-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780812208474

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All Necessary Measures by Carrie Walling Pdf

What prompts the United Nations Security Council to engage forcefully in some crises at high risk for genocide and ethnic cleansing but not others? In All Necessary Measures, Carrie Booth Walling identifies several systematic patterns in the stories that council members tell about conflicts and the policy solutions that result from them. Drawing on qualitative comparative case studies spanning two decades, including situations where the council has intervened to stop mass killing (Somalia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Sierra Leone) as well as situations where it has not (Rwanda, Kosovo, and Sudan), Walling posits that the arguments council members make about the cause and character of conflict as well as the source of sovereign authority in target states have the potential to enable or constrain the use of military force in defense of human rights. At a moment when constructivist scholars in international relations are pushing beyond empirical claims for the value of norms and toward critical analysis of such norms, All Necessary Measures establishes discourse's real-world explanatory power. From her comparative chronology, Walling demonstrates that humanitarian intervention becomes possible when the majority of Security Council members come to a shared understanding of the conflict, perpetrators, and victims—and probable when the Council understands state sovereignty as complementary to human rights norms. By illuminating the relationship between national interests and the core values of Security Council members and how it influences decision-making, All Necessary Measures suggests when and where the Security Council is likely to intervene in the future.

Author : Alfred A. Walton
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1868
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OXFORD:600068577

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Our future progress: a digest of the necessary measures to be adopted to secure the improvement of all classes [by A.A. Walton]. by Alfred A. Walton Pdf

Author : Alfred A. WALTON
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1867
Category : Electronic
ISBN : BL:A0023068696

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Our future progress; being a ... digest of the necessary measures to be adopted to secure the political, social, ... and domestic improvement of all classes of the community by Alfred A. WALTON Pdf

Author : Cameron Spence
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Bosnia and Hercegovina
ISBN : 0140269959

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All Necessary Measures by Cameron Spence Pdf

In 1994 Cameron Spence travelled to Bosnia as Second-in-Command of an SAS troop. This book details the patrol's rollercoaster ride through a lawless country, leading to the book's climax: a daring bid by a trapped SAS patrol to break out of the besieged Muslim town of Gorazde.

Author : Rosalyn Higgins,Philippa Webb,Dapo Akande,Sandesh Sivakumaran,James Sloan
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1642 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2017-10-12
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780192537195

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Oppenheim's International Law: United Nations by Rosalyn Higgins,Philippa Webb,Dapo Akande,Sandesh Sivakumaran,James Sloan Pdf

The United Nations, whose specialized agencies were the subject of an Appendix to the 1958 edition of Oppenheim's International Law: Peace, has expanded beyond all recognition since its founding in 1945.This volume represents a study that is entirely new, but prepared in the way that has become so familiar over succeeding editions of Oppenheim. An authoritative and comprehensive study of the United Nations' legal practice, this volume covers the formal structures of the UN as it has expanded over the years, and all that this complex organization does. All substantive issues are addressed in separate sections, including among others, the responsibilities of the UN, financing, immunities, human rights, preventing armed conflicts and peacekeeping, and judicial matters. In examining the evolving structures and ever expanding work of the United Nations, this volume follows the long-held tradition of Oppenheim by presenting facts uncoloured by personal opinion, in a succinct text that also offers in the footnotes a wealth of information and ideas to be explored. It is book that, while making all necessary reference to the Charter, the Statute of the International Court of Justice, and other legal instruments, tells of the realities of the legal issues as they arise in the day to day practice of the United Nations. Missions to the UN, Ministries of Foreign Affairs, practitioners of international law, academics, and students will all find this book to be vital in their understanding of the workings of the legal practice of the UN. Research for this publication was made possible by The Balzan Prize, which was awarded to Rosalyn Higgins in 2007 by the International Balzan Foundation.

Author : Andrew Clapham,Paola Gaeta
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1009 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2014-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199559695

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The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Armed Conflict by Andrew Clapham,Paola Gaeta Pdf

Written by a team of distinguished and internationally renowned experts, this Oxford Handbook gives an analytical overview of international law as it applies in armed conflicts. The Handbook draws on international humanitarian law, human rights law, and the law of neutrality to provide a comprehensive picture of the status of law in war.

Author : Patricia Schulz,Ruth Halperin-Kaddari,Beate Rudolf,Marsha A. Freeman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1041 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2023-03-02
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780192862815

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The Un Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and Its Optional Protocol by Patricia Schulz,Ruth Halperin-Kaddari,Beate Rudolf,Marsha A. Freeman Pdf

This volume is the fully revised and updated version of the first comprehensive commentary on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and its Optional Protocol. It reflects the developments during the decade following the publication of the first edition in 2012, which has also seen a notable rise in individual complaints (more than 85), ten new General Recommendations, and six new inquiry procedures as well as numerous statements, partly in conjunction with other UN human rights bodies. The Convention is a key international human rights instrument and the only one exclusively addressed to women. It has been described as the United Nations' 'landmark treaty in the struggle for women's rights'. At a time when the backlash against women's human rights and the concept of gender-based discrimination is increasingly challenged by governments and powerful societal actors, the Commentary is an important instrument to hold all state powers to account on their international obligations under the Convention. The Commentary analyses the interpretation of the Convention through the work of its monitoring body, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. It comprises detailed analyses of the Preamble and each article of the Convention and of the Optional Protocol, including a separate chapter on the cross-cutting substantive issue of violence against women. The sources relied on are the treaty language and the general recommendations, concluding observations, and case law under the Optional Protocol (individual complaints and inquiries), through which the Committee has interpreted and applied the Convention. Each chapter is self-contained, but the Commentary is conceived of as an integral whole. The book also includes an introduction which provides an overview of the Convention and its embedding in the international law of human rights as well as the most recent challenges to women's human rights worldwide.

