Arm 64 Bit Assembly Language

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ARM 64-Bit Assembly Language

Larry D Pyeatt,William Ughetta
ARM 64 Bit Assembly Language Book PDF

Author : Larry D Pyeatt,William Ughetta
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128192221

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ARM 64-Bit Assembly Language by Larry D Pyeatt,William Ughetta Pdf

ARM 64-Bit Assembly Language carefully explains the concepts of assembly language programming, slowly building from simple examples towards complex programming on bare-metal embedded systems. Considerable emphasis is put on showing how to develop good, structured assembly code. More advanced topics such as fixed and floating point mathematics, optimization and the ARM VFP and NEON extensions are also covered. This book will help readers understand representations of, and arithmetic operations on, integral and real numbers in any base, giving them a basic understanding of processor architectures, instruction sets, and more. This resource provides an ideal introduction to the principles of 64-bit ARM assembly programming for both the professional engineer and computer engineering student, as well as the dedicated hobbyist with a 64-bit ARM-based computer. Represents the first true 64-bit ARM textbook Covers advanced topics such as ?xed and ?oating point mathematics, optimization and ARM NEON Uses standard, free open-source tools rather than expensive proprietary tools Provides concepts that are illustrated and reinforced with a large number of tested and debugged assembly and C source listings

Programming with 64-Bit ARM Assembly Language

Stephen Smith
Programming with 64 Bit ARM Assembly Language Book PDF

Author : Stephen Smith
Publisher : Apress
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2020-05-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781484258811

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Programming with 64-Bit ARM Assembly Language by Stephen Smith Pdf

Mastering ARM hardware architecture opens a world of programming for nearly all phones and tablets including the iPhone/iPad and most Android phones. It’s also the heart of many single board computers like the Raspberry Pi. Gain the skills required to dive into the fundamentals of the ARM hardware architecture with this book and start your own projects while you develop a working knowledge of assembly language for the ARM 64-bit processor. You'll review assembly language programming for the ARM Processor in 64-bit mode and write programs for a number of single board computers, including the Nvidia Jetson Nano and the Raspberry Pi (running 64-bit Linux). The book also discusses how to target assembly language programs for Apple iPhones and iPads along with 64-Bit ARM based Android phones and tablets. It covers all the tools you require, the basics of the ARM hardware architecture, all the groups of ARM 64-Bit Assembly instructions, and how data is stored in the computer’s memory. In addition, interface apps to hardware such as the Raspberry Pi’s GPIO ports. The book covers code optimization, as well as how to inter-operate with C and Python code. Readers will develop enough background to use the official ARM reference documentation for their own projects. With Programming with 64-Bit ARM Assembly Language as your guide you’ll study how to read, reverse engineer and hack machine code, then be able to apply these new skills to study code examples and take control of both your ARM devices’ hardware and software. What You'll LearnMake operating system calls from assembly language and include other software libraries in your projects Interface apps to hardware devices such as the Raspberry Pi GPIO ports Reverse engineer and hack code Use the official ARM reference documentation for your own projects Who This Book Is For Software developers who have already learned to program in a higher-level language like Python, Java, C#, or even C and now wish to learn Assembly programming.

Raspberry Pi Assembly Language Programming

Stephen Smith
Raspberry Pi Assembly Language Programming Book PDF

Author : Stephen Smith
Publisher : Apress
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781484252871

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Raspberry Pi Assembly Language Programming by Stephen Smith Pdf

Gain all the skills required to dive into the fundamentals of the Raspberry Pi hardware architecture and how data is stored in the Pi’s memory. This book provides you with working starting points for your own projects while you develop a working knowledge of Assembly language programming on the Raspberry Pi. You'll learn how to interface to the Pi’s hardware including accessing the GPIO ports. The book will cover the basics of code optimization as well as how to inter-operate with C and Python code, so you'll develop enough background to use the official ARM reference documentation for further projects. With Raspberry Pi Assembly Language Programming as your guide you'll study how to read and reverse engineer machine code and then then apply those new skills to study code examples and take control of your Pi’s hardware and software both. What You'll Learn Program basic ARM 32-Bit Assembly Language Interface with the various hardware devices on the Raspberry Pi Comprehend code containing Assembly language Use the official ARM reference documentation Who This Book Is For Coders who have already learned to program in a higher-level language like Python, Java, C#, or C and now wish to learn Assembly programming.

