Approaches To Scaling Of Trace Gas Fluxes In Ecosystems

Author : A.F. Bouwman
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1999-02-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080540724

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Approaches to Scaling of Trace Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems by A.F. Bouwman Pdf

This excellent book covers techniques used for extrapolating measurements of trace gas fluxes and factors regulating the production, consumption and exchange of trace gases in terrestrial and aquatic environments. It provides a comprehensive summary of all aspects of scaling, from flux measurement techniques, geographic data, modelling, use of tracers and isotopes, inverse modelling and satellite-borne atmospheric observations. An interesting feature of the book is the fact that both fluxes from terrestrial and aquatic (marine) sources are discussed, along with the uncertainties in estimates of trace gas fluxes at different scales, including point, field, landscape, regional and global scale. As well as reviewing the state of the art in the field of scaling of fluxes of greenhouse gases, ozone and aerosol and their precursors, and acidifying compounds, the emphasis of this volume is on identification of gaps in knowledge, finding solutions, and determination of future research directions.

Author : M. O. Andreae
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015018494198

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Exchange of Trace Gases Between Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Atmosphere by M. O. Andreae Pdf

Microbiological basic of NO and N2O production and consumption in soil; Factors controlling NOx emissions from soils; Control of methane production in terrestrial ecosystems; Biological sinks of methane; What regulates production and consumption of trace gases in ecosystems: biology or physicochemistry?; Regional extrapolation of trace gas flux based on soil and ecosystems; Regional extrapolation: Vegetation-atmosphere approach; Global-scale extrapolation: a critical assessment; Aircraft-based measurements of trace gas fluxes; Extrapolation of flux measurements to regional and global scales; Chamber and isotop techniques; Micrometeorological techniques for the measurement of trace gas exchange; Methane flux measurements: methods and results; Fluxes of NOx abovesoil and vegetation; What are the relative roles of biological production, micrometeorology, and photochemistry in controlling the flux of trace gases between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere?; Atmospheric deposition and nutrient cycling; Global climate and trace gas composition: from atmospheric history to the century; Experimental design for studying atmosphere interactions; Trace gas exchange and phsical climate: Critical interactions; Research priorities for studies on trace gas exchange.

Author : Han Dolman,Riccardo Valentini,A. Freibauer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2008-06-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387765709

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The Continental-Scale Greenhouse Gas Balance of Europe by Han Dolman,Riccardo Valentini,A. Freibauer Pdf

This book assesses the current greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring capabilities of Europe, identifies and quantifies the uncertainties involved, and outlines the direction to a continental scale GHG monitoring network. The book uniquely addresses both the methodology of carbon cycle science and the science itself, providing a synthesis of carbon cycle science. The methods included provide the first comprehensive coverage of a full GHG accounting and monitoring system.

Author : P. A. Matson,R. C. Harriss
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2009-05-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781444313819

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Biogenic Trace Gases by P. A. Matson,R. C. Harriss Pdf

Trace gases are those that are present in the atmosphere at relatively low concentrations. Small changes in their concentrations can have profound implications for major atmospheric fluxes, and thereore, can be used as indicators in studies of global change, global biogeochemical cycling and global warming. This new how-to guide will detail the concepts and techniques involved in the detection and measurement of trace gases, and the impact they have on ecological studies. Introductory chapters look at the role of trace gases in global cycles, while later chapters go on to consider techniques for the measurement of gases in various environments and at a range of scales. A how-to guide for measuring atmospheric trace gases. Techniques described are of value in addressing current concerns over global climate change.

Author : Lex Bouwman,United Nations Environment Programme
Publisher : UNEP/Earthprint
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Acid deposition
ISBN : 9789280718331

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Global Assessment of Acidification and Eutrophication of Natural Ecosystems by Lex Bouwman,United Nations Environment Programme Pdf

This report is a review of studies in six countriers commissioned under UNEP's "Capacity Building for Integrating Environmental Considerations into Development Planning and Decision-making" programme. These projects are the first of their kind as they were entirely conceived, designed, and conducted by teams of national experts in their own country."--Forward (page vii).

Author : Pak Sum Low
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 413 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2006-11-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780521029957

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Climate Change and Africa by Pak Sum Low Pdf

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, no environmental issue is of such truly global magnitude as the issue of climate change. The poorer, developing countries are the least equipped to adapt to the potential effects of climate change, although most of them have played an insignificant role in causing it. African countries are amongst the poorest of the developing countries. This book presents the issues of most relevance to Africa, such as past and present climate, desertification, biomass burning and its implications for atmospheric chemistry and climate, energy generation, sea-level rise, ENSO-induced drought and flood, adaptation, disaster risk reduction, the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol (especially the Clean Development Mechanism), capacity-building, and sustainable development. It provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of these and many other issues, with chapters by the leading experts from a range of disciplines. Climate Change and Africa will prove to be an invaluable reference for all researchers and policy makers with an interest in climate change and Africa.

