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Anthropogenic Pollution of Aquatic Ecosystems by Donat-P. Häder,E. Walter Helbling,Virginia E. Villafañe Pdf
This book provides examples of pollutants, such as accidental oil spills and non-degradable plastic debris, which affect marine organisms of all taxa. Terrestrial runoff washes large amounts of dissolved organic materials from agriculture and industry, toxic heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and persistent organic pollutants which end up into rivers, coastal habitats, and open waters. While this book is not intended to encyclopaedically list all kinds of pollution, it rather exemplifies the problems by concentrating on a number of serious and prominent recent developments. The chapters in this book also discuss measures to decrease and remove aquatic pollution to mitigate the stress on aquatic organisms. Aquatic ecosystems provide a wide range of ecological and economical services. In addition to providing a large share of the staple diet for a fast growing human population, oceans absorb most of the anthropogenically emitted carbon dioxide and mitigate climate change. As well as rising temperatures and ocean acidification, pollution poses increasing problems for aquatic ecosystems and organisms reducing its functioning and services which are exposed to a plethora of stress factors.
Freshwater Pollution and Aquatic Ecosystems by Gowhar Hamid Dar,Khalid Rehman Hakeem,Mohammad Aneesul Mehmood,Humaira Qadri Pdf
This new volume addresses the environmental impacts of pollution on freshwater aquatic ecosystems and presents sustainable management and remediation practices and advanced technology help to address the different types of pollutants. Freshwater Pollution and Aquatic Ecosystems: Environmental Impact and Sustainable Management considers the need for sustainable, efficient, and cost-effective tools and technologies to assess, monitor, and properly manage the increasing issues of aquatic pollution. It provides detailed accounts of the phenomena and mechanisms related to aquatic pollution and highlights the problems and threats associated with pollution contamination in freshwater. It provides useful insight into the sustainable and advanced pollution remediation technology adopted by different countries for the monitoring, assessment, and sustainable management of pollution. The chapters in the volume evaluate the sources of harmful pollutants, which include industrial effluents, sewage, and runoff from agricultural industries, which result in toxic microbes, organic waste, oils, and high load of nutrients. Unsustainable management practices of domestic sewage and indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides lead to the technological disturbance of aquatic biota. In addition to harming aquatic biota, these pollutants find their way into the human body through inhalation, ingestion, or absorption and finally tend to bio-accumulate in trophic levels of the food chain, which poses a major risk to human beings. This book will be a valuable resource for ecologists, environmentalists, scientists, and many others for their work in understanding and management of aquatic pollutants in freshwater biospheres.
Anthropogenic Impacts on the Microbial Ecology and Function of Aquatic Environments by Anonim Pdf
Aquatic ecosystems are currently experiencing unprecedented levels of impact from human activities including over-exploitation of resources, habitat destruction, pollution and the influence of climate change. The impacts of these activities on the microbial ecology of aquatic environments are only now beginning to be defined. One of the many implications of environmental degradation and climate change is the geographical expansion of disease- causing microbes such as those from the Vibrio genus. Elevating sea surface temperatures correlate with increasing Vibrio numbers and disease in marine animals (e.g. corals) and humans. Contamination of aquatic environments with heavy metals and other pollutants affects microbial ecology with downstream effects on biogeochemical cycles and nutrient turnover. Also of importance is the pollution of aquatic environments with antibiotics, resistance genes and the mobile genetic elements that house resistance genes from human and animal waste. Such contaminated environments act as a source of resistance genes long after an antibiotic has ceased being used in the community. Environments contaminated with mobile genetic elements that are adapted to human commensals and pathogens function to capture new resistance genes for potential reintroduction back into clinical environments. This research topic encompasses these diverse topics and describes the affect(s) of human activity on the microbial ecology and function in aquatic environments and, describes methods of restoration and for modelling disturbances.