ARM Assembly Language

William Hohl,Christopher Hinds
ARM Assembly Language Book PDF

Author : William Hohl,Christopher Hinds
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 453 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2014-10-20
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781482229868

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ARM Assembly Language by William Hohl,Christopher Hinds Pdf

Delivering a solid introduction to assembly language and embedded systems, ARM Assembly Language: Fundamentals and Techniques, Second Edition continues to support the popular ARM7TDMI, but also addresses the latest architectures from ARM, including CortexTM-A, Cortex-R, and Cortex-M processors—all of which have slightly different instruction sets, programmer’s models, and exception handling. Featuring three brand-new chapters, a new appendix, and expanded coverage of the ARM7TM, this edition: Discusses IEEE 754 floating-point arithmetic and explains how to program with the IEEE standard notation Contains step-by-step directions for the use of KeilTM MDK-ARM and Texas Instruments (TI) Code Composer StudioTM Provides a resource to be used alongside a variety of hardware evaluation modules, such as TI’s Tiva Launchpad, STMicroelectronics’ iNemo and Discovery, and NXP Semiconductors’ Xplorer boards Written by experienced ARM processor designers, ARM Assembly Language: Fundamentals and Techniques, Second Edition covers the topics essential to writing meaningful assembly programs, making it an ideal textbook and professional reference.

Modern Arm Assembly Language Programming

Daniel Kusswurm
Modern Arm Assembly Language Programming Book PDF

Author : Daniel Kusswurm
Publisher : Apress
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03-18
Category : Computers
ISBN : 1484262662

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Modern Arm Assembly Language Programming by Daniel Kusswurm Pdf

Gain the fundamentals of Armv8-A 32-bit and 64-bit assembly language programming. This book emphasizes Armv8-A assembly language topics that are relevant to modern software development. It is designed to help you quickly understand Armv8-A assembly language programming and the computational resources of Arm’s SIMD platform. It also contains an abundance of source code that is structured to accelerate learning and comprehension of essential Armv8-A assembly language constructs and SIMD programming concepts. After reading this book, you will be able to code performance-optimized functions and algorithms using Armv8- A 32-bit and 64-bit assembly language. Modern Arm Assembly Language Programming accentuates the coding of Armv8-A 32-bit and 64-bit assembly language functions that are callable from C++. Multiple chapters are also devoted to Armv8-A SIMD assembly language programming. These chapters discuss how to code functions that are used in computationally intense applications such as machine learning, image processing, audio and video encoding, and computer graphics. The source code examples were developed using the GNU toolchain (g++, gas, and make) and tested on a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B running Raspbian (32-bit) and Ubuntu Server (64-bit). It is important to note that this is a book about Armv8-A assembly language programming and not the Raspberry Pi. What You Will Learn See essential details about the Armv8-A 32-bit and 64-bit architectures including data types, general purpose registers, floating-point and SIMD registers, and addressing modes Use the Armv8-A 32-bit and 64-bit instruction sets to create performance-enhancing functions that are callable from C++ Employ Armv8-A assembly language to efficiently manipulate common data types and programming constructs including integers, arrays, matrices, and user-defined structures Create assembly language functions that perform scalar floating-point arithmetic using the Armv8-A 32-bit and 64-bit instruction sets Harness the Armv8-A SIMD instruction sets to significantly accelerate the performance of computationally intense algorithms in applications such as machine learning, image processing, computer graphics, mathematics, and statistics. Apply leading-edge coding strategies and techniques to optimally exploit the Armv8-A 32-bit and 64-bit instruction sets for maximum possible performance Who This Book Is For Software developers who are creating programs for Armv8-A platforms and want to learn how to code performance-enhancing algorithms and functions using the Armv8-A 32-bit and 64-bit instruction sets. Readers should have previous high-level language programming experience and a basic understanding of C++.

