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Ambiguity Handling: Human vs. Machine by Stefanie Dietzel Pdf
Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1, University of Marburg (Fremdsprachliche Philologien), course: Proseminar Semantics, language: English, abstract: “Ambiguity is pervasive at all levels of analysis. It has been, is, and is likely to remain the key problem in natural language processing.” (Gadzar 1993:161) This statement by Gerald Gadzar expresses the necessity to cope with the challenge of ambiguity resolution. As the phenomenon of ambiguity is widespread in human language, an interesting question would be: How could a machine be able to handle ambiguity while even humans have difficulties in solving such problems? This paper will first define the phenomenon of ambiguity and explain the different types of it. An interesting aspect will be the effect of garden path sentences.
Philip K. Dick Award finalist Praise for Vandana Singh: “A most promising and original young writer.”—Ursula K. Le Guin “Lovely! What a pleasure this book is . . . full of warmth, compassion, affection, high comedy and low.”—Molly Gloss, author of The Hearts of Horses “Vandana Singh’s radiant protagonist is a planet unto herself.”—Village Voice “Sweeping starscapes and daring cosmology that make Singh a worthy heir to Cordwainer Smith and Arthur C. Clarke.”—Chris Moriarty, Fantasy & Science Fiction “I’m looking forward to the collection . . . everything I’ve read has impressed me—the past and future visions in ‘Delhi’, the intensity of ‘Thirst’, the feeling of escape at the end of ‘The Tetrahedron’...” —Niall Harrison, Vector (British Science Fiction Association) “...the first writer of Indian origin to make a serious mark in the SF world ... she writes with such a beguiling touch of the strange.” —Nilanjana Roy, Business Standard In her first North American collection, Vandana Singh’s deep humanism interplays with her scientific background in stories that explore and celebrate this world and others and characters who are trying to make sense of the people they meet, what they see, and the challenges they face. An eleventh century poet wakes to find he is as an artificially intelligent companion on a starship. A woman of no account has the ability to look into the past. In "Requiem," a major new novella, a woman goes to Alaska to try and make sense of her aunt’s disappearance. Singh's stories have been performed on BBC radio, been finalists for the British SF Association award, selected for the Tiptree award honor list, and oft reprinted in Best of the Year anthologies. Her dives deep into the vast strangeness of the universe without and within and with her unblinking clear vision she explores the ways we move through space and time: together, yet always apart.
Author : Jürgen Handke Publisher : Walter de Gruyter Page : 400 pages File Size : 49,9 Mb Release : 2012-08-06 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines ISBN : 9783110907865
Translation, Brains and the Computer by Bernard Scott Pdf
This book is about machine translation (MT) and the classic problems associated with this language technology. It examines the causes of these problems and, for linguistic, rule-based systems, attributes the cause to language’s ambiguity and complexity and their interplay in logic-driven processes. For non-linguistic, data-driven systems, the book attributes translation shortcomings to the very lack of linguistics. It then proposes a demonstrable way to relieve these drawbacks in the shape of a working translation model (Logos Model) that has taken its inspiration from key assumptions about psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic function. The book suggests that this brain-based mechanism is effective precisely because it bridges both linguistically driven and data-driven methodologies. It shows how simulation of this cerebral mechanism has freed this one MT model from the all-important, classic problem of complexity when coping with the ambiguities of language. Logos Model accomplishes this by a data-driven process that does not sacrifice linguistic knowledge, but that, like the brain, integrates linguistics within a data-driven process. As a consequence, the book suggests that the brain-like mechanism embedded in this model has the potential to contribute to further advances in machine translation in all its technological instantiations.