Water Quality for Ecosystem and Human Health by Geneviève M. Carr,James P. Neary Pdf
This document is intended to provide an overview of the major components of surface and ground water quality and how these relate to ecosystem and human health. Local, regional and global assessments of water quality monitoring data are used to illustrate key features of aquatic environments, and to demonstrate how human activities on the landscape can influence water quality in both positive and negative ways. Clear and concise background knowledge on water quality can serve to support other water assessments.
Anthropogenic Impacts on the Microbial Ecology and Function of Aquatic Environments by Maurizio Labbate,Justin R. Seymour,Federico Lauro,Mark V. Brown Pdf
Aquatic ecosystems are currently experiencing unprecedented levels of impact from human activities including over-exploitation of resources, habitat destruction, pollution and the influence of climate change. The impacts of these activities on the microbial ecology of aquatic environments are only now beginning to be defined. One of the many implications of environmental degradation and climate change is the geographical expansion of disease- causing microbes such as those from the Vibrio genus. Elevating sea surface temperatures correlate with increasing Vibrio numbers and disease in marine animals (e.g. corals) and humans. Contamination of aquatic environments with heavy metals and other pollutants affects microbial ecology with downstream effects on biogeochemical cycles and nutrient turnover. Also of importance is the pollution of aquatic environments with antibiotics, resistance genes and the mobile genetic elements that house resistance genes from human and animal waste. Such contaminated environments act as a source of resistance genes long after an antibiotic has ceased being used in the community. Environments contaminated with mobile genetic elements that are adapted to human commensals and pathogens function to capture new resistance genes for potential reintroduction back into clinical environments. This research topic encompasses these diverse topics and describes the affect(s) of human activity on the microbial ecology and function in aquatic environments and, describes methods of restoration and for modelling disturbances.
Fresh Water Pollution Dynamics and Remediation by Humaira Qadri,Rouf Ahmad Bhat,Mohammad Aneesul Mehmood,Gowhar Hamid Dar Pdf
Freshwater is a finite resource and is being deteriorated directly and indirectly by anthropogenic pressures. Preserving the quality and availability of freshwater resources is becoming one of the most pressing environmental challenges on the international horizon. To ensure the preservation as well as availability of freshwater resources, there is a need to understand the ecology of the freshwater systems, pollution problems, their impacts, restoration techniques to be opted and the conservation measures. In this backdrop the present book on ‘Freshwater Pollution Dynamics and Remediation’ has been compiled. The book provides an understanding about the present state of art, pollution impacts including the changes in the environmental quality as well as the shift in the aquatic biological communities of the fragile freshwater ecosystems. Besides, the impact of deteriorating quality of the freshwater ecosystems on the animal and human health is also discussed in detail. This book provides a comprehensive account of the techniques based on updated research in biotechnology, bio-remediation, phyto-remediation and nano-bioremediation. The role of biosorpers and biofilms as a remediation tool has also been detailed. The book is a ready reference for researchers, scientists and educators who are involved in the freshwater pollution, remediation and management studies. The book editors with an expertise in diverse research fields in freshwater ecosystems have congregated the most inclusive research accounts on the freshwater pollution and remediation and thus developed a repository of diverse knowledge on the subject
As concerns increase over the scarcity of water resources and the role of anthropogenic activities, water quality is evermore important. Activities ranging from agriculture to mining have had a bearing on the quality of water that they impact. Several studies assessing such impacts have been conducted at local and global scales over the years. This book, consisting of contributions by authors in various water-related fields, delves into some approaches that are used to understand and/or to improve water quality, and these include assessment of water chemistry, biomonitoring, modelling and water treatment. This book will be useful to environmental scientists, water professionals, researchers, academics and students.
