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Author : Environmental Research Laboratory (Duluth, Minn.),Environmental Research Laboratory (Narragansett, R.I.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Cyanides
ISBN : UCR:31210025015551
Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Regulations and Standards
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Water
ISBN : MINN:31951D00766818X
Section 304(a) (1) of the Clean Water Act 33 U.S.C. 1314(a) (1) requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to publish and periodically update ambient water quality criteria. These criteria are to accurately reflect the latest scientific knowledge (a) on the kind and extent of all identifiable effects on health and welfare including, but not limited to, plankton, fish shellfish, wildlife, plant life, shorelines, beaches, aesthetics, and recreation which may be expected from the presence of pollutants in any body of water including ground water; (b) on the concentration and dispersal of pollutants, or their byproducts, through biological, physical, and chemical processes; and (c) on the effects of pollutants on biological community diversity, productivity, and stability, including information on the factors affecting rates of eutrophication and organic and inorganic sedimentation for varying types of receiving waters. In a continuing effort to provide those who use EPA's water quality and human health criteria with up-to-date criteria values and associated information, the document was assembled. The document includes summaries of all the contaminants for which EPA has developed criteria recommendations.
Author : L. T. Brooke
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Aquatic organisms
ISBN : UCR:31210024932335
Author : Robert W. Gensemer,David K. DeForest,Rick D. Cardwell,David Dzombak,Robert Santore
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2007-12-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 1843397536
The USEPA’s ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) for cyanide were developed in 1984. Recently, however, concerns have arisen that the AWQC for cyanide have been problematic to implement and may not accurately reflect either the toxic forms or bioavailable concentrations of cyanide in water, sediments, and tissues of aquatic organisms. Also, the cyanide criteria typically have been implemented based on total cyanide concentrations rather than the free cyanide concentrations that formed the basis of the criteria calculations. New knowledge on cyanide toxicity, cyanide speciation and its measurement, and the relative toxicity of bioavailable cyanide species suggested that a re-evaluation of the aquatic toxicity data and chemistry that serve as the basis of the current national criteria is warranted. In response to these concerns, studies sponsored by the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) evaluated the formation and fate of cyanide in municipal wastewater effluents. Kavanaugh et al. (2003) evaluated the reliability of several analytical methods for measurement of cyanide species at low (ppb) concentrations, along with studies to evaluate the sources, transport, and fate of cyanide species in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and receiving waters. Results indicated that potentially toxic forms of cyanide can be generated in WWTPs from several chemical processes, including dissociation of thiocyanate by chlorination or UV disinfection, chlorination in the presence of residual ammonia, nitrosation, and photolysis of ferrocyanate. Models were developed for predicting the fate of these compounds in surface waters downstream of WWTP effluents to establish where organisms might be most at risk from cyanide exposure. While implementation of these results could assist in the development of site-specific water quality standards for cyanide, a more thorough update to the National AWQC was warranted to apply our more current scientific understanding of cyanide toxicology to the derivation of aquatic life criteria. The present study was therefore undertaken to review and update knowledge of the aquatic toxicity of cyanide, and to develop recommended updates to the existing national AWQC to enhance the scientific basis of the concentrations and chemical forms of cyanide specified for protection of aquatic organisms. This update was conducted according to USEPA guidance for derivation of AWQC for protection of aquatic life, and is based both on an extensive literature review and on new toxicity studies that fill key data gaps. This re-evaluation of cyanide criteria also includes consideration of impacts on benthic (sediment) organisms, wildlife that consume aquatic biota, and possible effects to threatened and endangered species to ensure that revised criteria are adequately protective of the entire aquatic ecosystem.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Aquatic organisms
ISBN : UCR:31210024976589
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Aquatic organisms
ISBN : UCR:31210024932319
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 834 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Chemicals
ISBN : CORNELL:31924063114759
Author : Howard J. Singleton,BC Environment. Water Management Division
Publisher : BC Environment, Water Management Division
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1993-01-01
Category : Cyanides
ISBN : 0772616027
Author : Environmental Research Laboratory (Narragansett, R.I.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Ammonia
ISBN : UCR:31210024932277
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Water
ISBN : UCR:31210024932046
This is a compilation in tabular form the EPA's national recommended water quality criteria for 157 pollutants, developed pursuant to section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (CWA or the Act). These recommended criteria provide guidance for States and Tribes in adopting water quality standards under section 303(c) of the CWA. Such standards are used in implementing a number of environmental programs, including setting discharge limits in National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits. These water quality criteria are not regulations, and do not impose legally binding requirements on EPA, States, Tribes or the public. EPA's process for deriving new and revised 304(a) criteria are also described. This document is in PDF format.
Author : Geneviève M. Carr,James P. Neary
Publisher : UNEP/Earthprint
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9295039513
This document is intended to provide an overview of the major components of surface and ground water quality and how these relate to ecosystem and human health. Local, regional and global assessments of water quality monitoring data are used to illustrate key features of aquatic environments, and to demonstrate how human activities on the landscape can influence water quality in both positive and negative ways. Clear and concise background knowledge on water quality can serve to support other water assessments.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Electronic
ISBN : CORNELL:31924056585981
Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Regulations and Standards. Criteria & Standards Division
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Cyanides
ISBN : MINN:31951002868356Y
Author : Peter Doudoroff
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Aquatic ecology
ISBN : UCR:31210012293369
Author : Gary Chapman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Water
ISBN : UCR:31210024932293