The Art of 64-Bit Assembly, Volume 1

Randall Hyde
The Art of 64 Bit Assembly Volume 1 Book PDF

Author : Randall Hyde
Publisher : No Starch Press
Page : 1034 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2021-11-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781718501089

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The Art of 64-Bit Assembly, Volume 1 by Randall Hyde Pdf

A new assembly language programming book from a well-loved master. Art of 64-bit Assembly Language capitalizes on the long-lived success of Hyde's seminal The Art of Assembly Language. Randall Hyde's The Art of Assembly Language has been the go-to book for learning assembly language for decades. Hyde's latest work, Art of 64-bit Assembly Language is the 64-bit version of this popular text. This book guides you through the maze of assembly language programming by showing how to write assembly code that mimics operations in High-Level Languages. This leverages your HLL knowledge to rapidly understand x86-64 assembly language. This new work uses the Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM), the most popular x86-64 assembler today. Hyde covers the standard integer set, as well as the x87 FPU, SIMD parallel instructions, SIMD scalar instructions (including high-performance floating-point instructions), and MASM's very powerful macro facilities. You'll learn in detail: how to implement high-level language data and control structures in assembly language; how to write parallel algorithms using the SIMD (single-instruction, multiple-data) instructions on the x86-64; and how to write stand alone assembly programs and assembly code to link with HLL code. You'll also learn how to optimize certain algorithms in assembly to produce faster code.

Modern Assembly Language Programming with the ARM Processor

Larry D Pyeatt
Modern Assembly Language Programming with the ARM Processor Book PDF

Author : Larry D Pyeatt
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 554 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780443141157

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Modern Assembly Language Programming with the ARM Processor by Larry D Pyeatt Pdf

Modern Assembly Language Programming with the ARM Processor, Second Edition is a tutorial-based book on assembly language programming using the ARM processor. It presents the concepts of assembly language programming in different ways, slowly building from simple examples towards complex programming on bare-metal embedded systems. The ARM processor was chosen as it has fewer instructions and irregular addressing rules to learn than most other architectures, allowing more time to spend on teaching assembly language programming concepts and good programming practice. Careful consideration is given to topics that students struggle to grasp, such as registers vs. memory and the relationship between pointers and addresses, recursion, and non-integral binary mathematics. A whole chapter is dedicated to structured programming principles. Concepts are illustrated and reinforced with many tested and debugged assembly and C source listings. The book also covers advanced topics such as fixed- and floating-point mathematics, optimization, and the ARM VFP and NEONTM extensions. Includes concepts that are illustrated and reinforced with a large number of tested and debugged assembly and C source listing Intended for use on very low-cost platforms, such as the Raspberry Pi or pcDuino, but with the support of a full Linux operating system and development tools Includes discussions of advanced topics, such as fixed and floating point mathematics, optimization, and the ARM VFP and NEON extensions Explores ethical issues involving safety-critical applications Features updated content, including a new chapter on the Thumb instruction set

Modern X86 Assembly Language Programming

Daniel Kusswurm
Modern X86 Assembly Language Programming Book PDF

Author : Daniel Kusswurm
Publisher : Apress
Page : 617 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781484240632

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Modern X86 Assembly Language Programming by Daniel Kusswurm Pdf