Anthropogenic Pollution by Arun Arya,Saikat Kumar Basu Pdf
The global environment has been going through significant challenges in recent times due to a number of factors such as industrial pollution, expansion of agricultural land way beyond the fringe forest zones, destruction of virgin forests, loss of quality agricultural lands due to soil erosion, loss of global wildlife and biodiversity, climate change, global warming, devastating forest fires, floods, draughts, melting of glaciers to mention only a handful. The list could possibly go on and on with never ending items being added covering every aspect of modern human life. But there is an important underlying hidden factor behind all these that we all need to identify and realize. The most alarming fact about this hidden factor is that they are all directly or indirectly impacted by human activities in some way or other. Human civilizations have reached great strides from the earliest days when men first discovered wheel or learnt the art of agriculture and crop and livestock breeding. We have seen the age of computronics, robotics and now moving into the age of biotechnology, genetic engineering and nanotechnology. Our science quests have stretched beyond the borders of the home planet and we have even started stretching hands in unlocking the secrets of distant members of our solar system. This is indeed tremendous progress; there could be no doubt about that. But at the same time we also need to remember about the impending darkness too beneath the lamp that provides light to the rest of room. While we are standing in gaining a lot; but are we paying enough attention to what we are also loosing at the same time. The loss of forested areas, building up carbon dioxide in the global atmosphere, pollution of both fresh and salt water via number of toxic chemicals both of inorganic and organic nature, poor quality of the air we are breathing and the catastrophic loss of global biodiversity- are these not a sign of regress instead of the so called and highly cherished progress towards a darker and destructive future. Human or anthropogenic impacts are in turn devastating the planet with our attention being shifted only to the shinning aspect of our civilizations. There is indeed a darker side of every bright picture that is being placed in front of our glaring eyes. There is no silver lining in every cloud that we see on the sky. We are becoming seriously myopic and choosing to ignore the deadly symptoms that are showing up in front of us every now and then as a result of our own activities. Anthropogenic impacts have been devastating to our global ecosystems and are challenging our local environments in a significant manner. As responsible global citizens we strongly believe that we need to voice our concerns to the incessant global environmental pollution happening at every instance at different corners of earth. Hence is the humble effort of coming up with an international, peer-reviewed volume on Anthropogenic Pollution: Causes and Concerns. The current volume is a collection of a number of articles from scientists, academics, researchers, journalists, bureaucrats and technocrats from different parts of the world. Each article talks about a separate story and highlights some specific problems caused by anthropogenic impact and resulting in detrimental forms of environmental pollution. Each article is complete with its table, graphs, diagrams and bibliography to cater to a wide range of readers from serious academics, researchers and students to environmental enthusiasts and general public interested in stretching their boundary of knowledge way beyond traditional education. The volume will also be useful for both under graduate and post graduate students specializing in environmental science/studies and also for the MPhil curriculum and entry level PhD courses at different academic institutes.
Aquatic Environmental Bioengineering by Rouf Ahmad Bhat,Mohammad Yaseen Mir,Gowhar Hamid Dar,Moonisa Aslam Dervash Pdf
Aquatic Environmental Bioengineering Discover the importance of remediation efforts for aquatic ecosystems Most contamination of water bodies stem from human activity, and the pollution in our water is one of the most important environmental concerns facing future generations. The most significant of these pollutants are halogenated organic compounds, petroleum hydrocarbons, radionuclides, metal and metalloids, pharmaceutical drugs, microbial toxins, and flame retardants. With such a vast array of potential contaminants and dangerously cumulating contamination levels in fragile marine environments, reparative action is more essential than ever. Aquatic Environmental Bioengineering: Monitoring and Remediation of Contamination provides the reader with a map towards environmentally safe and economically feasible technologies to intervene in polluted aquatic ecosystems. The authors suggest a phased approach consisting of site classification and risk assessment, followed by remediation technology selection and implementation. Effective methods for surveying bodies of water are particularly emphasized, and advancements in the development of novel transgenic plants and microbial fuel cells are put forward as effective tools against environmental contamination and industrial wastewater pollution. Readers will also find: A focus on the most recent and cutting-edge research on the topic: photocatalysis, the use of genetically modified organisms, and the use of nanomaterials A simple compendium of fundamental concepts in environmental engineering of aquatic ecosystems A detailed discussion of the advancement in remote sensing and geographic information (GIS), methodologies that make it possible to conduct large-scale water remediation studies at reasonable cost The ideal resource for researchers and students of environmental science, plant biotechnology, agricultural science, environmental engineering, and plant sciences, Aquatic Environmental Bioengineering will be a crucial resource for the remediation of contaminants in our aquatic ecosystems.
