Analyzing Markets For Health Workers

Author : Barbara McPake,Anthony Scott,Ijeoma Edoka
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2014-07-17
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1306957257

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Analyzing Markets for Health Workers by Barbara McPake,Anthony Scott,Ijeoma Edoka Pdf

This publication is part of the Banks multiyear program to enhance its knowledge of HRH policies. The programs ultimate objective is to strengthen knowledge and capacity to collect evidence, analyze, and evaluate the effectiveness of HRH interventions in the context of a countrys health system strengthening strategy. It specifically addresses the theoretical and empirical evidence on health labor markets in low- and middle-income countries. Health labor market analysis has much to contribute to resolving globally widespread HRH problems, and their continuing neglect provides some explanation for their persistence. Policy makers in countries promulgating or refining strategies for achieving universal health coverage will find it important to understand how key elements in their health labor market are likely to interact and how these interactions could helpor hinderprogress toward universal health coverage. These interactions are complex and multidimensional, and this publication highlights some areas where forces in the health labor market matter most.The purpose of this publication is to provide an overview of the key issues when attempting to apply economics to the analysis of health workers labor markets. Though much has been written and planned about health human resources, a major weakness with most of this analysis is that it does not use an economic perspective. The use of an explicit economic framework applied by trained economists moves the focus away from simplistic but costly policy responses such as training more doctors and nurses, toward understanding more carefully the role of incentives, productivity, and the distribution of health workers. The health workforce is but one part of the health system and a focus of analysis on only the health workforce is insufficient to be able to determine the optimal number of health workers. Market forces cannot be relied upon to solve health worker shortages or mal-distribution, due to well recognized market failures in health care. This also has implications for how labor economics and labor market analysis can be applied and used successfully in the health care sector.

Author : Barbara McPake,Anthony Scott,Ijeoma Edoka
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 99 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464802256

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Analyzing Markets for Health Workers by Barbara McPake,Anthony Scott,Ijeoma Edoka Pdf

Achieving universal health care requires understanding health labor markets dynamics to overcome constaints in human resources for health. This book helps to understand how key elements in health labor markets interact and how these interactions can help or hinder significant progress in health care coverage.

Author : Richard M. Scheffler,Christopher H. Herbst,Christophe Lemiere,Jim Campbell
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2016-10-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464809323

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Health Labor Market Analyses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries by Richard M. Scheffler,Christopher H. Herbst,Christophe Lemiere,Jim Campbell Pdf

This book, produced jointly by the World Bank, the University of California, Berkeley, and the WHO, aims to provide decision-makers at sub-national, national, regional and global levels with additional insights into how to address their workforce challenges rather than describe them. In order to optimize and align HRH investments and develop targeted policy responses, a thorough understanding of unique, country-specific labor market dynamics and determinants of these dynamics is critical. Policies need to take into account the fact that workers are economic actors, responsive to different levels of compensation and opportunities to generate revenue found in different sub-labor markets. Policies need to take into account the behavioral characteristics of the individuals who provide health care, but also the individuals who consume health care services and the institutions that employ health personnel. In other words, it is necessary to understand the determinants of both the supply (numbers of health workers willing to work in the health sector) and the demand for health workers (resources available to hire health workers), how these interact, and how this interaction varies in different contexts. This interaction will determine the availability of health personnel, their distribution as well as their performance levels, thus ensuring stronger health systems capable to deliver universal health coverage. The book is structured to be of use to researchers, planners, and economists who are tasked with analyzing key areas of health labor markets, including overall labor market assessments as well as and more narrow and targeted analyses of demand and supply (including production and migration), performance, and remuneration of health workers. The chapters, written by a number of internationally renowned experts on Human Resources for Health, discuss data sources and empirical tools that can be used to assess health labor markets across high-, middle- or low-income countries, but draws primarily from examples and case-studies in LMICs.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2021-11-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240035546

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Health labour market analysis guidebook by Anonim Pdf

Author : Christophe Lemiere,Christopher Herbst,Negda Jahanshahi,Ellen Smith,Agnes Soucat
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2010-12-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 082138600X

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Reducing Geographical Imbalances of Health Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa by Christophe Lemiere,Christopher Herbst,Negda Jahanshahi,Ellen Smith,Agnes Soucat Pdf