Author : David Ussiri,Rattan Lal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2012-11-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400753648

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Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation by David Ussiri,Rattan Lal Pdf

Nitrous oxide gas is a long-lived relatively active greenhouse gas (GHG) with an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 120 years, and heat trapping effects about 310 times more powerful than carbon dioxide per molecule basis. It contributes about 6% of observed global warming. Nitrous oxide is not only a potent GHG, but it also plays a significant role in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. This book describes the anthropogenic sources of N2O with major emphasis on agricultural activities. It summarizes an overview of global cycling of N and the role of nitrous oxide on global warming and ozone depletion, and then focus on major source, soil borne nitrous oxide emissions. The spatial-temporal variation of soil nitrous oxide fluxes and underlying biogeochemical processes are described, as well as approaches to quantify fluxes of N2O from soils. Mitigation strategies to reduce the emissions, especially from agricultural soils, and fertilizer nitrogen sources are described in detail in the latter part of the book.

Author : Jelte Rozema,Rien Aerts,Hans Cornelissen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2007-01-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402044434

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Plants and Climate Change by Jelte Rozema,Rien Aerts,Hans Cornelissen Pdf

This book focuses on how climate affects or affected the biosphere and vice versa both in the present and in the past. The chapters describe how ecosystems from the Antarctic and Arctic, and from other latitudes, respond to global climate change. The papers highlight plant responses to atmospheric CO2 increase, to global warming and to increased ultraviolet-B radiation as a result of stratospheric ozone depletion.

Author : Pavel Kabat,Martin Claussen,Paul A. Dirmeyer,John H.C. Gash,Lelys Bravo de Guenni,Michel Meybeck,Roger Pielke,Charles J. Vörösmarty,Ronald W.A. Hutjes,Sabine Lütkemeier
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 566 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642189487

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Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate by Pavel Kabat,Martin Claussen,Paul A. Dirmeyer,John H.C. Gash,Lelys Bravo de Guenni,Michel Meybeck,Roger Pielke,Charles J. Vörösmarty,Ronald W.A. Hutjes,Sabine Lütkemeier Pdf

A state-of-the-art overview of the influence of terrestrial vegetation and soils within the Earth system. The text deals especially with interactions between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere via the hydrological cycle and their interlinkage with anthropogenic activities. Measurements gathered in integrated field experiments in the Sahel, the Amazon, North America and South-east Asia confirm the importance of these interactions. Observations are complemented by modelling studies, including regional models that simulate flows and transport in river catchments, coupled land-cover and regional climate systems, and Earth-system and global circulation models. Water, nutrient and sediment fluxes in river basins are also discussed and are shown to be highly impacted and regulated by humans through land use, pollution and river engineering. Finally, the book discusses environmental vulnerability and methodologies for assessing the risks associated with regional and global climatic and environmental variability and change. The results reported in this book are based on the research work of many individual scientists and teams around the world associated with the objectives of the IGBP-BAHC and WCRP-GEWEX international research programmes.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on Animal Nutrition,Ad Hoc Committee on Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2003-05-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309087056

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Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on Animal Nutrition,Ad Hoc Committee on Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations Pdf

Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs discusses the need for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to implement a new method for estimating the amount of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, and other pollutants emitted from livestock and poultry farms, and for determining how these emissions are dispersed in the atmosphere. The committee calls for the EPA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to establish a joint council to coordinate and oversee short - and long-term research to estimate emissions from animal feeding operations accurately and to develop mitigation strategies. Their recommendation was for the joint council to focus its efforts first on those pollutants that pose the greatest risk to the environment and public health.

Author : Osvaldo E. Sala,Robert B. Jackson,Harold A. Mooney,Robert W. Howarth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461212249

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Methods in Ecosystem Science by Osvaldo E. Sala,Robert B. Jackson,Harold A. Mooney,Robert W. Howarth Pdf

Ecology at the ecosystem level has both necessitated and benefited from new methods and technologies as well as those adapted from other disciplines. With the ascendancy of ecosystem science and management, the need has arisen for a comprehensive treatment of techniques used in this rapidly-growing field. Methods in Ecosystem Science answers that need by synthesizing the advantages, disadvantages and tradeoffs associated with the most commonly used techniques in both aquatic and terrestrial research. The book is divided into sections addressing carbon and energy dynamics, nutrient and water dynamics, manipulative ecosystem experiements and tools to synthesize our understanding of ecosystems. Detailed information about various methods will help researchers choose the most appropriate methods for their particular studies. Prominent scientists discuss how tools from a variety of disciplines can be used in ecosystem science at different scales.