Pollution of Water Bodies in Latin America by Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván Pdf
The indiscriminate use of chemical substances in industrial processes and anthropogenic activities, have resulted in the release of these compounds into aquatic ecosystems through municipal, hospital and industrial discharges, producing various undesired effects on the environment and on species of ecological interest. These compounds, such as metals, pesticides, emerging pollutants and other substances are persistent and susceptible to biotic and/or abiotic transformations, yielding metabolites that can be more toxic than the original compounds. In this book, researchers from diverse environmental science disciplines share their experiences in countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, and critically examine the problem of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems in Latin America, as well as the risks presented by their presence.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems: Science, Technology, and Public Policy
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems: Science, Technology, and Public Policy Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 580 pages File Size : 55,8 Mb Release : 1992-01-01 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 0309045347
Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems: Science, Technology, and Public Policy Pdf
Aldo Leopold, father of the "land ethic," once said, "The time has come for science to busy itself with the earth itself. The first step is to reconstruct a sample of what we had to begin with." The concept he expressedâ€"restorationâ€"is defined in this comprehensive new volume that examines the prospects for repairing the damage society has done to the nation's aquatic resources: lakes, rivers and streams, and wetlands. Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems outlines a national strategy for aquatic restoration, with practical recommendations, and features case studies of aquatic restoration activities around the country. The committee examines: Key concepts and techniques used in restoration. Common factors in successful restoration efforts. Threats to the health of the nation's aquatic ecosystems. Approaches to evaluation before, during, and after a restoration project. The emerging specialties of restoration and landscape ecology.
Hydrological, Chemical and Biological Processes of Transformation and Transport of Contaminants in Aquatic Environments by Norman E. Peters,Roderick Allan,Vladimir V. Tsirkunov Pdf
1. Overview: Water quality monitoring: national and international approaches - Richard Helmer. 2. Fate and transformation of contaminants: transport and fate of persistent toxic organic chemicals in aquatic ecosystems: the Niagara River to St Lawrence River Estuary example - R.J. Allan; impact of soil fertility by replacement of hydrologically different water types - B. Beltman & T.G. Rouwenhorst; transformation process of contaminants in rivers - J.H. Carey; pesticides in groundwater: some preliminary observations on behaviour and transport in tropical environments - P.J. Chilton, A.R. Lawrence & J.A. Baker; redox transformation of pollutants in natural waters - L. s. Ernestova, I.V. Semenova, G.V. Vlasova & N. Lee Wolf; contaminant interactions at surfaces for treatment of heavy metals in aquatic environments: mass espectrometry studies - J.V. Headley, P.W. Brooks & M Neuwirth; transformation and stabilization of metals and dissolved organic carbon in submerged calcareous environments - Maher E. Saleh; the kinetics of amino acid uptake by micro-organism in lake and river waters of the temperate and subartic zones under different trophic conditions - Humitake Seki; the interactions between trichloroethylene (TCE) and clay - C. Tang, S. Shindou & H. Ohashi; aquatic ecosystem stability to acidification: experimental modelling and buffering capacity calculation - M.G. Tarasov & A.M. Nikanorov; the precipitation of CaCO3: a mechanism of self-regulation of the LakeSevan ecosystem - D.S. Ulyanova; biological evaluation of the pollution of riverine wetlands by heavy metals - A.V. Zhulidov, T.A. Khoruzhaya, L.M. Predeina, E.V. Morozova, Y.V. Teplyakov, L.S. Kosmenko & S. Urmanov; some results of the lon-time ecological monitoring of the Leningrad NPP cooling water body (Koporskaya Bay, Gulf of Finland) - L.M. Zimina, V.L. Zimin & J.A. Khayrutdinova. 