Ancient Tiwanaku

Author : John Wayne Janusek
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2008-05-12
Category : History
ISBN : 0521816351

Get Book

Ancient Tiwanaku by John Wayne Janusek Pdf

Nearly a millennium before the Inca forged a pan-Andean empire in the South American Andes, Tiwanaku emerged as a major center of political, economic, and religious life on the mountainous southern shores of Lake Titicaca. Tiwanaku influenced vast regions of the Andes and became one of the most important and enduring civilizations of the pre-Columbian Americas. Yet for centuries, the nature and antiquity of Tiwanaku remained a great mystery. Only over the past couple of decades has archaeological research begun to explore in depth the fascinating character of Tiwanaku culture and the way of life of its people. Ancient Tiwanaku synthesizes a wealth of past and current research on this fascinating high-altitude civilization. In the first major synthesis on the subject in nearly fifteen years, John Wayne Janusek explores Tiwanaku civilization in its geographical and cultural setting, tracing its long rise to power, vast geopolitical influences, and violent collapse.

Author : Juan Albarracín-Jordán
Publisher : Impresion P.A.P.
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105028803521

Get Book

The Archaeology of Tiwanaku by Juan Albarracín-Jordán Pdf

Author : Margaret Young-S¾nchez
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Art
ISBN : 9780803249219

Get Book

Tiwanaku by Margaret Young-S¾nchez Pdf

Introduces the striking artwork and fascinating rituals of this highland culture through approximately one hundred works of art and cultural treasures.

Author : Norah Romney
Publisher : DTTV PUBLICATIONS
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2021-02-13
Category : History
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

Ancient Advanced Technology in South America by Norah Romney Pdf

There are a host of ancient ruins in South America, claimed by the Inca, inherited by the Inca, conquered by the Inca and built by the Inca. Although one label has stuck on each monument or ancient site, it is clear there are many layers of construction, physically and conceptually. Academics and Scholars still debate who built these, monuments, did they inherit them? Was there a Pre-Inca culture, but everyone can appreciate how advanced the ‘Inca Ancient Ruins’ found in the highlands of South America. The Inca were largest empire ever seen in the Americas and the largest in the world at that time, yet doubt is cast on their monuments and origins. Tiahuanaco, a region of Bolivia that holds many remnants of ancient civilizations, demonstrates some of the most unique and amazingly precise examples of stonework in the world. The ancient people who created these walls and buildings used such a high degree of mathematical expertise that the workmanship is astounding even to modern day people. They marvel at how the stone-cutters from long ago created all of it with simple hand tools.The high plains of Peru and Bolivia in the Andes Mountains holds a wealth of historical sites, each one more amazing than the next. Scholars and archaeologists had only seen the same type of masonry in ancient Egypt before this. Although some historians call this Inca architecture, this later time period civilization had little to do with creating these fantastic structures. The Incas dominated this area from approximately the 13th to 14th centuries AD up until the time of the Spanish explorers' conquest of the region. Indeed, they built some magnificent structures, but the ones most interesting for their precision and longevity came from even older groups. Some of these empires were called the Wari and the Tiahuanaco. They existed hundreds or even thousands of years before the Inca came to power.Multiple historians who specialize in architectural studies have dedicated a lot of their time and knowledge to figuring out how ancient groups of people who did not use advanced tools or even the wheel could create such structures. The most advanced chisels and hammers of the time would have been created from copper, stone, and wood. With these simple hand tools, people dug granite, andesite, and porphyry out of quarries. After transporting them to the final locations, they then carved them with smooth precision so they would fit together almost seamlessly.What techniques could these ancient experts use to make such flat and smooth surfaces, exact angles, and joints that would not allow a single blade of grass to squeeze between? Historians can only guess about some of the methods that allowed for such unique stone cutting and building styles.