Author : Abdel H. El-Shaarawi,Walter W. Piegorsch
Publisher : Wiley
Page : 658 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2001-12-31
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0471899976

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Encyclopedia of Environmetrics by Abdel H. El-Shaarawi,Walter W. Piegorsch Pdf

A comprehensive overview of environmetric research and its applications... Environmetrics covers the development and application of quantitative methods in the environmental sciences. It provides essential tools for understanding, predicting, and controlling the impacts of agents, both man-made and natural, which affect the environment. Basic and applied research in this area covers a broad range of topics. Primary among these are the quantitative sciences, such as statistics, probability and applied mathematics, chemometrics, and econometrics. Applications are also important, for example in, ecology and environmental biology, public health, atmospheric science, geology, engineering, risk management, and regulatory/governmental policy amongst others. * Divided into 12 sections, the Encyclopedia brings together over 600 detailed articles which have been carefully selected and reviewed through the collaborative efforts of the Editors-in-Chief and the appropriate Section Editor * Presented in alphabetical order all the articles will include an explanatory introduction, extensive cross-referencing and an up-to-date bibliography providing literature references for further reading. Presenting state of the art information in a readable, highly accessible style, the scope and coverage provided by the Encyclopedia of Environmetrics will ensure its place as the landmark reference for the many scientists, educators, and decision-makers working across this multidisciplinary field. An essential reference tool for university libraries, research laboratories, government institutions and consultancies concerned with the environmental sciences, the Encyclopedia of Environmetrics brings together for the first time, comprehensive coverage of the full range of topics, techniques and applications covered by this multidisciplinary field. There is currently no central reference source which addresses the needs of this multidisciplinary community. This new Encyclopedia will fill this gap by providing a comprehensive source of relevant fundamental concepts in environmetric research, development and applications for statisticians, mathematicians, economists, environmentalists, ecologist, government officials and policy makers.

Author : Walter C. Oechel,Terry Callaghan,Tagir Gilmanov,Jarle I. Holten,Barrie Maxwell,Ulf Molau,Bjartmar Sveinbjörnsson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461222408

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Global Change and Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems by Walter C. Oechel,Terry Callaghan,Tagir Gilmanov,Jarle I. Holten,Barrie Maxwell,Ulf Molau,Bjartmar Sveinbjörnsson Pdf

Global warming is likely to have the greatest impact at high latitudes, making the Arctic an important region both for detecting global climate change and for studying its effects on terrestrial ecosystems. The chapters in this volume address current and anticipated impacts of global climate change on Arctic organisms, populations, ecosystem structure and function, biological diversity, and the atmosphere.

Author : John A Matthews
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 1490 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-12-13
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781446264881

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Encyclopedia of Environmental Change by John A Matthews Pdf

Accessibly written by a team of international authors, the Encyclopedia of Environmental Change provides a gateway to the complex facts, concepts, techniques, methodology and philosophy of environmental change. This three-volume set illustrates and examines topics within this dynamic and rapidly changing interdisciplinary field. The encyclopedia includes all of the following aspects of environmental change: Diverse evidence of environmental change, including climate change and changes on land and in the oceans Underlying natural and anthropogenic causes and mechanisms Wide-ranging local, regional and global impacts from the polar regions to the tropics Responses of geo-ecosystems and human-environmental systems in the face of past, present and future environmental change Approaches, methodologies and techniques used for reconstructing, dating, monitoring, modelling, projecting and predicting change Social, economic and political dimensions of environmental issues, environmental conservation and management and environmental policy Over 4,000 entries explore the following key themes and more: Conservation Demographic change Environmental management Environmental policy Environmental security Food security Glaciation Green Revolution Human impact on environment Industrialization Landuse change Military impacts on environment Mining and mining impacts Nuclear energy Pollution Renewable resources Solar energy Sustainability Tourism Trade Water resources Water security Wildlife conservation The comprehensive coverage of terminology includes layers of entries ranging from one-line definitions to short essays, making this an invaluable companion for any student of physical geography, environmental geography or environmental sciences.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 884 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Soil science
ISBN : CORNELL:31924063030971

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Transactions by Anonim Pdf