Anticipatory Cash Transfers For Climate Resilience Findings From A Randomized Experiment In Northeast Nigeria

Author : Balana, Bedru,Adeyanju, Dolapo,Clingain, Clare,Andam, Kwaw S.,de Brauw, Alan,Yohanna, Ishaku,Olarewaju, Olukunbi,Schneider, Molly
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2023-07-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Anticipatory cash transfers for climate resilience: Findings from a randomized experiment in northeast Nigeria by Balana, Bedru,Adeyanju, Dolapo,Clingain, Clare,Andam, Kwaw S.,de Brauw, Alan,Yohanna, Ishaku,Olarewaju, Olukunbi,Schneider, Molly Pdf

This paper presents the findings from an experimental study designed to assess the impacts of one-time large lump sum cash transfers on welfare and coping strategies of smallholders in climate-risk and conflict-affected communities in northeast Nigeria. This pilot intervention was supported by Google.org and implemented by the International Rescue Committee (IRC). The central hypothesis of the intervention is that when climate vulnerable communities have timely access to information and the financial and social resources to act upon that information, they will avoid negative coping strategies and build more diversified and climate resilient livelihoods. The project transferred a lump sum of cash to a treatment group of randomly sampled households when triggered by the climate data risk thresholds. An equal number of comparable households in a control group received the same amount of cash post flooding shock. The main purpose of the study was to assess the impacts of anticipatory cash against the traditional humanitarian post-shocks supporting mechanism. We collected baseline and endline data from a sample of 1450 experimental households (725 ‘treatment’ and 725 ‘control’) and analyzed the data using econometric models. Several outcome indicators including food security, climate adaptive and resilience actions, and wellbeing measures were used to assess the intervention. The results indicate that anticipatory cash has significant impacts on reducing negative coping strategies, increasing the number of pre-emptive climate adaptive actions, and increasing investment in productive assets that could enhance future resilience. On other hand, anticipatory cash transfers do not seem to have significant impacts on short-term food and non-food consumption expenditures compared to post-shock cash transfers. Our findings indicate that one-time large sum anticipatory transfer could lead households to build their climate resilience capacity, and hence a promising intervention to reduce the vulnerability of households to future climate shocks. Based on the findings we have two key recommendations: (1) Given the generally positive findings on household’s welfare and climate resilience capacity, we suggest humanitarian agencies and governments to consider anticipatory interventions (such as pre-shock cash transfers) as a mechanism for both meeting basic needs and improving climate resilience of households provided that quality data and analytics exist to predict a high probability of climate shocks. (2) As climate shocks continue to worsen and humanitarian funding needs remain unmet for both emergencies and early recovery, anticipatory approach may be critical to meeting the short- and long-term needs of climate and conflict-affected households.

Author : Jane O. Ebinger
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821386989

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Climate Impacts on Energy Systems by Jane O. Ebinger Pdf

"While the energy sector is a primary target of efforts to arrest and reverse the growth of greenhouse gas emissions and lower the carbon footprint of development, it is also expected to be increasingly affected by unavoidable climate consequences from the damage already induced in the biosphere. Energy services and resources, as well as seasonal demand, will be increasingly affected by changing trends, increasing variability, greater extremes and large inter-annual variations in climate parameters in some regions. All evidence suggests that adaptation is not an optional add-on but an essential reckoning on par with other business risks. Existing energy infrastructure, new infrastructure and future planning need to consider emerging climate conditions and impacts on design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Integrated risk-based planning processes will be critical to address the climate change impacts and harmonize actions within and across sectors. Also, awareness, knowledge, and capacity impede mainstreaming of climate adaptation into the energy sector. However, the formal knowledge base is still nascent?information needs are complex and to a certain extent regionally and sector specific. This report provides an up-to-date compendium of what is known about weather variability and projected climate trends and their impacts on energy service provision and demand. It discusses emerging practices and tools for managing these impacts and integrating climate considerations into planning processes and operational practices in an environment of uncertainty. It focuses on energy sector adaptation, rather than mitigation which is not discussed in this report. This report draws largely on available scientific and peer-reviewed literature in the public domain and takes the perspective of the developing world to the extent possible."

Author : Thomas Bowen,Carlo del Ninno,Colin Andrews,Sarah Coll-Black,Kelly Johnson,Yasuhiro Kawasoe,Adea Kryeziu,Barry Maher,Asha Williams
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 155 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781464815751

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Adaptive Social Protection by Thomas Bowen,Carlo del Ninno,Colin Andrews,Sarah Coll-Black,Kelly Johnson,Yasuhiro Kawasoe,Adea Kryeziu,Barry Maher,Asha Williams Pdf