Author : John Wayne Janusek
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : History
ISBN : 0415946336

Get Book

Identity and Power in the Ancient Andes by John Wayne Janusek Pdf

First Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Author : Nicholas Tripcevich,Kevin J. Vaughn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781461452003

Get Book

Mining and Quarrying in the Ancient Andes by Nicholas Tripcevich,Kevin J. Vaughn Pdf

​Over the millennia, from stone tools among early foragers to clays to prized metals and mineral pigments used by later groups, mineral resources have had a pronounced role in the Andean world. Archaeologists have used a variety of analytical techniques on the materials that ancient peoples procured from the earth. What these materials all have in common is that they originated in a mine or quarry. Despite their importance, comparative analysis between these archaeological sites and features has been exceptionally rare, and even more so for the Andes. Mining and Quarrying in the Ancient Andes focuses on archaeological research at primary deposits of minerals extracted through mining or quarrying in the Andean region. While mining often begins with an economic need, it has important social, political, and ritual dimensions as well. The contributions in this volume place evidence of primary extraction activities within the larger cultural context in which they occurred. This important contribution to the interdisciplinary literature presents research and analysis on the mining and quarrying of various materials throughout the region and through time. Thus, rather than focusing on one material type or one specific site, Mining and Quarrying in the Ancient Andes incorporates a variety of all the aspects of mining, by focusing on the physical, social, and ritual aspects of procuring materials from the earth in the Andean past.

Author : Alan L. Kolata
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1993-12-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9781557861832

Get Book

The Tiwanaku by Alan L. Kolata Pdf

The Tiwanaku The city of Tiwanaku lies ruined in the rugged Andean steppe of Bolivia twelve thousand feet above sea level, the highest urban settlement of the ancient world. Its wide streets open towards ramparts of glaciated mountain peaks and the intense blue waters of Lake Titicaca. Gigantic stone sculptures and shattered architectural blocks suggest profound antiquity and the passage of great events, now lost and unremembered. Here, two and a half thousand years ago, a distinct society emerged which over the course of thirteen centuries developed one of the greatest civilizations and the first empire of the ancient Americas. This book, the first published history of the Tiwanakan peoples from their origins to their present survival, is a feat of scholarly and archaeological detection undertaken and led by the author. Alan Kolata draws together the evidence of historical documents from the time of the Iberian conquest, accounts and legends of the contemporary inhabitants, and the results of extensive excavations in order to provide a narrative covering three thousand years. In doing so he addresses and explains features of Tiwanakan culture that have long puzzled scholars: the origins of their uniquely massive architecture, the nature of their sophisticated hydraulically-engineered agriculture, their obsession with decapitation and the display of severed heads, and not least the reasons for their mysterious and sudden decline at the end of the tenth century. The book is illustrated throughout with photographs, maps and drawings, and is fully referenced and indexed. Although written to appeal to the nonspecialist and assuming no prior knowledge of the subject, this is a book of scholarly import, and likely to become the standard work for many years.

Author : Marta P Alfonso-Durruty,Deborah E Blom
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2023-04-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780816548705

Get Book

Foodways of the Ancient Andes by Marta P Alfonso-Durruty,Deborah E Blom Pdf

Eating is essential for life, but it also embodies social and symbolic dimensions. This volume shows how foods and peoples were mutually transformed in the ancient Andes. Exploring the multiple social, ecological, cultural, and ontological dimensions of food in the Andean past, the contributors of Foodways of the Ancient Andes offer diverse theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches that reveal the richness, sophistication, and ingenuity of Andean peoples. The volume spans time periods and localities in the Andean region to reveal how food is intertwined with multiple aspects of the human experience, from production and consumption to ideology and sociopolitical organization. It illustrates the Andean peoples’ resilience in the face of challenges brought about by food scarcity and environmental change. Chapters dissect the intersection of food, power, and status in early states and empires; examine the impact of food during times of conflict and instability; and illuminate how sacred and high-status foods contributed to the building of the Inka Empire. Featuring forty-six contributors from ten countries, the chapters employ new analytical methods, integrating different food data and interdisciplinary research to show that food can provide not only simple nutrition but also a multitude of strategies, social and political relationships, and ontologies that are otherwise invisible in the archaeological record. Contributors Aleksa K. Alaica Sonia Alconini Marta Alfonso-Durruty Sarah I. Baitzel Véronique Bélisle Carolina Belmar Carrie Anne Berryman Matthew E. Biwer Deborah E. Blom Tamara L. Bray Matthew T. Brown Maria C. Bruno José M. Capriles Katherine L. Chiou Susan D. deFrance Lucia M. Diaz Richard P. Evershed Maureen E. Folk Alexandra Greenwald Chris Harrod Christine A. Hastorf Iain Kendall Kelly J. Knudson BrieAnna S. Langlie Cecilia Lemp Petrus le Roux Marcos Martinez Anahí Maturana-Fernández Weston C. McCool Melanie J. Miller Nicole Misarti Flavia Morello Patricia Quiñonez Cuzcano Omar Reyes Arturo F. Rivera Infante Manuel San Román Francisca Santana-Sagredo Beth K. Scaffidi Augusto Tessone Andrés Troncoso Tiffiny A. Tung Mauricio Uribe Natasha P. Vang Sadie L. Weber Kurt M. Wilson Michelle E. Young