The human resources crisis in the health sector has been gathering attention on the global stage. To date, however, most of this attention has focused on shortages of health human resources (HRH) at the national level. At least as important are problems at the sub-national level. Massive geographic and skill mix imbalances are reflected in the perilous undersupply of HRH in most rural areas. Virtually all Sub-Saharan African countries suffer from significant geographic imbalances. Very little substantive information or documentation exists on the problem. Even less is known about the lessons from policies aimed at addressing urban-rural human resource imbalances, let alone experiences of Sub-Saharan Africa countries, with such policies. There also appears to be a disconnect between the objectives and efforts of policymakers on the one hand and the functioning of national health labor markets and labor market behavior on the other hand. This disconnect hinders policy effectiveness and the efficient utilization of resources intended to narrow urban-rural inequities. In Sub-Saharan Africa government policies, often limited to the management of public sector vacancies, appear to be elaborated, prescribed, and implemented independently of labor market considerations. Partly as a result, they are unable to effectively address urban-rural imbalances, which are an outcome of labor market dynamics. This report discusses and analyzes labor market dynamics and outcomes (including unemployment, worker shortages, and urban-rural imbalances of categories of health workers) from a labor economics perspective. It then use insights from this perspective as a basis for elaborating policy options that incorporate the underlying labor market forces. The goal of the study is to address undesirable outcomes (including urban-rural HRH imbalances) more effectively. The book is thus suitable for researchers, policy analysts and policy makers with an interest in understanding and improving the allocation of human resources for health in the developing world.

Author : Agnes Soucat,Richard Scheffler,Tedros Ghebreyesus
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821395585

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The Labor Market for Health Workers in Africa by Agnes Soucat,Richard Scheffler,Tedros Ghebreyesus Pdf

Sub-Saharan Africa has only 12 percent of the global population, yet this region accounts for 50 percent of child deaths, more than 60 percent of maternal deaths, 85 percent of malaria cases, and close to 67 percent of people living with HIV. Sub-Saharan Africa, however, has the lowest number of health workers in the world-significantly fewer than in South Asia, which is at a comparable level of economic development. The Labor Market for Health Workers in Africa uses the analytical tools of labor markets to examine the human resource crisis in health from an economic perspective. Africa's labor markets are complex, with resources coming from governments, donors, the private sector, and households. Low numbers of health workers and poor understanding of labor market dynamics are major impediments to improving health service delivery. Yet some countries in the region have developed innovative solutions with new approaches to creating a robust health workforce that can respond to the continent's health challenges. As Africa grows economically, the invaluable lessons in this book can help build tomorrow's African health systems.

Author : Solomon W. Polachek,Konstantinos Tatsiramos
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019-07-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781789738612

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Health and Labor Markets by Solomon W. Polachek,Konstantinos Tatsiramos Pdf

This volume investigates the relationship between a nation's health policies, employee health, and the resulting labor market outcomes. Containing nine original and innovative articles, it is a fundamental text for anyone interested in labor economics.

Author : Barbara McPake,Allison Squires,Mahat Agya,Edson Araujo
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2015-10-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464806179

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The Economics of Health Professional Education and Careers by Barbara McPake,Allison Squires,Mahat Agya,Edson Araujo Pdf

The formation of health professionals is critical for the health system to function and to achieve its universal health coverage (UHC) goals, and this is well recognized by the majority of governments that plan to ensure enough training places and aim to regulate in order to ensure quality. But the importance of market forces is often overlooked, resulting in interventions and regulations that often fail to achieve their intended effects. This publication aims to inform the design of health professionals' education policies to better manage health labor market forces toward UHC. It documents what is known about the influence of market forces on the health-professional formation process. The report sought to answer the following questions: - What have been the large global and regional trends in the development of health professions? - How have these trends affected the career decisions of current and potential health professionals? - What is the evidence base on the value and effectiveness of health professional education of different types? - How has the market for health professional education evolved, and with what interrelationships with the health labor and health care markets? The contexts of the market for health professional training have been subject to important changes in recent decades, in particular: the growing extent of employment of mid-level cadres of health professionals; changes in technology and the associated growth of high skilled occupations; the increasing interconnectedness of national health systems through globalization, with its implications for international health professional mobility; and the greater complexity of the public-private mix in employment options. There is a need to ensure that market forces align with the intentions of planning and regulation and the needs of UHC goals. This publication provides recommendations to support the design of policies that help to achieve these.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science Education,Board on Higher Education and Workforce,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Committee on the Supply Chain for Middle-Skill Jobs: Education, Training, and Certification Pathways
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2017-06-04
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309440066