Gain the fundamentals of x86 64-bit assembly language programming and focus on the updated aspects of the x86 instruction set that are most relevant to application software development. This book covers topics including x86 64-bit programming and Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) programming. The focus in this second edition is exclusively on 64-bit base programming architecture and AVX programming. Modern X86 Assembly Language Programming’s structure and sample code are designed to help you quickly understand x86 assembly language programming and the computational capabilities of the x86 platform. After reading and using this book, you’ll be able to code performance-enhancing functions and algorithms using x86 64-bit assembly language and the AVX, AVX2 and AVX-512 instruction set extensions. What You Will Learn Discover details of the x86 64-bit platform including its core architecture, data types, registers, memory addressing modes, and the basic instruction set Use the x86 64-bit instruction set to create performance-enhancing functions that are callable from a high-level language (C++) Employ x86 64-bit assembly language to efficiently manipulate common data types and programming constructs including integers, text strings, arrays, and structures Use the AVX instruction set to perform scalar floating-point arithmetic Exploit the AVX, AVX2, and AVX-512 instruction sets to significantly accelerate the performance of computationally-intense algorithms in problem domains such as image processing, computer graphics, mathematics, and statistics Apply various coding strategies and techniques to optimally exploit the x86 64-bit, AVX, AVX2, and AVX-512 instruction sets for maximum possible performance Who This Book Is For Software developers who want to learn how to write code using x86 64-bit assembly language. It’s also ideal for software developers who already have a basic understanding of x86 32-bit or 64-bit assembly language programming and are interested in learning how to exploit the SIMD capabilities of AVX, AVX2 and AVX-512.

Modern X86 Assembly Language Programming

Daniel Kusswurm
Modern X86 Assembly Language Programming Book PDF

Author : Daniel Kusswurm
Publisher : Apress
Page : 685 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2014-11-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781484200643

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Modern X86 Assembly Language Programming by Daniel Kusswurm Pdf

Modern X86 Assembly Language Programming shows the fundamentals of x86 assembly language programming. It focuses on the aspects of the x86 instruction set that are most relevant to application software development. The book's structure and sample code are designed to help the reader quickly understand x86 assembly language programming and the computational capabilities of the x86 platform. Please note: Book appendixes can be downloaded here: http://www.apress.com/9781484200650 Major topics of the book include the following: 32-bit core architecture, data types, internal registers, memory addressing modes, and the basic instruction set X87 core architecture, register stack, special purpose registers, floating-point encodings, and instruction set MMX technology and instruction set Streaming SIMD extensions (SSE) and Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) including internal registers, packed integer arithmetic, packed and scalar floating-point arithmetic, and associated instruction sets 64-bit core architecture, data types, internal registers, memory addressing modes, and the basic instruction set 64-bit extensions to SSE and AVX technologies X86 assembly language optimization strategies and techniques

ARM Assembly for Embedded Applications

Daniel W Lewis
ARM Assembly for Embedded Applications Book PDF

Author : Daniel W Lewis
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2019-04-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 109254223X

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ARM Assembly for Embedded Applications by Daniel W Lewis Pdf

ARM Assembly for Embedded Applications is a text for a sophomore-level course in computer science, computer engineering, or electrical engineering that teaches students how to write functions in ARM assembly called by a C program. The C/Assembly interface (i.e., function call, parameter passing, return values, register conventions) is presented early so that students can write simple functions in assembly as soon as possible. The text then covers the details of arithmetic, bit manipulation, making decisions, loops, integer arithmetic, real arithmetic using floating-point and fixed-point representations, composite data types, inline coding and I/O programming. The text uses the GNU ARM Embedded Toolchain for program development on Windows, Linux or OS X operating systems, and is supported by a textbook website that provides numerous resources including PowerPoint lecture slides, programming assignments and a run-time library.What's new: This 5th edition adds an entirely new chapter on floating-point emulation that presents an implementation of the IEEE floating-point specification in C as a model for conversion to assembly. By positioning it just after the chapter on the hardware floating-point unit, students will have a better understanding of the complexity of emulation and thus why the use of fixed-point reals presented in the following chapter is preferred when run-time performance is important.Numerous additional material has been added throughout the book. For example, a technique for mapping compound conditionals to assembly using vertically-constrained flowcharts provides an alternative to symbolic manipulation using DeMorgan's law. Visually-oriented students often find the new technique to be easier and a natural analog to the sequential structure of instruction execution. The text also clarifies how instructions and constants are held in non-volatile flash memory while data, the stack and the heap are held in read-write memory. With this foundation, it then explains why the address distance between these two regions and the limited range of address displacements restrict the use of PC-relative addressing to that of loading read-only data, and why access to read-write data requires the use of a two-instruction sequence.

