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Arab Roots of Gemology by Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf Tīfāshī Pdf
Samar Najm Abul Huda's translation of Ahmad ibn Yusuf al Tifaschi's study of gems. Born in 1184, Al Tifaschi first learned about gems from his father, and augmented his knowledge through readings of Aristotle, Theophrastus, and Pliny, as well as through extensive travels to mines and trading centers. In 1253, he wrote what later became known as the most 'methodical and complete' work on precious stones. Gemologists of today are still astounded by the advanced observations that Al Tifaschi made in this work.
Gems and Gemmology by Stefanos Karampelas,Lore Kiefert,Danilo Bersani,Peter Vandenabeele Pdf
This book provides a lucid introduction to the basics of gemmology. It familiarizes archaeologists, art historians and conservators with the science of gemstones and allows them to understand the basic concepts of their provenance, typology and treatments. Which are the main types of gems? What treatments can be applied? How does one analyse gems? How can gems contribute to archaeometrical research? This volume is written by four experts in the fields of gemmology and archaeometry and addresses both students who need an introduction to this field and professionals who want to refresh their knowledge of the topic. This work is part of a series of introductory texts that deal with a broad range of materials-related topics in archaeometry.
This book traces the journeys of a stone across the world. From its remote point of origin in the city of Nishapur in eastern Iran, turquoise was traded through India, Central Asia, and the Near East, becoming an object of imperial exchange between the Safavid, Mughal, and Ottoman empires. Along this trail unfolds the story of turquoise--a phosphate of aluminum and copper formed in rocks below the surface of the earth--and its discovery and export as a global commodity. In the material culture and imperial regalia of early modern Islamic tributary empires moving from the steppe to the sown, turquoise was a sacred stone and a potent symbol of power projected in vivid color displays. From the empires of Islamic Eurasia, the turquoise trade reached Europe, where the stone was collected as an exotic object from the East. The Eurasian trade lasted into the nineteenth century, when the oldest mines in Iran collapsed and lost Aztec mines in the Americas reopened, unearthing more accessible sources of the stone to rival the Persian blue. Sky Blue Stone recounts the origins, trade, and circulation of a natural object in the context of the history of Islamic Eurasia and global encounters between empire and nature.
O ye Gentlemen: Arabic Studies on Science and Literary Culture by Arnoud Vrolijk,Jan Hogendijk Pdf
O ye Gentlemen explores two permanent and vital strands in Arabic culture: the Greek tradition in science and philosophy and the literary tradition. More than thirty essays demonstrate that the strands freely interweave within the broader scope of Schrifttum.
Chinese Circulations by Eric Tagliacozzo,Wen-chin Chang Pdf
This collection of twenty essays provides an unprecedented overview of Chinese trade through the centuries, highlighting its scope, diversity, complexity, and the commodities that have linked it with Southeast Asia.
Islamicate Occult Sciences in Theory and Practice by Anonim Pdf
Islamicate Occult Sciences in Theory and Practice brings together the latest research on Islamic occult sciences from a variety of disciplinary perspectives, namely intellectual history, manuscript studies and material culture. Its aim is not only to showcase the range of pioneering work that is currently being done in these areas, but also to provide a model for closer interaction amongst the disciplines constituting this burgeoning field of study. Furthermore, the book provides the rare opportunity to bridge the gap on an institutional level by bringing the academic and curatorial spheres into dialogue. Contributors include: Charles Burnett, Jean-Charles Coulon, Maryam Ekhtiar, Noah Gardiner, Christiane Gruber, Bink Hallum, Francesca Leoni, Matthew Melvin-Koushki, Michael Noble, Rachel Parikh, Liana Saif, Maria Subtelny, Farouk Yahya, and Travis Zadeh.
The Book of Charlatans by Jamāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥīm al-Jawbarī Pdf
"The Book of Charlatans is a comprehensive guide to trickery and scams as practiced in the thirteenth century in the cities of the Middle East, especially in Syria and Egypt"--
Author : J. Cale Johnson Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG Page : 336 pages File Size : 41,9 Mb Release : 2015-11-13 Category : History ISBN : 9781501502507
In the Wake of the Compendia by J. Cale Johnson Pdf
In the Wake of the Compendia examines the composition of technical literature in the ancient Semitic-speaking world. Compendia on astrology, magic, medicine, lexicography, and alchemy were composed in several languages and relate to earlier Mesopotamian models. This volume offers new perspectives on the early history of these compendia and their subsequent transmission into later post-cuneiform compilations, curricula, and scholarly writings.
Islamic art is justly famed for its technological sophistication, varied approaches to ornament, and innovative employment of the written word. But what do we know about the skilled artisans who spent their lives designing and creating the paintings, objects and buildings that are so admired today? This anthology of written sources (dating from the seventh to the twentieth centuries) explores numerous aspects of the crafts of the Middle East from the processing of raw materials to the manufacture of finished artefacts. You will learn about: the legal and ethical dimensions of the arts and crafts, the organisation of labour in urban and rural contexts, the everyday lives of artisans, the gendered dimensions of making things, and the impact of industrialisation upon traditional methods of manufacture. Each chapter begins with an introduction providing a wider context for the primary sources. There are also suggestions for further reading.
