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Animals Christopher Columbus Saw by Sandra Markle Pdf
In this series by award-winning author Sandra Markle, famous explorers take a back seat to the animals they encountered along the way. While nothing about Christopher Columbus' journey was expected, he couldn't have imagined feasting on roasted lizard! Through nimble writing and beautiful paintings, this series casts the past in a whole new light!
A continuation of the Explorers series by award-winning author Sandra Markle, Animals Marco Polo Saw brings to life the amazing, exotic animals Marco Polo encountered during his explorations in Asia, how the animals sometimes affected the outcome of the journey, and even helped the explorer survive!
When Did Columbus Arrive in the Americas? by Jennifer Krueger Pdf
In the late 1400s, Christopher Columbus was sure he could find a trade route from Spain to the Far East by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean. On his first voyage, he landed on an island in the Caribbean Sea. He soon realizedn that this was not Asia and returned to Spain for more supplies. Even after three more attempts, Columbus never found a westward route to Asia. But his discoveries forever changed European views of the world and led to settlement in the Americas. So why did Columbus want a route to the Far East? How did he get his idea to sail west? What challenges did he and his crew face? Discover the facts about Columbus's voyages and how they changed the world.
The Animal Other in Narratives of Conquest by Stacy Hoult Pdf
The Animal Other in Narratives of Conquest: Uncanny Encounters investigates the functions of nonhuman animal imagery in diverse narratives of the Conquest of the Americas. The author's explications of film, poetry, literary and popular fiction, and theme park spaces draw on postcolonial and animal theory, deconstructive and Freudian literary criticism, and radical social theory. She argues that animals in these texts function on two levels: while they play a key role in the development of both Indigenous and European characters, depictions of their treatment and symbolic charge consistently work to disrupt narratives that seek to present the Conquest as a mutually beneficial "encounter" between two cultures. The close readings of animal imagery in texts ranging from Pablo Neruda's poetry to the animated film The Road to El Dorado represent a fresh approach to questions surrounding the depictions of Indigenous Americans and the motivations, tactics, and lasting contributions of the invading culture.
The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America, 1492-1493 by Anonim Pdf
This definitive edition of Columbus's account of the voyage presents the most accurate printed version of his journal available to date. Unfortunately both Columbus's original manuscript, presented to Ferdinand and Isabella along with other evidence of his discoveries, and a single complete copy have been lost for centuries. The primary surviving record of the voyage-part quotation, part summary of the complete copy-is a transcription made by Bartolome de las Casas in the 1530s. This new edition of the Las Casas manuscript presents its entire contents-including notes, insertions, and canceled text-more accurately, completely, and graphically than any other Spanish text published so far. In addition, the new translation, which strives for readability and accuracy, appears on pages facing the Spanish, encouraging on-the- spot comparisons of the translation with the original. Study of the work is further facilitated by extensive notes, documenting differences between the editors' transcription and translation and those of other transcribers and translators and summarizing current research and debates on unanswered current research and debates on unanswered questions concerning the voyage. In addition to being the only edition in which Spanish and English are presented side by side, this edition includes the only concordance ever prepared for the Diario. Awaited by scholars, this new edition will help reduce the guesswork that has long plagued the study of Columbus's voyage. It may shed light on a number of issues related to Columbus's navigational methods and the identity of his landing places, issues whose resolution depend, at least in part, on an accurate transcription of the Diario. Containing day-by-day accounts of the voyage and the first sighting of land, of the first encounters with the native populations and the first appraisals of his islands explored, and of a suspenseful return voyage to Spain, the Diario provides a fascinating and useful account to historians, geographers, anthropologists, sailors, students, and anyone else interested in the discovery-or in a very good sea story. Oliver Dunn received the PH.D. degree from Cornell University. He is Professor Emeritus in Purdue University and a longtime student of Spanish and early history of Spanish America. James E. Kelley, Jr., received the M.A. degree from American University. A mathematician and computer and management consultant by vocation, for the past twenty years he has studied the history of European cartography and navigation in late-medieval times. Both are members of the Society for the History of Discoveries and have written extensively on the history of navigation and on Columbus's first voyage, Although they remain unconvinced of its conclusions, both were consultants to the National geographic Society's 1986 effort to establish Samana Cay as the site of Columbus's first landing.
The Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus by Christopher Columbus Pdf
No gamble in history has been more momentous than the landfall of Columbus's ship the Santa Maria in the Americas in 1492 - an event that paved the way for the conquest of a 'New World'. The accounts collected here provide a vivid narrative of his voyages throughout the Caribbean and finally to the mainland of Central America, although he still believed he had reached Asia. Columbus himself is revealed as a fascinating and contradictory figure, fluctuating from awed enthusiasm to paranoia and eccentric geographical speculation. Prey to petty quarrels with his officers, his pious desire to bring Christian civilization to 'savages' matched by his rapacity for gold, Columbus was nonetheless an explorer and seaman of staggering vision and achievement.
In 1492, three ships set sail. Ahead, the unknown high seas that no one had dared to cross. Where will Christopher Columbus and his men land? Will they discover a New World? Will they return alive to tell the tale? Would you sail with Columbus? What would your readers do?
Christopher Columbus: Admiral of the Ocean Sea By: Layne Meyers Half a millennium has passed since Christopher Columbus reshaped the globe from a three continent, one ocean world to a spherical revolution of a transoceanic movement of cultures, countries, and heritage. A Genoa native with an early interest in sailing, he became one of the most significant figures in all the world. This miraculous story of Christopher Columbus is to be told from his time and perspectives and not through a false narrative of today’s privileges presiding over fact. From Aristotle to Plato providing foresight and sense of direction to Ptolemy and Marco Polo presenting the Heavens and landscapes we can now better understand the motives of his decisions and actions as well as his spiritual ambitions. As a passenger on a Columbus Caravel, you’ll witness first-hand the navigational fortitude that led him away from visibility of the shores and into the uncharted horizon. His attained knowledge of the Atlantic trade winds which propelled him to the new world, seafaring instruments and gauges that Columbus relied upon that showed him direction, speed and latitude of his vessels, and the tactical wit that promoted his tenure of being crowned as “Admiral of the Ocean Sea.”
In Nature in the New World (translated 1985), Antonello Gerbi examines the fascinating reports of the first Europeans to see the Americas. These accounts provided the basis for the images of strange and new flora, fauna, and human creatures that filled European imaginations. Initial chapters are devoted to the writings of Columbus, Vespucci, Cortés, Verrazzano, and others. The second portion of the book concerns the Historia general y natural de las Indias of Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, a work commissioned by Charles V of Spain in 1532 but not published in its entirety until the 1850s. Antonello Gerbi contends that Oviedo, a Spanish administrator who lived in Santo Domingo, has been unjustly neglected as a historian. Gerbi shows that Oviedo was a major authority on the culture, history, and conquest of the New World.
The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia by Silvio A. Beding Pdf
The European discovery of the Americas in 1492 was one of the most important events of the Renaissance, and with it Christopher Columbus changed the course of world history. Now, five hundred years later, this 2-volume reference work will chart new courses in the study and understanding of Columbus and the Age of Discovery. Much more than an account of the man and his voyages, The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia is a complete A-Z look at the world during this momentous era. In two volumes, The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia contains more than 350 signed original articles ranging from 250 to more than 10,000 words, written by nearly 150 contributors from around the world. The work includes cross-references, bibliographies for each article, and a comprehensive index. The work is fully illustrated, with hundreds of maps, drawings and photographs.
Select Documents illustrating the Four Voyages of Columbus by Cecil Jane Pdf
Translated and edited, with additional material, and introduction and notes. Enlarges on First Series 43 (1870). Continued in Second Series 70. This is a new print-on-demand hardback edition of the volume first published in 1930.
I want to let my readers and audiences to know that this book is not written to discriminate against anyone regardless of the sexes, races, classes, and genders, as well as anyone’s religions. I wrote this book because of a lot of awareness and concern that some of us are having in this world without knowing what is really going on within them. I want to say that viewer discretion is advised.
Christopher Columbus's Naming in the 'diarios' of the Four Voyages (1492-1504) by Evelina Guzauskyte Pdf
In this fascinating book, Evelina Gužauskytė uses the names Columbus gave to places in the Caribbean Basin as a way to examine the complex encounter between Europeans and the native inhabitants. Gužauskytė challenges the common notion that Columbus’s acts of naming were merely an imperial attempt to impose his will on the terrain. Instead, she argues that they were the result of the collisions between several distinct worlds, including the real and mythical geography of the Old World, Portuguese and Catalan naming traditions, and the knowledge and mapping practices of the Taino inhabitants of the Caribbean. Rather than reflecting the Spanish desire for an orderly empire, Columbus’s collection of place names was fractured and fragmented – the product of the explorer’s dynamic relationship with the inhabitants, nature, and geography of the Caribbean Basin. To complement Gužauskytė’s argument, the book also features the first comprehensive list of the more than two hundred Columbian place names that are documented in his diarios and other contemporary sources.