Introduction to Computer Organization

Robert G. Plantz
Introduction to Computer Organization Book PDF

Author : Robert G. Plantz
Publisher : No Starch Press
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2022-01-25
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781718500105

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Introduction to Computer Organization by Robert G. Plantz Pdf

This hands-on tutorial is a broad examination of how a modern computer works. Classroom tested for over a decade, it gives readers a firm understanding of how computers do what they do, covering essentials like data storage, logic gates and transistors, data types, the CPU, assembly, and machine code. Introduction to Computer Organization gives programmers a practical understanding of what happens in a computer when you execute your code. You may never have to write x86-64 assembly language or design hardware yourself, but knowing how the hardware and software works will give you greater control and confidence over your coding decisions. We start with high level fundamental concepts like memory organization, binary logic, and data types and then explore how they are implemented at the assembly language level. The goal isn’t to make you an assembly programmer, but to help you comprehend what happens behind the scenes between running your program and seeing “Hello World” displayed on the screen. Classroom-tested for over a decade, this book will demystify topics like: How to translate a high-level language code into assembly language How the operating system manages hardware resources with exceptions and interrupts How data is encoded in memory How hardware switches handle decimal data How program code gets transformed into machine code the computer understands How pieces of hardware like the CPU, input/output, and memory interact to make the entire system work Author Robert Plantz takes a practical approach to the material, providing examples and exercises on every page, without sacrificing technical details. Learning how to think like a computer will help you write better programs, in any language, even if you never look at another line of assembly code again.

Beginning x64 Assembly Programming

Jo Van Hoey
Beginning x64 Assembly Programming Book PDF

Author : Jo Van Hoey
Publisher : Apress
Page : 407 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781484250761

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Beginning x64 Assembly Programming by Jo Van Hoey Pdf

Program in assembly starting with simple and basic programs, all the way up to AVX programming. By the end of this book, you will be able to write and read assembly code, mix assembly with higher level languages, know what AVX is, and a lot more than that. The code used in Beginning x64 Assembly Programming is kept as simple as possible, which means: no graphical user interfaces or whistles and bells or error checking. Adding all these nice features would distract your attention from the purpose: learning assembly language. The theory is limited to a strict minimum: a little bit on binary numbers, a short presentation of logical operators, and some limited linear algebra. And we stay far away from doing floating point conversions. The assembly code is presented in complete programs, so that you can test them on your computer, play with them, change them, break them. This book will also show you what tools can be used, how to use them, and the potential problems in those tools. It is not the intention to give you a comprehensive course on all of the assembly instructions, which is impossible in one book: look at the size of the Intel Manuals. Instead, the author will give you a taste of the main items, so that you will have an idea about what is going on. If you work through this book, you will acquire the knowledge to investigate certain domains more in detail on your own. The majority of the book is dedicated to assembly on Linux, because it is the easiest platform to learn assembly language. At the end the author provides a number of chapters to get you on your way with assembly on Windows. You will see that once you have Linux assembly under your belt, it is much easier to take on Windows assembly. This book should not be the first book you read on programming, if you have never programmed before, put this book aside for a while and learn some basics of programming with a higher-level language such as C. What You Will LearnDiscover how a CPU and memory worksAppreciate how a computer and operating system work togetherSee how high-level language compilers generate machine language, and use that knowledge to write more efficient codeBe better equipped to analyze bugs in your programsGet your program working, which is the fun partInvestigate malware and take the necessary actions and precautions Who This Book Is For Programmers in high level languages. It is also for systems engineers and security engineers working for malware investigators. Required knowledge: Linux, Windows, virtualization, and higher level programming languages (preferably C or C++).