Ambiguous Territory by Cathryn Dwyre,Chris Perry,David Salomon,Kathy Velikov Pdf
The writers and designers in this collection are among the most thoughtful architects, artists, landscape architects, and theorists working today. The editors organized these essays and works of art and design around three territories: the atmospheric, the biologic, and the geologic. Each cluster of essays is further framed by forewords and afterwords, which draw individual points of view into a larger articulation of what an ambiguous territory might be and how it operates. Ambiguous Territory emerged from a symposium and exhibition held at the University of Michigan in the fall of 2017, and exhibitions at the University of Virginia and Pratt Manhattan Gallery in 2018, and at Ithaca College in 2019. The conversations that arise in this book are inquisitive and critically engaged. They pressure assumptions we routinely make about what constitutes meaningful and principled perspectives in architecture, landscape architecture, and art. Both the texts and the work take on some of the trickiest issues of our time. -- Excerpt from a foreword to the book by Catherine Ingraham Professor, Graduate Architecture and Urban Design, Pratt Institute The works in Ambiguous Territory exist in a creative space, in the moody realm of possibilities. It’s a sphere of design in which solutions (or lack thereof) have yet to settle. That should be a familiar feeling for all creative people, whose daily life may include exploring a way out of a problem without being able to nail down an exact answer. This volume belongs in that territory of ambiguity and curiosity, a place where there is room for musings, laughter, and despair. The projects convey, in different ways, a hope for a better future, but also a sense of not knowing if that future is at all possible. -- Excerpt from an afterword to the book by Peder Anker Professor, the Gallatin School of Individualized Study, New York University With Contributions of Ellie Abrons, Paula Gaetano Adi, amid.cero9, Amy Balkin, Philip Beesley, Ursula Biemann, The Bittertang Farm, Edward Burtynsky, Bradley Cantrell, Gustavo Crembil, Brian Davis, Design Earth, Mark Dion, Formlessfinder, Lindsey french, Adam Fure, Futureforms, Michael Geffel, Rania Ghosn, David Gissen, El Hadi Jazairy, Harrison Atelier, Cornelia Hesse-Honegger, Lisa Hirmer, Catherine Ingraham, Lydia Kallipoliti, Perry Kulper, Sean Lally, Landing Studio, Lateral Office, LCLA, Mark Lindquist, LiquidFactory, Ariane Lourie-Harrison, Meredith Miller, Thom Moran, Ricardo de Ostos, NaJa & deOstos, Nemestudio, Mark Nystrom, OMG / O’Donnell Miller Group, The Open Workshop, Ricardo de Ostos, oOR / Office of Outdoor Research, Jennifer Peeples, pneumastudio, Alessandra Ponte, Office for Political Innovation, Rachele Riley, RVTR, Smout Allen, smudge studio, Neil Spiller, Terreform ONE, Andreas Theodoridis, Unknown Fields, Liam Young, Marina Zurkow
International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors - 3 Volume Set by Informa Healthcare Pdf
The first encyclopedia in the field, the International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors provides a comprehensive and authoritative compendium of current knowledge on ergonomics and human factors. It gives specific information on concepts and tools unique to ergonomics. About 500 entries, published in three volumes and on CD-ROM, are pre
Learn Python From an Expert: The Complete Guide: With Artificial Intelligence by Edson L P Camacho Pdf
The Ultimate Guide to Advanced Python and Artificial Intelligence: Unleash the Power of Code! Are you ready to take your Python programming skills to the next level and dive into the exciting world of artificial intelligence? Look no further! We proudly present the comprehensive book written by renowned author Edson L P Camacho: "Advanced Python: Mastering AI." In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, the demand for AI professionals is soaring. Python, with its simplicity and versatility, has become the go-to language for AI development. Whether you are a seasoned Pythonista or a beginner eager to learn, this book is your gateway to mastering AI concepts and enhancing your programming expertise. What sets "Advanced Python: Mastering AI" apart from other books is its unparalleled combination of in-depth theory and hands-on practicality. Edson L P Camacho, a leading expert in the field, guides you through every step, from laying the foundation of Python fundamentals to implementing cutting-edge AI algorithms. Here's a glimpse of what you'll find within the pages of this comprehensive guide: 1. Python Fundamentals: Review and reinforce your knowledge of Python basics, including data types, control flow, functions, and object-oriented programming. Build a solid foundation to tackle complex AI concepts. 2. Data Manipulation and Visualization: Learn powerful libraries such as NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib to handle and analyze data. Understand how to preprocess and visualize data effectively for AI applications. 3. Machine Learning Essentials: Dive into the world of machine learning and explore popular algorithms like linear regression, decision trees, support vector machines, and neural networks. Discover how to train, evaluate, and optimize models for various tasks. 4. Deep Learning and Neural Networks: Delve deeper into neural networks, the backbone of modern AI. Gain insights into deep learning architectures, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Implement advanced techniques like transfer learning and generative models. 5. Natural Language Processing (NLP): Explore the fascinating field of NLP and learn how to process and analyze textual data using Python. Discover techniques like sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, and text generation. 6. Computer Vision: Unleash the power of Python for image and video analysis. Build computer vision applications using popular libraries like OpenCV and TensorFlow. Understand concepts like object detection, image segmentation, and image captioning. 7. Reinforcement Learning: Embark on the exciting journey of reinforcement learning. Master the fundamentals of Q-learning, policy gradients, and deep Q-networks. Create intelligent agents that can learn and make decisions in dynamic environments. "Advanced Python: Mastering AI" not only equips you with the theoretical knowledge but also provides numerous real-world examples and projects to reinforce your understanding. Each chapter is accompanied by practical exercises and coding challenges to sharpen your skills and boost your confidence. Don't miss the opportunity to stay ahead in this AI-driven era. Order your copy of "Advanced Python: Mastering AI" today and unlock the full potential of Python programming with artificial intelligence. Take your career to new heights and become a proficient AI developer. Get ready to write the code that shapes the future!