Author : Ramesh Thakur And Ere Haru
Publisher : Pearson Education India
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2007-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8131708497

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The Chemical Weapons Convention: Implementation , Challenges , Opportunities by Ramesh Thakur And Ere Haru Pdf

Author : Alex Conte
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2017-11-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781351149549

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Security in the 21st Century by Alex Conte Pdf

This exceptional volume examines international security issues by way of case studies of the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. Each of these raises significant issues concerning the use of force between states and the role of the United Nations in maintaining international peace and security. Alex Conte examines international terrorism and the intervention in Afghanistan, including the controversial policy of pre-emptive strikes in the war on terror, and discusses the role adopted by the United Nations in the political and economic reconstruction of states subjected to conflict. Analyzing events in Iraq since 1990, he assesses the legality of the current war and leads to an examination of the role of the UN in maintaining peace and security and possible options for reform and accountability. The study will be a valuable guide for all those keen to understand the use of international law and the United Nations in the first two major conflicts of the 21st century and their implications for the future role of the United Nations.

Author : Ruwantissa Abeyratne
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351772174

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Aviation in Crisis by Ruwantissa Abeyratne Pdf

This title was first published in 2003. The events of 11 September 2001 defy modern economic theory when addressed in aviation terms. Economic theory would suggest that, once the impact of such events are a thing of the past, and economies are restored to their status quo ante, a rise in the gross domestic product of States to earlier levels would almost inevitably result in increased consumption. This in turn would mean that the demand for air travel would rise to earlier proportions and consumption in terms of air transport services would be restored to normalcy. However, the September attacks on United States' property introduced a unique characteristic through the fear factor that directly impacts the future development of air transport. As a result, the grim task of restoration of passenger confidence stands in the way of economic revival of the air transport industry. Aviation was always in crisis. The air transport industry, even prior to 11 September 2001, although seemingly a glamorous, exciting and prosperous business, never enjoyed sustained periods of profitability. Even among the large carriers, a short bout of profitability would inevitably be followed by a period of downturn in real income. It is simply that this fluctuation in fortune is an ineluctable characteristic of air transport, whose fortunes are dictated by rigid regulation, competition and technological change. If a sustained analysis were to be made of air transport, plain economic theory would no longer be the exclusive discipline for consideration. Rather, all relevant factors have to be taken in context and emerging issues should be analyzed as possible threats to the economic well being of the air transport industry. This book addresses issues in a post-September 2001 context but also analyses issues past and present, with the intent of looking at the future. Four major areas are taken into consideration which were in crisis but are truly impacted by the events of September 2001. These areas relate to crises in the commercial, security, insurance and environmental protection fields. Of these the first and fourth areas are inextricably intertwined, as aircraft noise regulations in various States have a direct impact on aircraft financing, which in turn is linked to demand for air services. A drop in demand for air services would essentially mean that the demand for lease or purchase of new aircraft would drop. When this occurs, air transport enterprises would be more inclined to cut costs and therefore concentrate on using the aircraft already at hand, upgrading them to conform to the The purpose of this book is to view the overall picture of an aviation industry - comprising air transport and other aviation related industries - in crisis, through issues that continue to impact the economic viability of air transport, particularly as a result of the events of 11 September 2001.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1006 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Courts-martial and courts of inquiry
ISBN : NWU:35559004732073

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Military Law Review by Anonim Pdf

Author : Caroline E. Foster
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-06-24
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780192538536

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Global Regulatory Standards in Environmental and Health Disputes by Caroline E. Foster Pdf

Global regulatory standards are emerging from the environmental and health jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice, the World Trade Organization, under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and investor-state dispute settlement. Most prominent are the three standards of regulatory coherence, due regard for the rights of others, and due diligence in the prevention of harm. These global regulatory standards are a phenomenon of our times, representing a new contribution to the ordering of the relationship between domestic and international law, and a revised conception of sovereignty in an increasingly pluralistic global legal era. However, the legitimacy of the resulting 'standards-enriched' international law remains open to question. International courts and tribunals should not be the only fora in which these standards are elaborated, and many challenges and opportunities lie ahead in the ongoing development of global regulatory standards. Debate over whether regulatory coherence should go beyond reasonableness and rationality requirements and require proportionality stricto sensu in the relationship between regulatory measures and their objectives is central. Due regard, the most novel of the emerging standards, may help protect international law's legitimacy claims in the interim. Meanwhile, all actors should attend to the integration rather than the fragmentation of international law, and to changes in the status of private actors.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1038 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1945
Category : Agricultural extension work
ISBN : UCAL:B4915627

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Cooperative Agricultural Extension Work by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture Pdf

Author : Hans Christian Bugge
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2018-03-27
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041195586

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Environmental Law in Norway by Hans Christian Bugge Pdf

Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this book provides ready access to legislation and practice concerning the environment in Norway. A general introduction covers geographic considerations, political, social and cultural aspects of environmental study, the sources and principles of environmental law, environmental legislation, and the role of public authorities. The main body of the book deals first with laws aimed directly at protecting the environment from pollution in specific areas such as air, water, waste, soil, noise, and radiation. Then, a section on nature and conservation management covers protection of natural and cultural resources such as monuments, landscapes, parks and reserves, wildlife, agriculture, forests, fish, subsoil, and minerals. Further treatment includes the application of zoning and land-use planning, rules on liability, and administrative and judicial remedies to environmental issues. There is also an analysis of the impact of international and regional legislation and treaties on environmental regulation. Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable resource for environmental lawyers handling cases affecting Norway. Academics and researchers, as well as business investors and the various international organizations in the field, will welcome this very useful guide, and will appreciate its value in the study of comparative environmental law and policy.