An Assessment Of The Department Of Defense Strategy For Operating In Cyberspace
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Thomas M. Chen,Strategic Studies Institute,U. S. Army War College
Author : Thomas M. Chen,Strategic Studies Institute,U. S. Army War College Publisher : Lulu.com Page : 58 pages File Size : 50,5 Mb Release : 2014-02 Category : Education ISBN : 1304868710
An Assessment of the Department of Defense Strategy for Operating in Cyberspace by Thomas M. Chen,Strategic Studies Institute,U. S. Army War College Pdf
In July 2011, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) issued the DoD Strategy for Operating in Cyberspace, which outlines five strategic initiatives: 1) Treat cyberspace as another operational domain; 2) Employ new defense operating concepts to pro--tect DoD networks; 3) Partner with other U.S. government agencies and the private sector; 4) Build relationships with U.S. allies and interna--tional partners to strengthen cyber security; and, 5). Leverage the national intellect and capabilities through cyber workforce training and rapid techno--logical innovation. First, the monograph explores the evolution of cyberspace strategy through a series of government publications leading up to the DoD Strategy for Operating in Cyber--space. It is seen that, although each strategy has differ--ent emphases on ideas, some major themes recur. Second, each strategic initiative is elaborated and critiqued in terms of significance, novelty, and practicality. Third, the monograph critiques the DoD Strategy as a whole.
An Assessment of the Department of Defense Strategy for Operating in Cyberspace by Thomas M. Chen Pdf
In July 2011, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) issued the DoD Strategy for Operating in Cyberspace, which outlines five strategic initiatives: 1) Treat cyberspace as another operational domain; 2) Employ new defense operating concepts to protect DoD networks; 3) Partner with other U.S. Government agencies and the private sector; 4) Build relationships with U.S. allies and international partners to strengthen cyber security; and, 5) Leverage national intellect and capabilities through cyber workforce training and rapid technological innovation. First, the monograph explores the evolution of cyberspace strategy through a series of government publications leading up to the DoD Strategy for Operating in Cyberspace. It is seen that, although each strategy has different emphases on ideas, some major themes recur. Second, each strategic initiative is elaborated and critiqued in terms of significance, novelty, and practicality. Third, the monograph critiques the DoD Strategy as a whole. Is it comprehensive and adequate to maintain U.S. superiority in cyberspace against a rapidly changing threat landscape? Shortcomings in the strategy are identified, and recommendations are made for improvement in future versions of the strategy.
Department of Defense Strategy for Operating in Cyberspace by Department of Defense,United States. Department of Defense Pdf
Along with the rest of the U.S. government, the Department of Defense (DoD) depends on cyberspace to function. DoD operates over 15,000 networks and seven million computing devices across hundreds of installations in dozens of countries around the globe. DoD uses cyberspace to enable its military, intelligence, and business operations, including the movement of personnel and material and the command and control of the full spectrum of military operations. The Department and the nation have vulnerabilities in cyberspace. Our reliance on cyberspace stands in stark contrast to the inadequacy of our cybersecurity -- the security of the technologies that we use each day. Moreover, the continuing growth of networked systems, devices, and platforms means that cyberspace is embedded into an increasing number of capabilities upon which DoD relies to complete its mission. Today, many foreign nations are working to exploit DoD unclassified and classified networks, and some foreign intelligence organizations have already acquired the capacity to disrupt elements of DoD's information infrastructure. Moreover, non-state actors increasingly threaten to penetrate and disrupt DoD networks and systems. DoD, working with its interagency and international partners, seeks to mitigate the risks posed to U.S. and allied cyberspace capabilities, while protecting and respecting the principles of privacy and civil liberties, free expression, and innovation that have made cyberspace an integral part of U.S. prosperity and security. How the Department leverages the opportunities of cyberspace, while managing inherent uncertainties and reducing vulnerabilities, will significantly impact U.S. defensive readiness and national security for years to come.
