Anaphora And Definite Descriptions

Author : Jaakko Hintikka,J. Kulas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789400954106

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Anaphora and Definite Descriptions by Jaakko Hintikka,J. Kulas Pdf

I n order to appreciate properly what we are doing in this book it is necessary to realize that our approach to linguistic theorizing differs from the prevailing views. Our approach can be described by indicating what distinguishes it from the methodological ideas current in theoretical linguistics, which I consider seriously misguided. Linguists typically construe their task in these days as that of making exceptionless generalizations from particular examples. This explanatory strategy is wrong in several different ways. It presupposes that we can have "intuitions" about particular examples, usually examples invented by the linguist himself or herself, reliable and sharp enough to serve as a basis of sharp generalizations. It also presupposes that we cannot have equally reliable direct access to general linguistic regularities. Both assumptions appear to me extremely dubious, and the first of them has in effect been challenged by linguists like Dwight Bol inger. There is also some evidence that the degree of unanimity among linguists is fairly low when it comes to less clear cases, even in connection with such relatively simple questions as grammaticality (acceptability). For this reason we have tried to rely more on quotations from contemporary fiction, newspapers and magazines than on linguists' and philosophers' ad hoc examples. I also find it strange that some of the same linguists as believe that we all possess innate ideas about general characteristics of humanly possible grammars assume that we can have access to them only via their particular consequences.

Author : Marga Reimer,Anne Bezuidenhout
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2004-07-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191515064

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Descriptions and Beyond by Marga Reimer,Anne Bezuidenhout Pdf

In 1905, Bertrand Russell published 'On Denoting' in which he proposed and defended a quantificational account of definite descriptions. Forty-five years later, in 'On Referring', Peter Strawson claimed that Russell was mistaken: definite descriptions do not function as quantifiers but (paradigmatically) as referring expressions. Ever since, scores of theorists have attempted to adjudicate this debate. Others have gone beyond the question of the proper analysis of definite descriptions, focusing instead on the complex relations between definites, indefinites, and pronouns. These relations are often examined with attention to the phenomena of scope and anaphora. This collection assembles nineteen new papers on definite descriptions and related topics. The contributors include both philosophers and linguists, many of whom have been active participants in the various debates concerning descriptions. The volume contains a brief general introduction and is divided into six sections, each of which is accompanied by a detailed introduction of its own. Several of the sections concern issues associated with the Russell/Strawson debate. These include the sections on incomplete descriptions, the referential/attributive distinction, and presupposition and truth value gaps. There is also a section on the representation of definites and indefinites in semantic theory, containing papers that reject certain core assumptions of the Russellian paradigm. Linguists interested in definites have traditionally been concerned with how such expressions interact with other expressions, including pronouns and indefinites. They have explored, and continue to explore, these interactions through the complex phenomena of scope and anaphora. In the section dealing with anaphoric pronouns and descriptions, indefinites and dynamic syntax/semantics, five linguists propose and defend their views on these and related issues. Finally, there is a section that concerns the relation between proper names and descriptions and, more particularly, the idea that some names, those introduced into the language by description, are semantically equivalent to definite descriptions.

Author : Ruslan Mitkov
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2014-02-24
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781317881810

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Anaphora Resolution by Ruslan Mitkov Pdf

Teaching computers to solve language problems is one of the major challenges of natural language processing. There is a large amount of interesting research devoted to this field. This book fills an existing gap in the literature with an up-to-date survey of the field, including the author’s own contributions. A number of different fields overlap in anaphora resolution – computational linguistics, natural language processing (NLP), grammar, semantics, pragmatics, discourse analysis and artificial intelligence. This book begins by introducing basic notions and terminology, moving onto early research methods and approaches, recent developments and applications, and future directions. It addresses various issues related to the practical implementation of anaphora systems, such as rules employed, algorithms implemented or evaluation techniques used. This is an ideal reference book for students and researchers in this particular area of computational linguistics. Since anaphora resolution is vital for the development of any practical NLP system, the book will be of interest to readers from both academia and industry.