3. Hydrochemical modelling: formulations and solutions for problems of dispersion in groundwater - M.J. Adler & E. Ioan; Application of the Chrnobyl experience in developing methodology for assessing and predicting consequences of radioactive contamination of the hydrosphere - V.A. Borzilov, A.V. konoplev & A.A. Bulgakov; simulation of pollutant contamination of rivers after and atmospheric release - J.P. Bouchard & J. Duplex; a computer application for investigating the structural transformation of anthropogenically impacted aquatic ecosystems - V.A. Bryzgalo & P.A. Khaiter; investigating and modelling transport and adsorption of boron in the groundwater of Lerma valley, Argentina - J. Bundschuh, A. Fuertes, G. Baudino, R. Garcia & k. D. Balke; modelling microbial processes in porous media with application to biotransformation - A.B. Cunningham & O. Wanner; nutrient loads in the Vistula River: outflow into the Baltic Sea - J.R. Dojlido, E. Niemirycz & P. Morawiec; phenol biodegradation in the yenisei River and the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir, Russia - M.I. Gladyshev & I.V. Gribovskaya; numerical investigation of contaminant transport in shallow water bodies - L.A. Krukier e G.V. Muratova; modelling of chemicals dissolved in waters in an agricultural watershed - Z.W. Kunfzewicz, B. Szpakowska & R. Sibrecht; simulation of the redox sequence of an infiltration passage by direct numerical modelling of the mediating microorganisms - H.J. Lensing & B. herrling; hydrodynamic and water quality modelling of the Lower Don River, Russia - A.M Nikanorov, R.C. Russo, M.G. Yereschukova, E.Z. Hosseinipour & R.B. Ambrose; mathematical modelling of metal speciation in natural waters - V.I. Peleshenko, V.I. Osadchi & V.V. Kirnichni; plane dispersion of pollutants - J.M. Sawicki; physically-based modelling of pollutants transported by overland low - V.Y. Smakhtin; impact of river regulation on mercury transport - S.A. Sukhenko, E.B. Krissinel & S.A. Mikhailov; simulation of jeavy metal effect on fresh-water ecosystems in mesocosms and estimation of water body self-purification properties - Y.V. Teplyakov & A.M. Nikanorov; simulation of nutrient transformation in a reservoir ecosystem - A.A. Tskhai & V.Y. Ageikov. 4. Additional techniques and water quality assessments: impact of atmospheric precipitation on the sulphate concentration in surface waters of the Eastern European Plain - G.M. Chernogaeva; monitoring surface water conductivity with indian remote sensing satellite data: a case study from central India - V.K. choubey; use of 34S/32S ratios for evaluating anthropogenic impacts on Volga-Akhtuba flood plain surface waters - Y.A. Fedorov; multavariate classification methods as a methodological basis for natural object simulation - A.I. Gavrishin; analysis of water quality data using a multivariate statistical technique: a case study - K. Gurunathan & S. Ravichandran; hydraulic circulation system for in situ remediation of strippable contaminants and in situ bioreclamation (GZB/UVB method) - B. Herrling & J. Stamm; hydrochemical monitoring of a forested catchment with extremely high aluminium concentrations in runoff: the Lysina catchment, Czech Republic - J. kruska & Pavel Krám; application of remote sensing techniques to comprehensive monitoring of inland water ecosystems - K.Y. Kondratyev, V.V. Melentyev & D.V. Pozdniakov; evaluation of surface water pollution by nitrate in northeast Slovakia - O. Mendel & J. Repa; a fluorescent tracer for hydrodynamic process studies - A.M. Nikanorov, N.M. trunov, A.V. Bystrov, V.N. Askalepov & M.G. Tarasov; variations in stream water quality in a forested Piedmont catchment, Georgia, USA: relevance of sampling frequency and design - N.E. Peters; cumulative effects of land use practices on water quality - W.T. Swank & P.V. Bolstad; temporal variations of organic micropollutants during storm events in a small river catchment - W. Symader, R. Bierl & K. Hampe; application of experimental ecosystems for researching natural waters: the problem of similarity - N.M. Trunov, A.M. Nikanorov & V.N. Askalepov; contribution of various sources of contaminants to the total input into the North Sea - K.J. Wulffraat, T. Smit & H. Groskamp; residual arsenic in Yellow River fish and effects of suspended sediment - Z. Shuguang, L. Yaqing & M. Tao.