Adaptive social protection (ASP) helps to build the resilience of poor and vulnerable households to the impacts of large, covariate shocks, such as natural disasters, economic crises, pandemics, conflict, and forced displacement. Through the provision of transfers and services directly to these households, ASP supports their capacity to prepare for, cope with, and adapt to the shocks they face—before, during, and after these shocks occur. Over the long term, by supporting these three capacities, ASP can provide a pathway to a more resilient state for households that may otherwise lack the resources to move out of chronically vulnerable situations. Adaptive Social Protection: Building Resilience to Shocks outlines an organizing framework for the design and implementation of ASP, providing insights into the ways in which social protection systems can be made more capable of building household resilience. By way of its four building blocks—programs, information, finance, and institutional arrangements and partnerships—the framework highlights both the elements of existing social protection systems that are the cornerstones for building household resilience, as well as the additional investments that are central to enhancing their ability to generate these outcomes. In this report, the ASP framework and its building blocks have been elaborated primarily in relation to natural disasters and associated climate change. Nevertheless, many of the priorities identified within each building block are also pertinent to the design and implementation of ASP across other types of shocks, providing a foundation for a structured approach to the advancement of this rapidly evolving and complex agenda.

Author : Ecker, Olivier,Brown, Tracy,Andam, Kwaw S.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 6 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2021-11-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Transforming Nigeria’s agrifood system: Wealthier, but also healthier by Ecker, Olivier,Brown, Tracy,Andam, Kwaw S. Pdf

Malnutrition, largely attributable to poor diets among both the rich and poor, presents a growing challenge in Nigeria. This brief considers the obstacles to food security and better nutrition, particularly the country’s macroeconomic instability, widespread poverty, and the need for greater investment and policy coherence to support dietary diversity. The authors describe how a policy shift to focus on consumer needs can transform the agrifood system to deliver healthier and more affordable diets for all Nigerians, as well as better and more secure rural livelihoods.

Author : Jennifer Clapp,Marc J. Cohen
Publisher : Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2009-09-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1554581982

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The Global Food Crisis by Jennifer Clapp,Marc J. Cohen Pdf

The global food crisis is a stark reminder of the fragility of the global food system. The Global Food Crisis: Governance Challenges and Opportunities captures the debate about how to go forward and examines the implications of the crisis for food security in the world’s poorest countries, both for the global environment and for the global rules and institutions that govern food and agriculture. In this volume, policy-makers and scholars assess the causes and consequences of the most recent food price volatility and examine the associated governance challenges and opportunities, including short-term emergency responses, the ecological dimensions of the crisis, and the longer-term goal of building sustainable global food systems. The recommendations include vastly increasing public investment in small-farm agriculture; reforming global food aid and food research institutions; establishing fairer international agricultural trade rules; promoting sustainable agricultural methods; placing agriculture higher on the post-Kyoto climate change agenda; revamping biofuel policies; and enhancing international agricultural policy-making. Co-published with the Centre for International Governance Innovation

Author : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II.
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 532 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521634555

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The Regional Impacts of Climate Change by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II. Pdf

Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03-17
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9789251340714

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The impact of disasters and crises on agriculture and food security: 2021 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

On top of a decade of exacerbated disaster loss, exceptional global heat, retreating ice and rising sea levels, humanity and our food security face a range of new and unprecedented hazards, such as megafires, extreme weather events, desert locust swarms of magnitudes previously unseen, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Agriculture underpins the livelihoods of over 2.5 billion people – most of them in low-income developing countries – and remains a key driver of development. At no other point in history has agriculture been faced with such an array of familiar and unfamiliar risks, interacting in a hyperconnected world and a precipitously changing landscape. And agriculture continues to absorb a disproportionate share of the damage and loss wrought by disasters. Their growing frequency and intensity, along with the systemic nature of risk, are upending people’s lives, devastating livelihoods, and jeopardizing our entire food system. This report makes a powerful case for investing in resilience and disaster risk reduction – especially data gathering and analysis for evidence informed action – to ensure agriculture’s crucial role in achieving the future we want.

Author : W. Neil Adger,Irene Lorenzoni,Karen L. O'Brien
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 533 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2009-06-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780521764858

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Adapting to Climate Change by W. Neil Adger,Irene Lorenzoni,Karen L. O'Brien Pdf

This book presents the latest science and social science research on whether the world can adapt to climate change.

Author : Keshav Lall Maharjan,Niraj Prakash Joshi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9784431543435

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Climate Change, Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods in Developing Countries by Keshav Lall Maharjan,Niraj Prakash Joshi Pdf

This book is about climate change and its relation to agriculture and rural livelihoods. It starts by providing a basic understanding of climate change science followed by the relation of climate change to agriculture, the impact of which is discussed based on the particular impact of climate change on plant and animal physiology. The book further discusses the inclusion of the agriculture sector in various international climate change negotiations. It also reviews the cost and opportunities for agricultural projects through international climate change regimes, specifically the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol. With this background, the book finally proceeds to an explanation of the methodologies used to assess the impact of climate change on agriculture and empirically discusses its impact on agriculture and rural livelihoods in Nepal.