Author : Paul Elbourne
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-27
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780191635625

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Definite Descriptions by Paul Elbourne Pdf

This book argues that definite descriptions ('the table', 'the King of France') refer to individuals, as Gottlob Frege claimed. This apparently simple conclusion flies in the face of philosophical orthodoxy, which incorporates Bertrand Russell's theory that definite descriptions are devices of quantification. Paul Elbourne presents the first fully-argued defence of the Fregean view. He builds an explicit fragment of English using a version of situation semantics. He uses intrinsic aspects of his system to account for the presupposition projection behaviour of definite descriptions, a range of modal properties, and the problem of incompleteness. At the same time, he draws on an unusually wide range of linguistic and philosophical literature, from early work by Frege, Peano, and Russell to the latest findings in linguistics, philosophy of language, and psycholinguistics. His penultimate chapter addresses the semantics of pronouns and offers a new and more radical version of his earlier thesis that they too are Fregean definite descriptions.

Author : Massimo Poesio,Roland Stuckardt,Yannick Versley
Publisher : Springer
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-04
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783662479094

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Anaphora Resolution by Massimo Poesio,Roland Stuckardt,Yannick Versley Pdf

This book lays out a path leading from the linguistic and cognitive basics, to classical rule-based and machine learning algorithms, to today’s state-of-the-art approaches, which use advanced empirically grounded techniques, automatic knowledge acquisition, and refined linguistic modeling to make a real difference in real-world applications. Anaphora and coreference resolution both refer to the process of linking textual phrases (and, consequently, the information attached to them) within as well as across sentence boundaries, and to the same discourse referent. The book offers an overview of recent research advances, focusing on practical, operational approaches and their applications. In part I (Background), it provides a general introduction, which succinctly summarizes the linguistic, cognitive, and computational foundations of anaphora processing and the key classical rule- and machine-learning-based anaphora resolution algorithms. Acknowledging the central importance of shared resources, part II (Resources) covers annotated corpora, formal evaluation, preprocessing technology, and off-the-shelf anaphora resolution systems. Part III (Algorithms) provides a thorough description of state-of-the-art anaphora resolution algorithms, covering enhanced machine learning methods as well as techniques for accomplishing important subtasks such as mention detection and acquisition of relevant knowledge. Part IV (Applications) deals with a selection of important anaphora and coreference resolution applications, discussing particular scenarios in diverse domains and distilling a best-practice model for systematically approaching new application cases. In the concluding part V (Outlook), based on a survey conducted among the contributing authors, the prospects of the research field of anaphora processing are discussed, and promising new areas of interdisciplinary cooperation and emerging application scenarios are identified. Given the book’s design, it can be used both as an accompanying text for advanced lectures in computational linguistics, natural language engineering, and computer science, and as a reference work for research and independent study. It addresses an audience that includes academic researchers, university lecturers, postgraduate students, advanced undergraduate students, industrial researchers, and software engineers.

Author : Rachel Anne Georgette Mueller
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Anaphora (Linguistics)
ISBN : UCSC:32106008239953

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Anaphora Resolution of Attributive and Referential Definite Description by Rachel Anne Georgette Mueller Pdf

Author : Simon Botley,Tony McEnery
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027222725

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Corpus-based and Computational Approaches to Discourse Anaphora by Simon Botley,Tony McEnery Pdf

Discourse anaphora is a challenging linguistic phenomenon that has given rise to research in fields as diverse as linguistics, computational linguistics and cognitive science. Because of the diversity of approaches these fields bring to the anaphora problem, the editors of this volume argue that there needs to be a synthesis, or at least a principled attempt to draw the differing strands of anaphora research together. The selected papers in this volume all contribute to the aim of synthesis and were selected to represent the growing importance of corpus-based and computational approaches to anaphora description, and to developing natural language systems for resolving anaphora in natural language.