Author : Justin Jennings,Edward R. Swenson
Publisher : University of New Mexico Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2018-11-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780826359957

Get Book

Powerful Places in the Ancient Andes by Justin Jennings,Edward R. Swenson Pdf

Andean peoples recognize places as neither sacred nor profane, but rather in terms of the power they emanate and the identities they materialize and reproduce. This book argues that a careful consideration of Andean conceptions of powerful places is critical not only to understanding Andean political and religious history but to rethinking sociological theories on landscapes more generally. The contributors evaluate ethnographic and ethnohistoric analogies against the material record to illuminate the ways landscapes were experienced and politicized over the last three thousand years.

Author : Sara L. Juengst
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2023-02-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000866629

Get Book

Cooperation and Hierarchy in Ancient Bolivia by Sara L. Juengst Pdf

This book explores how past peoples navigated and created power structures and social relationships, using a case study from the Titicaca Basin of Bolivia (800 BC–AD 400). Based on the analysis of human skeletal remains, it combines anthropological social theory, archaeological contexts, and biological indicators of identity, disease, and labor to present a microhistory. The analysis moves in scale from individual experiences of daily life to broad patterns of shared identity and kinship during a time of significant economic and ecological change in the lake basin. The volume is particularly valuable for scholars and students interested in what bioarchaeology can tell us about power and social relationships in the past and how this is relevant to modern constructions of community.

Author : Chris Scarre,Brian Fagan,Charles Golden
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 929 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-07
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
ISBN : 9780429684388

Get Book

Ancient Civilizations by Chris Scarre,Brian Fagan,Charles Golden Pdf

Ancient Civilizations offers a comprehensive and straightforward account of the world’s first civilizations and how they were discovered, drawing on many avenues of inquiry including archaeological excavations, surveys, laboratory work, highly specialized scientific investigations, and both historical and ethnohistorical records. This book covers the earliest civilizations in Eurasia and the Americas, from Egypt and the Sumerians to the Indus Valley, Shang China, and the Maya. It also addresses subsequent developments in Southwest Asia, moving on to the first Aegean civilizations, Greece and Rome, the first states of sub-Saharan Africa, divine kings and empires in East and Southeast Asia, and the Aztec and Inka empires of Mesoamerica and the Andes. It includes a number of features to support student learning: a wealth of images, including several new illustrations; feature boxes which expand on key sites, finds, and written sources; and an extensive guide to further reading. With new perceptions of the origin and collapse of states, including a review of the issue of sustainability, this fifth edition has been extensively updated in the light of spectacular new discoveries and the latest theoretical advances. Examining the world’s pre-industrial civilizations from a multidisciplinary perspective and offering a comparative analysis of the field which explores the connections between all civilizations around the world, this volume provides a unique introduction to pre-industrial civilizations in all their brilliant diversity. It will prove invaluable to students of Archaeology.

Author : Jeffrey Quilter
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 556 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2022-05-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000584196

Get Book

The Ancient Central Andes by Jeffrey Quilter Pdf

The Ancient Central Andes presents a general overview of the prehistoric peoples and cultures of the Central Andes, the region now encompassing most of Peru and significant parts of Ecuador, Bolivia, northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina. The book contextualizes past and modern scholarship and provides a balanced view of current research. Two opening chapters present the intellectual, political, and practical background and history of research in the Central Andes and the spatial, temporal, and formal dimensions of the study of its past. Chapters then proceed in chronological order from remote antiquity to the Spanish Conquest. A number of important themes run through the book, including: the tension between those scholars who wish to study Peruvian antiquity on a comparative basis and those who take historicist approaches; the concept of "Lo Andino," commonly used by many specialists that assumes long-term, unchanging patterns of culture some of which are claimed to persist to the present; and culture change related to severe environmental events. Consensus opinions on interpretations are highlighted as are disputes among scholars regarding interpretations of the past. The Ancient Central Andes provides an up-to-date, objective survey of the archaeology of the Central Andes that is much needed. Students and interested readers will benefit greatly from this introduction to a key period in South America’s past.