Author : Bert Metz,Ogunlade Davidson,Rob Swart,Jiahua Pan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2001-07-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521807697

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Climate Change 2001: Mitigation by Bert Metz,Ogunlade Davidson,Rob Swart,Jiahua Pan Pdf

Some issues addressed in this Working Group III volume are mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, managing biological carbon reservoirs, geo-engineering, costing methods, and decision-making frameworks.

Author : World Bank,United Nations
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2010-11-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780821381410

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Natural Hazards, UnNatural Disasters by World Bank,United Nations Pdf

This book examines how to ensure that the preventive measures are worthwhile and effective, and how people can make decisions individually and collectively at different levels of government.

Author : Balana, Bedru,Oyeyemi, Motunrayo,Ogunniyi, Adebayo,Fasoranti, Adetunji,Edeh, Hyacinth,Andam, Kwaw S.
Publisher :
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Have households’ livelihoods and food security rebounded from COVID-19 shocks in Nigeria? Results from a follow-up phone survey by Balana, Bedru,Oyeyemi, Motunrayo,Ogunniyi, Adebayo,Fasoranti, Adetunji,Edeh, Hyacinth,Andam, Kwaw S. Pdf

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on households’ income, jobs, and food security have continued despite perceptible reductions in transmission and lifting of restrictive policy measures in several countries. To assess these effects on Nigerian households, we collected household data in the initial three months after the outbreak of the pandemic (July 2020). To track the changes since the first survey, we conducted a follow-up phone survey with the same households a year later (July 2021). We undertook a comparative analysis between the two surveys focusing on key variables such as income loss, job loss, food security, and dietary diversity. The study also investigated how changes in income, wealth/endowments, social capital, safety net programs, and recurrent conflicts affected the severity of food insecurity amid the pandemic. We found that both income and jobs have rebounded significantly (by 50 percentage points) compared to the baseline results. In terms of food insecurity, households with “severely food insecure” situations dropped from 73 percent in the first survey to 65 percent in the follow-up survey. We also found a 5-percentage point improvement in the household dietary diversity scale in the follow-up survey. However, households reported an increase of more than 70 percent in conflicts or insecurity threats amid the pandemic. This affected farm investment decisions in 44 percent of smallholder farmers surveyed. While income loss significantly worsened households’ food insecurity; livestock ownership and social capital cushioned households from falling into a more severe food insecurity situation. However, safety net programs provided by the government and NGOs did not significantly protect households from falling into severe food insecurity amid the pandemic. We suggest four policy propositions: prioritize investment in job creation to curb income loss; enable households to build their wealth base (e.g., land tenure security or livestock) to enhance resilience to shocks; revisit targeting approaches of safety net programs to enhance effectiveness of such programs; and finally, devise and implement conflict resolutions to induce investment and enhance productivity.

Author : Amory B. Lovins,L. Hunter Lovins
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Political Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105037381840

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Brittle Power by Amory B. Lovins,L. Hunter Lovins Pdf

Author : World Bank Group
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 561 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464814693

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Global Economic Prospects, January 2020 by World Bank Group Pdf

Global growth is projected to be slightly faster in 2020 than the post-crisis low registered last year. While growth could be stronger if reduced trade tensions lead to a sustained reduction in uncertainty, the balance of risks to the outlook is to the downside. Growth in emerging market and developing economies is also expected to remain subdued, continuing a decade of disappointing outcomes. A steep and widespread productivity growth slowdown has been underway in these economies since the global financial crisis, despite the largest, fastest, and most broad-based accumulation of debt since the 1970s. In addition, many emerging market and developing economies, including low-income countries, face the challenge of phasing out price controls that impose heavy fiscal cost and dampen investment. These circumstances add urgency to the need to implement measures to rebuild macroeconomic policy space and to undertake reforms to rekindle productivity growth. These efforts need to be supplemented by policies to promote inclusive and sustainable long-term growth and accelerate poverty alleviation. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing countries, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by these economies, whereas the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces.

Author : Walter Leal Filho,Simane Belay,Jokasha Kalangu,Wuta Menas,Pantaleo Munishi,Kumbirai Musiyiwa
Publisher : Springer
Page : 746 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2017-03-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319495200

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Climate Change Adaptation in Africa by Walter Leal Filho,Simane Belay,Jokasha Kalangu,Wuta Menas,Pantaleo Munishi,Kumbirai Musiyiwa Pdf

This collection showcases experiences from research and field projects in climate change adaptation on the African continent. It includes a set of papers presented at a symposium held in Addis Abeba in February 2016, which brought together international experts to discuss “fostering African resilience and capacity to adapt.” The papers introduce a wide range of methodological approaches and practical case studies to show how climate change adaptation can be implemented in regions and countries across the continent. Responding to the need for more cross-sectoral interaction among the various stakeholders working in the field of climate change adaptation, the book fosters the exchange of information on best practices across the African continent.