Author : Norbert E Fuchs
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2010-07-12
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642144172

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Controlled Natural Language by Norbert E Fuchs Pdf

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the Workshop on Controlled Natural Language, CNL 2009, held in Marettimo Island, Italy, in June 2009. The 16 revised full papers presented together with 1 invited lecture were carefully reviewed and selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement from 31 initial submissions. The papers are roughly divided into the two groups language aspects and tools and applications. Note that some papers fall actually into both groups: using a controlled natural language in an application domain often requires domain-specific language features.

Author : Osvaldo Cairo,Enrique L. Sucar,Francisco J. Cantu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 750 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2006-12-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540455622

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MICAI 2000: Advances in Artificial Intelligence by Osvaldo Cairo,Enrique L. Sucar,Francisco J. Cantu Pdf

Fifty years ago, A. Turing predicted that by 2000 we would have a machine that could pass the Turing test. Although this may not yet be true, AI has advanced signi?cantly in these 50 years, and at the dawn of the XXI century is still an activeandchallenging?eld.Thisyearisalsosigni?cantforAIinMexico,withthe merging of the two major AI conferences into the biennial Mexican International Conference on Arti?cial Intelligence (MICAI) series. MICAI is the union of the Mexican National AI Conference (RNIA) and the International AI Symposium (ISAI), organized annually by the Mexican Society forAI(SMIA,since1984)andbytheMonterreyInstituteofTechnology(ITESM, since1988),respectively.The?rstMexicanInternationalConferenceonArti?cial Intelligence, MICAI 2000, took place April 11-14, 2000, in the city of Acapulco, Mexico.ThisconferenceseekstopromoteresearchinAI,andcooperationamong Mexican researchers and their peers worldwide. We welcome you all. Over 163 papers from 17 di?erent countries were submitted for consideration to MICAI 2000. After reviewing them thoroughly, MICAI’s program committee, referees, and program chair accepted 60 papers for the international track. This volume contains the written version of the papers and invited talks presented at MICAI. We would like to acknowledge the support of the American Association for Arti?cial Intelligence (AAAI), and the International Joint Conference on Art- cial Intelligence (IJCAI). We are specially grateful for the warm hospitality and generosity o?ered by the Acapulco Institute of Technology.

Author : Francis Cornish
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0198700288

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Anaphora, Discourse, and Understanding by Francis Cornish Pdf

"This was a different man," said Mr Welbecker. "Listen! This man was called Hamlet and his uncle had killed his father because he wanted to marry his mother.""What did he want to marry his mother for?" said William. "I've never heard of anyone wanting to marry their mother."*In almost any conversation the meaning of what is said depends on the listener seeing how some words refer to what has already been said, and that others must be related to the characteristics of time, place, or person of the situation around which the conversation revolves. These modes ofreference, anaphora and deixis respectively, involve surprisingly complicated cognitive and syntactic processes, which people (normally) perform easily and unerringly. But they present formidable problems for the linguist and cognitive scientist trying to explain precisely how comprehension isachieved. Anaphora and deixis are thus a central research focus in syntactic theory, while understanding and modelling their operation in discourse are important targets in computational linguistics and cognitive science. In this ambitious work, Francis Cornish sets out an original theory ofanaphora and deixis, and proposes a new and elegant theoretical model to represent the transfer of meaning in discourse.Dr Cornish considers anaphoric reference in discourse from both psychological and linguistic perspectives. He argues that anaphora and deixis are essentially parts of integrative discourse procedures that facilitate the linking of representations held in working memory. He brings together work bylinguists, formal semanticists, psychologists, and researchers in artificial intelligence, as well as drawing on his own extensive experimental work on a variety of corpora of different genres in French and English.Anaphora, Discourse, and Understanding will interest researchers and advanced students in a variety of fields within and outside linguistics, including cognitive science, artificial intelligence, syntactic theory, formal semantics, and the analysis of discourse.[* from William - The Pirate by Richmal Crompton, London, Macmillan, 1932]