Author : Nancy Gonlin,Meghan E Strong
Publisher : University Press of Colorado
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2022-08-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781646422609

Get Book

After Dark by Nancy Gonlin,Meghan E Strong Pdf

After Dark explores the experience of nighttime within ancient urban settings. Contributors present material evidence related to how ancient people manipulated and confronted darkness and night in urban landscapes, advancing our knowledge of the archaeology of cities, the archaeology of darkness and night, and lychnology (the study of ancient lighting devices). Sensory archaeology focuses on the sensual experience of the nocturnal environment—the sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and feel of an ancient city—and the multi-faceted stimuli that diverse urban populations experienced in the dark. Contributors investigate night work—for example, standing guard or pursuing nocturnal trades—and nightlife, such as gambling at Chaco Canyon. They also examine how urban architecture, infrastructure, and the corresponding lighting were inextricably involved in enabling nighttime pursuits and signaling social status. The subjects of the night, darkness, and illumination taken together form a comprehensive framework for analyzing city life. After Dark embraces night as a conceptual lens through which to view the material and visual cultures of the ancient world and, in doing so, demonstrates a wealth of activities, behaviors, and beliefs that took place between dusk and dawn. This perspective greatly enriches the understanding of urban life and its evolution and has much to offer archaeologists in deepening an examination of complexity and inequality. This volume will be of interest to any scholar or student of the past who is interested in urban activities and the significance of the night in urban settings. Contributors: Susan M. Alt, J. Antonio Ochatoma Cabrera, Martha Cabrera Romero, Tiffany Earley-Spadoni, Kirby Farrah, Nancy Gonlin, Anna Guengerich, Christopher Hernandez, John Janusek, Kristin V. Landau, Maggie L. Popkin, Monica L. Smith, Meghan E. Strong, Susan Toby Evans, Robert S. Weiner

Author : Brien Foerster
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2018-05-18
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1719362408

Get Book

Puma Punku and Tiwanaku by Brien Foerster Pdf

On the altiplano of Bolivia near Lake Titicaca lie the brooding ruins of Puma Punku and Tiwanaku. Though academics insist that both were the work of the bronze age Tiwanaku, there are clear indications that the original builders used very advanced high technologies in their construction.There is also a lot of evidence that Puma Punku was buried by an ancient cataclysmic tsunami that came from Lake Titicaca and that Tiwanaku was also damaged by this event. Explore the fact that Puma Punku and Tiwanaku may be more than 12,000 years old.

Author : Matthew P. Sayre,Maria C. Bruno
Publisher : Springer
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2017-03-20
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319528496

Get Book

Social Perspectives on Ancient Lives from Paleoethnobotanical Data by Matthew P. Sayre,Maria C. Bruno Pdf

This volume contributes to the emerging topic of social paleoethnobotany with a series of papers exploring dynamic aspects of past social life, particularly the day-to-day practices and politics of procuring, preparing, and consuming plants. The contributors to this volume illustrate how one can bridge differences between the natural and social sciences through the more socially-focused interpretations of botanical datasets. The chapters in this volume draw on a diversity of plant-derived datasets, macrobotanical, microbotanical, and molecular, which contribute to general paleoethnobotanical practice today. They also carefully consider the contexts in which the plant remains were recovered. These studies illustrate that the richest interpretations come from projects that are able to consider the widest range of data types, particularly as they aim to move beyond simple descriptions of food items and environmental settings. The authors in this volume address several themes including: the collection of wild resources, the domestication of crops and spread of agriculture, the role of plant remains in questions regarding domestic life, ritual, and gender as well as the broader implications of a socially-engaged paleoethnobotany. These studies point a path forward for the constantly evolving field of paleoethnobotany, one that is methodologically rigorous and theoretically engaged. Together, these papers shed light on ways in which the specialized analysis of plant remains can contribute to theory building and advancing archaeological understanding of past lifeways.