The Future Factor offers an inspiring, optimistic view of the human future. Sociologist Michael G. Zey shows how breathtaking innovations in fields such as biotechnology, computing, robotics, medicine, energy development and space technology are catapulting global society into a new era of abundance and prosperity. As the third millennium begins, technological breakthroughs provide unprecedented opportunities for growth, profitability and organizational and personal reinvention. However, to stay ahead of the curve and anticipate future developments before competitors and peers do, leaders, companies and individuals must be equipped with the capacity to make informed decisions. In The Future Factor, Zey provides the sophisticated cutting-edge knowledge needed to achieve competitive advantage that individuals require to make career and life choices. Zey paints a big picture of new forces--biogenesis, cybergenesis, species coalescence and dominionization--that are subtly impacting society and the global economy and changing forever the way we live. Among the subjects explored in this wide-ranging book are: the role cybergenisis will play in making humans healthier; the universal communication network based on the Internet and virtual reality; biogenesis, gene therapy and decoding the human genome; "next generation" robots, smart machines and their impact on economic growth; the colonization of space and the advent of "space tourism"; fusion-based energy and its effect on the environment and global economy; global transportation and a worldwide superhighway; and biotechnological breakthroughs in agriculture and food production. Michael G. Zey, an internationally recognized sociologist and futurist, consults to corporations, government agencies, and universities on future planning. He has appeared on The Wall Street Journal Report, as well as on programs on CNBC, CNN, and CNNfn Business Report, CNBC's America's Vital Signs and The Turning Point. His ideas have appeared in the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Investor's Business Daily, Worth, Entrepreneur, the Christian Science Monitor, Futurist, and Le Monde. Zey is a professor at Montclair State University and executive director of the Expansionary Institute.
Research shows that the ability to "read others" or to make sense of the signs and symbols evident in human communication has an influence on children's self-conceptions and their social interactions in childhood and adolescence. Given that psychological explanations play a key role in teaching and learning, further research is required, particularly on adolescents within the school context. This book investigates which aspects of these discourse experiences foster the growth of understanding of spirit, emotion, and mind in adolescence. Accordingly, from a co-relational approach to the development of understanding mind and education, this book builds on past and current research by investigating the social and emotional antecedents and consequences of psychological understanding in early adolescence. Specifically, this book explores the question: How do adolescents use their ability to understand other minds to navigate their relationships with themselves and their peers within the culture of ambiguity? To address this question, this book critically examines research on adolescents’ ability to understand mind, emotion, and spirit, and how they use this ability to help them navigate their relationships within the school setting. This book might appeal to a variety of educators and researchers, ranging from early childhood educators/researchers to university professors specializing in socioemotional and spiritual/moral worlds of adolescents. Sandra Leanne Bosacki completed her PhD in Education at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto, Canada. Currently an Associate Professor in the Graduate and Undergraduate Department of Education at Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, she teaches graduate courses in Developmental Educational Psychology and Educational Research. Her teaching and research interests include sociocognitive, emotional, moral, and spiritual development within diverse cultural and educational contexts. She is a contributing associate editor of the International Journal of Children’s Spirituality and is the author books The Culture of Classroom Silence and the Emotional Lives of Children (2005; 2008, Peter Lang). She has published research papers in the Journal of Educational Psychology, the Journal of Early Adolescence, Social Development, and Gender Roles: A Journal of Research. She currently resides in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Capitalizing Data Science by Mathangi Sri Ramachandran Pdf
Unlock the Potential of Data Science and Machine Learning to Your Business and Organization KEY FEATURES ● Includes today's most popular applications powered by data science and machine learning technology. ● A solid primer on the entire data science lifecycle, detailed with examples. ● An integrated approach to demonstrating the use of Image Processing, Natural Language Processing, and Neural Networks in business. DESCRIPTION Can you foresee how your company and its products will benefit from data science? How can the results of using AI and ML in business be tracked and questioned? Do questions like ‘how do you build a data science team?’ keep popping into your head? All these strategic concerns and challenges are addressed in this book. Firstly, the book explores the evolution of decision-making based on empirical evidence. The book then helps compare the data-supported era with the current data-led era. It also discusses how to successfully run a data science project, the lifecycle of a data science project, and what it looks like. The book dives fairly in-depth into various today's data-led applications, highlights example datasets, discusses obstacles, and explains machine learning models and algorithms intuitively. This book covers structural and organizational considerations for making a data science team. The book helps recommend the use of optimal data science organization structure based on the company's level of development. Finally, the book explains data science's effects on businesses by assisting technological leaders. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN ● Learn the entire data science lifecycle and become fluent in each phase. ● Discover the world of supervised and unsupervised learning applications and structured and unstructured datasets. ● Discuss NLP's function, its potential, and the application of well-known methods like BERT and GPT3. ● Explain practical applications like automatic captioning, machine translation, and emotion recognition. ● Provide a framework for evaluating your team's data science skills and resources. WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR Startups, investors, small businesses, product management teams, CxO and all developing businesses desiring to leverage a data science team to gain the most from this book. The book also discusses the potential of practical applications of machine learning and AI for the future of businesses in banking and e-commerce. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Data-Driven Decisions from Beginning to Now 2. Data Science Life Cycle —Part 1 3. Data Science Life Cycle —Part 2 4. Deep Dive into AI 5. Applying AI with Structured Data—Banking 6. Applying AI with Structured Data 7. Applying AI with Structured Data—On-Demand Deliveries 8. AI in Natural Language Processing 9. Bringing It All Together
In the history of ideas, the aesthetic categories of the sublime and the grotesque have exerted a powerful force over the cultural imagination. Ambiguous Subjects is one of the first studies to examine the relationship between these concepts. Tracing the history of the sublime from the eighteenth century through Burke and Kant, Wawrzinek illustrates the ways in which the sublime has traditionally been privileged as an inherently masculine and imperialist mode of experience that polices and abjects the grotesque to the margins of acceptable discourse, and the way in which twentieth-century reconfigurations of the sublime increasingly enable the productive situating of these concepts within a dialogic relation as a means of instating an ethical relation to others. This book examines the articulations of both the sublime and the grotesque in three postmodern texts. Looking at novels by Nicole Brossard and Morgan Yasbincek, and the performance work of The Women’s Circus, Wawrzinek illuminates the ways in which these writers and performers restructure the spatial and temporal parameters of the sublime in order to allow various forms of highly contingent transcendence that always necessarily remain in relation to the grotesque body. Ambiguous Subjects illustrates how the sublime and the grotesque can co-exist in a manner where each depends on and is inflected through the other, thus enabling a notion of individuality and of community as contingent, but nevertheless very real, moments in time. Ambiguous Subjects is essential reading for anyone interested in aesthetics, continental philosophy, gender studies, literary theory, sociology and politics.
This book, the English version of La traduction aujourd'hui (Hachette 1994), describes the interpretive theory of translation developed at the Paris Ecole Supérieure d'Interprètes et de Traducteurs (ESIT) over the last 35 years. The theory identifies the mental and cognitive processes involved in both oral and written translation: understanding the text, deverbalizing its language, re-expressing sense. For the purposes of translation, languages are a means of transmitting sense, they are not to be translated as such. Although translation involves the use of correspondences, translators generally set up equivalence between text segments. The synecdochic nature of both languages and texts, a phenomenon discussed in the book, explains why translation is possible across language differences. The many practical problems faced by translators, the difference between translation exercises used as a language teaching tool and professional translation, translating into a foreign language, and machine translation as compared to human translation are also discussed.
Thomas Pynchon and the Digital Humanities by Erik Ketzan Pdf
Thomas Pynchon's style has dazzled and bewildered readers and critics since the 1960s, and this book employs computational methods from the digital humanities to reveal heretofore unknown stylistic trends over the course of Pynchon's career, as well as challenge critical assumptions regarding foregrounded and supposedly “Pynchonesque” stylistic features: ambiguity/vagueness, acronyms, ellipsis marks, profanity, and archaic stylistics in Mason & Dixon. As the first book-length stylistic or computational stylistic examination of Pynchon's oeuvre, Thomas Pynchon and the Digital Humanities provides a groundwork of stylistic experiments and interpretations, with over 60 graphs and tables, presented in a manner in which both technical and non-technical audiences may follow.
Ambiguity in »Star Wars« and »Harry Potter« by Christina Flotmann Pdf
The study combines theories of myth, popular culture, structuralism and poststructuralism to explain the enormous appeal of »Star Wars« and »Harry Potter«. Although much research already exists on both stories individually, this book is the first to explicitly bring them together in order to explore their set-up and the ways in which their structures help produce ideologies on gender and ethnicity. Hereby, the comparison yields central insights into the workings of modern myth and uncovers structure as integral to the success of the popular genre. It addresses academic audiences and all those wishing to approach the tales from a fresh angle.