Tales Things Tell by Finbarr Barry Flood,Beate Fricke Pdf
"How can we understand the past in the absence of written records? Pre-modern histories of cross-cultural exchange pose a particular problem for medieval historians. They are marked by the long-distance mobility of concepts, individuals, and materials, and many of them cannot be reconstructed from the standard source texts on which historians usually depend. They exist without named makers, both outside and beyond official documents and court chronicles. The same is true of artisans responsible for crafting objects whose circulation and reception defined aesthetic, economic, and technological networks that may not have conformed to political or sectarian boundaries. Authored by two leading medieval historians of the Middle East, Africa, and Europe, Object Lessons addresses the gaps in medieval sources and modern scholarship, arguing for the archival value of objects, images, and monuments. Flood and Fricke examine six case studies that focus on the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. From the stone carvings at the churches of Lalibela, Ethiopia, which have no textual documentation, to medicinal bowls from Iraq for which some data can be gathered from unassociated but contemporary sources, these studies show how imagery and objects traveled across continents. The authors connect the histories of medieval Europe, Africa, and west Asia, and raise significant questions about "out of place" objects and how, in the absence of substantial archival material, we might write their histories. While there have been many publications on the histories of global circulation, most of them focus on the early modern period in Europe. By moving away from histories with abundant written archival material, Object Lessons ventures far beyond the narratives of Europe and into complex, cross-cultural and intercontinental histories of objects and images"--
A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture by Finbarr Barry Flood,Gulru Necipoglu Pdf
The two-volume Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture bridges the gap between monograph and survey text by providing a new level of access and interpretation to Islamic art. The more than 50 newly commissioned essays revisit canonical topics, and include original approaches and scholarship on neglected aspects of the field. This two-volume Companion showcases more than 50 specially commissioned essays and an introduction that survey Islamic art and architecture in all its traditional grandeur Essays are organized according to a new chronological-geographical paradigm that remaps the unprecedented expansion of the field and reflects the nuances of major artistic and political developments during the 1400-year span The Companion represents recent developments in the field, and encourages future horizons by commissioning innovative essays that provide fresh perspectives on canonical subjects, such as early Islamic art, sacred spaces, palaces, urbanism, ornament, arts of the book, and the portable arts while introducing others that have been previously neglected, including unexplored geographies and periods, transregional connectivities, talismans and magic, consumption and networks of portability, museums and collecting, and contemporary art worlds; the essays entail strong comparative and historiographic dimensions The volumes are accompanied by a map, and each subsection is preceded by a brief outline of the main cultural and historical developments during the period in question The volumes include periods and regions typically excluded from survey books including modern and contemporary art-architecture; China, Indonesia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Sicily, the New World (Americas)
Archaeology and Geology of Ancient Egyptian Stones by James A. Harrell Pdf
This book seeks to identify and describe all the rocks and minerals employed by the ancient Egyptians using proper geological nomenclature, and to give an account of their sources in so far as they are known. The various uses of the stones are described, as well as the technologies employed to extract, transport, carve, and thermally treat them.
Author : B. L. Molyneaux Publisher : Taylor & Francis Page : 317 pages File Size : 53,8 Mb Release : 2022-07-14 Category : Social Science ISBN : 9781351053082
Ideology dominates social research, encouraged by rejections of nature and the past, and often ignores the direct experience of actual people. This archaeological study takes a different approach, grounding concepts of culture, landscape and art in ecological relations that embrace all of life. An ecological approach considers that life exists in the interactions of people with the environment surrounding them. This theoretical grounding therefore supports research at a local scale and validates the analysis of individual effort. The case studies explore individual perception, action and expression in a startlingly diverse set of objects and features from the past: natural and constructed monuments, ancient and recent rock paintings, petroglyphs, fresco paintings and impressionist landscape art. While traditional cultural approaches render ordinary people as proxies, these individuals, as members of families and communities, do the actual work of society, using their senses, bodies and minds. The analysis here therefore turns away from traditional speculations about the meanings of cultural things to look for evidence of the personal choices of travelers, inhabitants, pilgrims and artists as they acted, and attempt to gain insights from these decisions about the past as lived. The book will be of interest to scholars, researchers and advanced students in culture and society who may be restless in theatres of discourse dominated by self-affirming narratives, who wish to consider the fields of possibility in an environmental perspective that integrates culture with nature and humans with other beings in a singular, physical world.
Insights into Portuguese Medical History by Maria do Sameiro Barroso,Christopher John Duffin,João Alcindo Martins e Silva Pdf
Despite its richness as a potential research field, the history of medicine in Portugal has received relatively little attention outside the country. This book develops some of the understudied themes of Portuguese medical history and delivers them to a wider audience by bringing together the work of a group of international scholars. Here, a unique set of innovative studies begins to uncover details of the lives, medical practice and research of some famous and less well-known Portuguese physicians, the Portuguese response to past pandemics, and analyses of a wide range of items of medical material culture and materia medica. The contributions here elucidate topics as wide-ranging as Graeco-Roman medicine and surgery, the history of spectacles, defence against plague and other epidemics, the history of medicinal emeralds and cinchonine, and echoes of the first female forensic physician in Portugal. This book will appeal to all those with an interest in the history of science, and especially those who enjoy the history of medicine and pharmacy.