Arm Assembly Language Programming & Architecture

Muhammad Ali Mazidi,Sarmad Naimi,Sepehr Naimi
Arm Assembly Language Programming Architecture Book PDF

Author : Muhammad Ali Mazidi,Sarmad Naimi,Sepehr Naimi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2016-08-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0997925906

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Arm Assembly Language Programming & Architecture by Muhammad Ali Mazidi,Sarmad Naimi,Sepehr Naimi Pdf

Who uses ARM? Currently ARM CPU is licensed and produced by more than 200 companies and is the dominant CPU chip in both cell phones and tablets. Given its RISC architecture and powerful 32-bit instructions set, it can be used for both 8-bit and 32-bit embedded products. The ARM corp. has already defined the 64-bit instruction extension and for that reason many Laptop and Server manufactures are introducing ARM-based Laptop and Servers. Who will use our textbook? This book is intended for both academic and industry readers. If you are using this book for a university course, the support materials and tutorials can be found on www.MicroDigitalEd.com. This book covers the Assembly language programming of the ARM chip. The ARM Assembly language is standard regardless of who makes the chip. The ARM licensees are free to implement the on-chip peripheral (ADC, Timers, I/O, etc.) as they choose. Since the ARM peripherals are not standard among the various vendors, we have dedicated a separate book to each vendor.

Assembly Language Step-by-Step

Jeff Duntemann
Assembly Language Step by Step Book PDF

Author : Jeff Duntemann
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 596 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2011-03-03
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781118080993

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Assembly Language Step-by-Step by Jeff Duntemann Pdf

The eagerly anticipated new edition of the bestselling introduction to x86 assembly language The long-awaited third edition of this bestselling introduction to assembly language has been completely rewritten to focus on 32-bit protected-mode Linux and the free NASM assembler. Assembly is the fundamental language bridging human ideas and the pure silicon hearts of computers, and popular author Jeff Dunteman retains his distinctive lighthearted style as he presents a step-by-step approach to this difficult technical discipline. He starts at the very beginning, explaining the basic ideas of programmable computing, the binary and hexadecimal number systems, the Intel x86 computer architecture, and the process of software development under Linux. From that foundation he systematically treats the x86 instruction set, memory addressing, procedures, macros, and interface to the C-language code libraries upon which Linux itself is built. Serves as an ideal introduction to x86 computing concepts, as demonstrated by the only language directly understood by the CPU itself Uses an approachable, conversational style that assumes no prior experience in programming of any kind Presents x86 architecture and assembly concepts through a cumulative tutorial approach that is ideal for self-paced instruction Focuses entirely on free, open-source software, including Ubuntu Linux, the NASM assembler, the Kate editor, and the Gdb/Insight debugger Includes an x86 instruction set reference for the most common machine instructions, specifically tailored for use by programming beginners Woven into the presentation are plenty of assembly code examples, plus practical tips on software design, coding, testing, and debugging, all using free, open-source software that may be downloaded without charge from the Internet.

The Art of Assembly Language, 2nd Edition

Randall Hyde
The Art of Assembly Language 2nd Edition Book PDF

Author : Randall Hyde
Publisher : No Starch Press
Page : 764 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2010-03-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781593273019

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The Art of Assembly Language, 2nd Edition by Randall Hyde Pdf

Assembly is a low-level programming language that's one step above a computer's native machine language. Although assembly language is commonly used for writing device drivers, emulators, and video games, many programmers find its somewhat unfriendly syntax intimidating to learn and use. Since 1996, Randall Hyde's The Art of Assembly Language has provided a comprehensive, plain-English, and patient introduction to 32-bit x86 assembly for non-assembly programmers. Hyde's primary teaching tool, High Level Assembler (or HLA), incorporates many of the features found in high-level languages (like C, C++, and Java) to help you quickly grasp basic assembly concepts. HLA lets you write true low-level code while enjoying the benefits of high-level language programming. As you read The Art of Assembly Language, you'll learn the low-level theory fundamental to computer science and turn that understanding into real, functional code. You'll learn how to: –Edit, compile, and run HLA programs –Declare and use constants, scalar variables, pointers, arrays, structures, unions, and namespaces –Translate arithmetic expressions (integer and floating point) –Convert high-level control structures This much anticipated second edition of The Art of Assembly Language has been updated to reflect recent changes to HLA and to support Linux, Mac OS X, and FreeBSD. Whether you're new to programming or you have experience with high-level languages, The Art of Assembly Language, 2nd Edition is your essential guide to learning this complex, low-level language.