CO2 Acidification in Aquatic Ecosystems by T. A. Del Valls,I. Riba Pdf
CO2 Acidification in Aquatic Ecosystems: An Integrative Approach to Risk Assessment focuses on the characterization of different aspects of ecosystem science to describe the situation of CO2 acidification in aquatic ecosystems. This extensive coverage looks at the effects of CO2 acidification throughout all oceans and coastal areas. In addition, the book describes integrative approaches based on global case studies to determine the effects associated with this kind of acidification. It allows the reader to understand the different sources of CO2 in the aquatic ecosystems and the different approaches and lines of evidence available to characterize the impact of this acidification. This book provides researchers, professors and post graduate students in oceanography and aquatic ecology with a new and complete tool set to address and understand the potential impacts of CO2 acidification in aquatic ecosystems. Presents case studies and new data related to CO2 acidification in aquatic ecosystems Includes new approaches for understanding the behavior of organisms in aquatic ecosystems that are suffering stress from different sources of contamination at acidification conditions Provides an integrated approach to address the environmental quality in areas affected by acidification and contamination by other stressors
Encyclopedia of Aquatic Ecotoxicology by Jean-Francois Férard,Christian Blaise Pdf
With its 104 chapters, this Encyclopedia of aquatic ecotoxicology reveals the diversity of issues, problems and challenges that have faced, and are facing today, receiving environments. It also indicates ways by which tools, strategies and future investigations can contribute to correct, minimize, solve and prevent water quality degradation. Structured homogeneously, the chapters convey salient information on historical background, features, characteristics, uses and/or applications of treated topics, often complemented by illustrations and case studies, as well as by conclusions and prospects. This work is most suitable for teaching purposes. Academics, for example, could literally deliver comprehensive lectures to students simply based on chapter outlines and contents. Meet the Authors of the Encyclopedia! Check out 'Meet the Authors' under ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (Right menu).
Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences and Control by Abid A. Ansari,Sarvajeet Singh Gill Pdf
Eutrophication continues to be a major global challenge and the problem of eutrophication and availability of freshwater for human consumption is an essential ecological issue. The global demand for water resources due to increasing population, economic developments, and emerging energy development schemes has created new environmental challenges for global sustainability. Accordingly, the area of research on eutrophication has expanded considerably in recent years. Eutrophication, acidification and contamination by toxic substances are likely to pose increasing threats to freshwater resources and ecosystems. The consequences of anthropogenic-induced eutrophication of freshwaters are severe deterioration of surface waters and growing public concern, as well as new interest among the scientific community. “Eutrophication: causes, consequences & control” provides the latest information on many important aspects of the processes of natural and accelerated eutrophication in major aquatic ecosystems around the world. This book offers a cutting-edge resource for researchers and students alike who are studying eutrophication in various ecosystems. It presents the latest trends and developments in the field, including: global scenarios and local threats to the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, economics of eutrophication, eutrophication in the great lakes of the Chinese pacific drainage basin, photoautotrophic productivity in eutrophic ecosystems, eutrophication’s impacts on natural metal remediation in salt marshes, phytoplankton assemblages as an indicator of water quality in seven temperate estuarine lakes in southeast Australia, biogeochemical indicators of nutrient enrichments in wetlands – the microbial response as a sensitive indicator of wetland eutrophication, and ultraviolet radiation and bromide as limiting factors in eutrophication processes in semi-arid climate zones. Written by respected experts and featuring helpful illustrations and photographs, “Eutrophication: causes, consequences & control” provides a concise and practical update on the latest developments in eutrophication.