Evaluation of The 2015 DoD Cyber Strategy by Jeffrey L. Caton Pdf
SUMMARYIn 2011, the Department of Defense (DoD) released its Strategy for Operating in Cyberspace, which officially recognized cyberspace as an operational domain akin to the traditional military domains of land, sea, air, and space. This monograph examines the 2015 DoD Cyber Strategy to evaluate how well its five strategic goals and associated implementation objectives define an actionable strategy to achieve three primary mis-sions in cyberspace: defend the DoD network, defend the United States and its interests, and develop cyber capabilities to support military operations. The topic of U.S. Federal cyberspace activities is well-documented in many sources, thus this mono-graph serves as a primer to provide senior policy-makers, decision makers, military leaders, and their respective staffs with an overall appreciation for the complexities, challenges, opportunities, and risks asso-ciated with the development of military cyberspace operations. This report is limited to unclassified and open source information; any classified discussion must occur at another venue. This monograph focuses on events and documents from the period of about 1 year before and 1 year after the 2015 strategy was released. This allows sufficient time to examine the key policies and guidance that influenced the development of the strategy, as well as follow-on activities for the impacts from the strategy. This inquiry has five major sections that utilize differ-ent frameworks of analysis to assess the strategy:1. Prima Facie Analysis: This section is by inten-tion only a superficial overview of the strategy. It explores the strategy and its public face as presented by DoD and addresses: What is the stated purpose of the strategy? What are its con-tent and key messages?2. Historical Context Analysis: The official roots of the DoD cyber strategy go back more than a decade, and this section reviews the docu-ment's contents within the context of other key historical national defense guidance. The sec-tion focuses on two questions: Is this strategy consistent with previous strategies and current policies? What unique contributions does it introduce into the evolution of national security cyberspace activities?3. Traditional Strategy Analysis: This section eval-uates eight specific premises for good strategies that include the familiar elements of ends, ways, means, and risk. It also addresses three ques-tions: Does the strategy properly address spe-cific DoD needs as well as broader U.S. ends? Is the strategy appropriate and actionable? How may joint combatant commanders view the strategy?4. Analysis of Subsequent DoD Action: This section explores the DoD cyber strategy's connections and influences to DoD guidance that followed its release. It will focus on two questions: How are major military cyberspace components--joint and Service--planning to implement the goals and objectives of the DoD cyber strategy? What plans has the Army put in place to sup-port the strategy?5. Whole of U.S. Government Analysis: This sec-tion examines DoD cyber activities from the per-spective of a whole-of-government approach to national cybersecurity. This analysis focuses on two questions: Does the strategy support U.S. Executive direction? Does the strategy inte-grate with other the cyberspace-related activi-ties of other U.S. Government departments and agencies?This monograph concludes with a section that inte-grates the individual section findings and offers rec-ommendations to improve future cyberspace strategic planning documents.
Cyber Operations in Dod Policy and Plans by Congressional Research Service Pdf
Cyberspace is defined by the Department of Defense as a global domain consisting of the interdependent networks of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers. Attacks in cyberspace have seemingly been on the rise in recent years with a variety of participating actors and methods. As the United States has grown more reliant on information technology and networked critical infrastructure components, many questions arise about whether the nation is properly organized to defend its digital strategic assets. Cyberspace integrates the operation of critical infrastructures, as well as commerce, government, and national security. Because cyberspace transcends geographic boundaries, much of it is outside the reach of U.S. control and influence. The Department of Homeland Security is the lead federal agency responsible for securing the nation's non-security related digital assets. The Department of Defense also plays a role in defense of cyberspace. The National Military Strategy for Cyberspace Operations instructs DOD to support the DHS, as the lead federal agency, in national incident response and support to other departments and agencies in critical infrastructure and key resources protection. DOD is responsible for defensive operations on its own information networks as well as the sector-specific agency for the defense of the Defense Industrial Base. Multiple strategy documents and directives guide the conduct of military operations in cyberspace, sometimes referred to as cyberwarfare, as well as the delineation of roles and responsibilities for national cybersecurity. Nonetheless, the overarching defense strategy for securing cyberspace is vague and evolving. This report presents an overview of the threat landscape in cyberspace, including the types of offensive weapons available, the targets they are designed to attack, and the types of actors carrying out the attacks. It presents a picture of what kinds of offensive and defensive tools exist and a brief overview of recent attacks. The report then describes the current status of U.S. capabilities, and the national and international authorities under which the U.S. Department of Defense carries out cyber operations. Of particular interest for policy makers are questions raised by the tension between legal authorities codified at 10 U.S.C., which authorizes U.S. Cyber Command to initiate computer network attacks, and those stated at 50 U.S.C., which enables the National Security Agency to manipulate and extrapolate intelligence data—a tension that Presidential Policy Directive 20 on U.S. Cyber Operations Policy manages by clarifying the Pentagon's rules of engagement for cyberspace. With the task of defending the nation from cyberattack, the lines of command, jurisdiction, and authorities may be blurred as they apply to offensive and defensive cyberspace operations. A closely related issue is whether U.S. Cyber Command should remain a sub-unified command under U.S. Strategic Command that shares assets and its commander with the NSA. Additionally, the unique nature of cyberspace raises new jurisdictional issues as U.S. Cyber Command organizes, trains, and equips its forces to protect the networks that undergird critical infrastructure. International law governing cyberspace operations is evolving, and may have gaps for determining the rules of cyberwarfare, what constitutes an “armed attack” or “use of force” in cyberspace, and what treaty obligations may be invoked.