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Building America's Skilled Technical Workforce by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science Education,Board on Higher Education and Workforce,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Committee on the Supply Chain for Middle-Skill Jobs: Education, Training, and Certification Pathways Pdf

Skilled technical occupationsâ€"defined as occupations that require a high level of knowledge in a technical domain but do not require a bachelor's degree for entryâ€"are a key component of the U.S. economy. In response to globalization and advances in science and technology, American firms are demanding workers with greater proficiency in literacy and numeracy, as well as strong interpersonal, technical, and problem-solving skills. However, employer surveys and industry and government reports have raised concerns that the nation may not have an adequate supply of skilled technical workers to achieve its competitiveness and economic growth objectives. In response to the broader need for policy information and advice, Building America's Skilled Technical Workforce examines the coverage, effectiveness, flexibility, and coordination of the policies and various programs that prepare Americans for skilled technical jobs. This report provides action-oriented recommendations for improving the American system of technical education, training, and certification.

Author : Carmen Carpio,Natalia Santiago Bench
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2015-06-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464805950

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The Health Workforce in Latin America and the Caribbean by Carmen Carpio,Natalia Santiago Bench Pdf

This report provides a status update on the human resources for health (HRH) sub-system in six Latin American and Caribbean countries: Colombia, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Panama, Peru, and Uruguay. The report structures its discussion around how the health workforce is financed, organized, managed, regulated, and performing. In the area of financing, the study presents the variety of contracting mechanisms, salary levels, and financial incentives offered across the countries and their role in being able to attract and retain health workers. On the organization of the HRH sub-system, the report looks at the skill-mix, training, and distribution of health care workers concluding that although the countries have made progress towards achieving key HRH targets and in making education more accessible, there continues to be limited absorption capacity for graduates, the Primary Health Care focus of training programs needs to be strengthened, and strategies to encourage rural service have not been able to fully address the gap in the distribution of health workers. In reviewing management strategies for HRH, the report presents how all countries have adopted the WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel to recognize foreign-trained professionals to help address shortages and fill gaps of health worker presence in rural, remote areas. However, the countries continue to struggle with putting self-sufficiency policies in place to meet HRH needs such as the lack of promotion plans, limited non-monetary incentives, and the shortage of personnel for recruitment and eventual placement. In the area of regulation, the report presents the countries' efforts to reduce precarious employment and introduce HRH safety policies and legislation to regulate disputes and negotiations. On performance, the report found mixed results in the areas of access/availability to health workers and quality of care, factors discouraging dual practice, and unjustified absenteeism of health workers.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2023-01-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240058712

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Strengthening the collection, analysis and use of health workforce data and information by World Health Organization Pdf

This handbook is an essential resource which brings into focus key advances, challenges and lessons learned in strengthening human resources for health (HRH) data and evidence as a strategic objective of implementing the Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health: Workforce 2030, the recommendations of the United Nations Secretary-General High-level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth, and in the achievement of the WHO Thirteenth General Programme of Work (2019–2023 (GPW 13) targets, for a measurable impact on population health and development. Divided into three parts, the handbook presents the complementarity between WHO Health Labour Market Analysis Guidebook and WHO handbook on national health workforce accounts (NHWA) system strengthening approach to improving the availability, quality, analysis, dissemination and use of health workforce data and evidence to inform decision-making and planning in countries. It also features the committed country efforts, catalysed by networks and partner investments, in strengthening HRH information systems and their growing success in implementing NHWA and other WHO normative tools. Contributed by the six technical working groups of the Global Health Workforce Network (GHWN) Data and Evidence hub, the handbook is aimed at HRH policy-makers and planners, to provide contemporary insight on data sources and information needs to address policy questions around health workforce development, and as part of the broader intersectoral agenda to strengthening health systems resilience.

Author : Christopher H. Herbst,World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780821387627

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The Human Resources for Health Crisis in Zambia by Christopher H. Herbst,World Bank Pdf