Author : Alexander Gelbukh
Publisher : Springer
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2003-06-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540446866

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Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing by Alexander Gelbukh Pdf

CICLing 2001 is the second annual Conference on Intelligent text processing and Computational Linguistics (hence the name CICLing), see www.CICLing.org. It is intended to provide a balanced view of the cutting edge developments in both theoretical foundations of computational linguistics and practice of natural language text processing with its numerous applications. A feature of the CICLing conferences is their wide scope that covers nearly all areas of computational linguistics and all aspects of natural language processing applications. The conference is a forum for dialogue between the specialists working in these two areas. This year our invited speakers were Graeme Hirst (U. Toronto, Canada), Sylvain Kahane (U. Paris 7, France), and Ruslan Mitkov (U. Wolverhampton, UK). They delivered excellent extended lectures and organized vivid discussions. A total of 72 submissions were received, all but very few of surprisingly high quality. After careful reviewing, the Program Committee selected for presentation 53 of them, 41 as full papers and 12 as short papers, by 98 authors from 19 countries: Spain (19 authors), Japan (15), USA (12), France, Mexico (9 each), Sweden (6), Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Malaysia, Russia, United Arab Emirates (3 each), Argentina (2), Bulgaria, The Netherlands, Ukraine, UK, and Uruguay (1 each).

Author : Helene Schmolz
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2015-03-30
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110416817

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Anaphora Resolution and Text Retrieval by Helene Schmolz Pdf

This book covers anaphora resolution for the English language from a linguistic and computational point of view. First, a definition of anaphors that applies to linguistics as well as information technology is given. On this foundation, all types of anaphors and their characteristics for English are outlined. To examine how frequent each type of anaphor is, a corpus of different hypertexts has been established and analysed with regard to anaphors. The most frequent type are non-finite clause anaphors - a type which has never been investigated so far. Therefore, the potential of non-finite clause anaphors are further explored with respect to anaphora resolution. After presenting the fundamentals of computational anaphora resolution and its application in text retrieval, rules for resolving non-finite clause anaphors are established. Therefore, this book shows that a truly interdisciplinary approach can achieve results which would not have been possible otherwise.

Author : Johan F.A.K. van Benthem,Alice ter Meulen
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1169 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2010-12-17
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780444537270

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Handbook of Logic and Language by Johan F.A.K. van Benthem,Alice ter Meulen Pdf

The logical study of language is becoming more interdisciplinary, playing a role in fields such as computer science, artificial intelligence, cognitive science and game theory. This new edition, written by the leading experts in the field, presents an overview of the latest developments at the interface of logic and linguistics as well as a historical perspective. It is divided into three parts covering Frameworks, General Topics and Descriptive Themes. Completely revised and updated - includes over 25% new material Discusses the interface between logic and language Many of the authors are creators or active developers of the theories

Author : Paul Elbourne
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-27
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199660193

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Definite Descriptions by Paul Elbourne Pdf

Paul Elbourne defends the Fregean view that definite descriptions ('the table', 'the King of France') refer to individuals, and offers a new and radical account of the semantics of pronouns. He draws on a wide range of work, from Frege, Peano, and Russell to the latest findings in linguistics, philosophy of language, and psycholinguistics.

Author : Maria Carolina Monard
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 513 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2000-10-25
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540412762

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Advances in Artificial Intelligence by Maria Carolina Monard Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the 7th Ibero-American Conference on AI and the 15th Brazilian Symposium on AI, IBERAMIA-SBIA 2000, held in Atibaia, Brazil in November 2000. The 48 revised full papers presented together with two invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 156 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on knowledge engineering and case-based reasoning, planning and scheduling, distributed AI and multi-agent systems, AI in education and intelligent tutoring systems, knowledge representation and reasoning, machine learning and knowledge acquisition, knowledge discovery and data mining, natural language processing, robotics, computer vision, uncertainty and fuzzy systems, and genetic algorithms and neural networks.