Analysis of Department of Defense Social Media Policy and Its Impact on Operational Security - Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT), Terrorism by U. S. Military,Department of Defense (DoD),U. S. Government Pdf
This unique book analyzes current DOD social media policy to determine how it can be changed to improve operational security. The emergence and rapid adoption of social media by society has forced the Department of Defense (DOD) to adapt, and ultimately develop and incorporate, social media policy into its cybersecurity strategy. While social media has influenced DOD strategy, it has also had a direct impact on the organization's operational security (OPSEC). DOD personnel using social media represent a potential OPSEC risk through the various ways and means in which they utilize social-networking platforms. In 2009, the DOD responded to this risk, in part, with a policy to regulate the use of social media. This project analyzes current DOD social media policy to determine how it can be changed to improve OPSEC. To address this issue, DOD social media policies from Army Cyber Command, Air Force Cyber Command, Fleet Cyber Command, and Marine Force Cyber Command were analyzed by performing an in-depth review and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis. CHAPTER I * INTRODUCTION * A. SOCIAL MEDIA AS A STRATEGIC RESOURCE * B. BACKGROUND * C. PURPOSE * D. RESEARCH QUESTIONS * E. SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY * F. ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY * CHAPTER II * STRATEGIES AND POLICIES * A. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY * B. NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY * C. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STRATEGY * 1. Strategic Initiative I * 2. Strategic Initiative II * 3. Strategic Initiative III * 4. Strategic Initiative IV * 5. Strategic Initiative V * D. SOCIAL MEDIA POLICIES * 1. U.S. Strategic Command * 2. DOD Service Policies * CHAPTER III * METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS * A. METHODOLOGY * B. ANALYSIS * CHAPTER IV * FINDINGS, SUMMARY, AND RECOMMENDATIONS * A. FINDINGS * B. SUMMARY * 1. Strengths * 2. Weaknesses * 3. Opportunities * 4. Threats * C. RECOMMENDATIONS * 1. Guidance * 2. Oversight * 3. Training * D. AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
North Korea's Cyber Operations by Jenny Jun,Scott LaFoy,Ethan Sohn Pdf
This report presents an open source analysis of North Korea’s cyber operations capabilities and its strategic implications for the United States and South Korea. The purpose is to mitigate the current knowledge gap among various academic and policy communities on the topic by synthesizing authoritative and comprehensive open source reference material. The report is divided into three chapters, the first chapter examining North Korea’s cyber strategy. The authors then provide an assessment of North Korea’s cyber operations capabilities by examining the organizational structure, history, and functions of North Korea’s cyber units, their supporting educational training and technology base, and past cyber attacks widely attributed to North Korea. This assessment is followed by a discussion on policy implications for U.S. and ROK policymakers and the larger security community.