This report compiles recent evidence on the Zambian health labor market and provides some baseline information on human resources for health (HRH) to help the government address its HRH challenges. Rather than focusing on making policy recommendations, the report is designed to be a source book to benefit and fuel discussions related to HRH in Zambia. Most of the data presented in the report covers the period 2005-08. The report analyzes the national health labor market to better understand the available evidence related to the stock, distribution, and performance of HRH in Zambia (that is, the HRH outcomes). It aims to explain those HRH outcomes by mapping, assessing, and analyzing pre-service education and labor market dynamics, that is, the flow of health workers into, within, and out of the health labor market, as well as the core factors influencing these dynamics. Finally, this report examines the issue of access and equity of HRH. It finds that even if health workers are available, in either urban or rural areas, and performing adequately, the wealthy in Zambia have better access to services than the poor. This situation is found in most if not all other countries. The report finds that as far as access to health workers is concerned, the poor generally loose out. It also reveals that even if health workers are available, wealthier segments of the population often continue to have better access to health workers than poorer segments. Wealthier women have the highest probability of receiving any antenatal care. There is an even steeper pro-rich gradient in delivery attendance in Zambia. In contrast to antenatal care, there is little variation across socioeconomic quintiles among those seeking medical treatment for children with diarrhea or cough and fever. The poor are slightly more likely to be visited by a health worker and receive certain services during visits. The factors linked to these variations in use of services remain to be examined (they could be linked to expense, fear of receiving care from an individual belonging to a higher social stratum, or different gender, and so forth). Either way, they should be taken into consideration when planning to improve access for the poor to health care services and providers.

Author : Frits Tjadens,Caren Weilandt,Josef Eckert
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2012-11-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642340536

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Mobility of Health Professionals by Frits Tjadens,Caren Weilandt,Josef Eckert Pdf

This book on mobility of health professionals reviews, analyses and summarises published information and data as well as collected interview data from stake holders, including politicians, policy makers, health service managers and migrant health workers. It is based on the research carried out under the umbrella of the EU-funded project “Mobility of Health Professionals (MoHProf). The partners involved in the MoHProf project gathered evidence from 25 countries around basic questions and knowledge gaps relating to the international migration of health professionals, which involved an analysis of migration flows and evaluation of policies addressing migration. This book provides a comprehensive description and analysis of the mobility streams, the motives and driving forces behind them and the impact on and challenges for health systems and draws conclusions and provides recommendations for future strategic planning, monitoring and the management of mobility of health professionals as well as further research and policy development needs.

Author : Christopher Herbst,Negda Jahanshahi,Ellen Smith,Agnest Souca
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:747084056

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Reducing Geographical Imbalances of Health Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa by Christopher Herbst,Negda Jahanshahi,Ellen Smith,Agnest Souca Pdf

The human resources crisis in the health sector has been gathering attention on the global stage. To date, however, most of this attention has focused on shortages of health human resources (HRH) at the national level. At least as important are problems at the sub-national level. Massive geographic and skill mix imbalances are reflected in the perilous undersupply of HRH in most rural areas. Virtually all Sub-Saharan African countries suffer from significant geographic imbalances. Very little substantive information or documentation exists on the problem. Even less is known about the lessons from policies aimed at addressing urban-rural human resource imbalances, let alone experiences of Sub-Saharan Africa countries, with such policies. There also appears to be a disconnect between the objectives and efforts of policymakers on the one hand and the functioning of national health labor markets and labor market behavior on the other hand. This disconnect hinders policy effectiveness and the efficient utilization of resources intended to narrow urban-rural inequities. In Sub-Saharan Africa government policies, often limited to the management of public sector vacancies, appear to be elaborated, prescribed, and implemented independently of labor market considerations. Partly as a result, they are unable to effectively address urban-rural imbalances, which are an outcome of labor market dynamics. This report discusses and analyzes labor market dynamics and outcomes (including unemployment, worker shortages, and urban-rural imbalances of categories of health workers) from a labor economics perspective. It then use insights from this perspective as a basis for elaborating policy options that incorporate the underlying labor market forces. The goal of the study is to address undesirable outcomes (including urban-rural HRH imbalances) more effectively. The book is thus suitable for researchers, policy analysts and policy makers with an interest in understanding and improving the allocation of human resources for health in the developing world.

Author : Eric N. Berkowitz,Louis G. Pol,Richard K. Thomas
Publisher : Irwin Professional Publishing
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Marketing research
ISBN : 1557386420

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Healthcare Market Research by Eric N. Berkowitz,Louis G. Pol,Richard K. Thomas Pdf

Healthcare Marketing Research is a "how-to" guide for professionals who want practical tools to create a successful market research project. Writing from the healthcare researcher's perspective, the authors provide guidelines for understanding and performing market research through a broad range of analytical techniques and numerous examples of how to apply these techniques. Let Healtcare Marketing Research be your guide, showing you how to identify, evaluate and compare your market; how to use primary and secondary data; how to conduct market research using samples from today's health care environment; how to analyze your market's demographics; and how to measure demand and create utilization estimates.