The Army Role in Achieving Deterrence in Cyberspace by Jeffrey L. Caton Pdf
In 2015, the Department of Defense (DoD) released the DoD Cyber Strategy which explicitly calls for a comprehensive strategy to provide credible deterrence in cyberspace against threats from key state and nonstate actors. To be effective, such activities must be coordinated with ongoing deterrence efforts in the physical realm, especially those of near-peers impacting critical global regions such as China in the Asia-Pacific region and Russia in Europe. It is important for the U.S. Army to identify and plan for any unique roles that they may provide to these endeavors. This study explores the evolving concept of deterrence in cyberspace in three major areas: - First, the monograph addresses the question: What is the current U.S. deterrence posture for cyberspace? The discussion includes an assessment of relevant current national and DoD policies and concepts as well as an examination of key issues for cyber deterrence found in professional literature.- Second, it examines the question: What are the Army's roles in cyberspace deterrence? This section provides background information on how Army cyber forces operate and examines the potential contributions of these forces to the deterrence efforts in cyberspace as well as in the broader context of strategic deterrence. The section also addresses how the priority of these contributions may change with escalating levels of conflict.- Third, the monograph provides recommendations for changing or adapting the DoD and Army responsibilities to better define and implement the evolving concepts and actions supporting deterrence in the dynamic domain of cyberspace.
Cyberpower and National Security by Franklin D. Kramer,Stuart H. Starr,Larry K. Wentz Pdf
This book creates a framework for understanding and using cyberpower in support of national security. Cyberspace and cyberpower are now critical elements of international security. United States needs a national policy which employs cyberpower to support its national security interests.
Author : Strategic Studies Institute (U S ) Publisher : Department of the Army Page : 111 pages File Size : 48,8 Mb Release : 2016-06-29 Category : Computers ISBN : 1584877286
NATO Cyberspace Capability by Strategic Studies Institute (U S ) Pdf
The development of cyberspace defense capabilities for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been making steady progress since its formal introduction at the North Atlantic Council Prague Summit in 2002. Bolstered by numerous cyber attacks, such as those in Estonia (2007), Alliance priorities were formalized in subsequent NATO cyber defense policies adopted in 2008, 2011, and 2014. This monograph examines the past and current state of cyberspace defense efforts in NATO to assess the appropriateness and sufficiency to address anticipated threats to member countries, including the United States. The analysis focuses on the recent history of cyberspace defense efforts in NATO and how changes in strategy and policy of NATO writ large embrace the emerging nature of cyberspace for military forces as well as other elements of power. It first examines the recent evolution of strategic foundations of NATO cyber activities, policies, and governance as they evolved over the past 13 years. Next, it outlines the major NATO cyber defense mission areas, which include NATO network protection, shared situational awareness in cyberspace, critical infrastructure protection, counter-terrorism, support to member country cyber capability development, and response to crises related to cyberspace. Finally, it discusses several key issues for the new Enhanced Cyber Defence Policy that affirms the role that NATO cyber defense contributes to the mission of collective defense and embraces the notion that a cyber attack may lead to the invocation of Article 5 actions for the Alliance. The monograph concludes with a summary of the main findings from the discussion of NATO cyberspace capabilities and a brief examination of the implications for Department of Defense and Army forces in Europe. Topics include the roles and evolution of doctrine, deterrence, training, and exercise programs, cooperation with industry, and legal standards. Related products: Distinguishing Acts of War in Cyberspace: Assessment Criteria, Policy Considerations, and Response Implications is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01128-1 Legality in Cyberspace: An Adversary View is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01108-7 Cyber Defense: An International View is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01194-0 Convergence: Illicit Networks and National Security in the Age of Globalization can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/search/apachesolr_search/Convergence
Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on various topics relating to the worldwide effort to combat terrorism, as well as efforts by the United States and other nations to protect their national security interests. Volume 140, The Cyber Threat considers U.S. policy in relation to cybersecurity and cyberterrorism, and examines opposing views on cybersecurity and international law by nations such as Russia and China. The documents in this volume include testimony of FBI officials before Congressional committees, as well as detailed reports from the Strategic Studies Institute/U.S. Army War College Press and from the Congressional Research Service. The detailed studies in this volume tackling the core issues of cybersecurity and cyberterrorism include: Legality in Cyberspace; An Adversary View and Distinguishing Acts of War in Cyberspace; and Assessment Criteria, Policy Considerations, and Response Implications.
