Armenian Question

Author : Charlie Laderman
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190618605

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Sharing the Burden by Charlie Laderman Pdf

The destruction of the Armenian community in the Ottoman Empire was an unprecedented tragedy. Even amidst the horrors of the First World War, Theodore Roosevelt insisted that it was the greatest crime of the conflict. The wartime mass killing of approximately one million Armenian Christians was the culmination of a series of massacres that Winston Churchill would later recall had roused publics on both sides of the Atlantic and inspired fervent appeals to save the Armenians. Sharing the Burden explains how the Armenian struggle for survival became so entangled with the debate over the international role of the United States as it rose to world power status in the early twentieth century. In doing so, Charlie Laderman provides a fresh perspective on the role of humanitarian intervention in US foreign policy, Anglo-American relations, and the emergence of a new world order after World War I. The United States' responsibility to protect the Armenians was a central preoccupation of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson. Both American and British leaders proposed an Anglo-American alliance to take joint responsibilities for the Middle East and envisioned a US intervention to secure an independent Armenia as key to the new League of Nations. The Armenian question illustrates how policymakers, missionaries, and the public grappled for the first time with atrocities on this scale. It also reveals the values that animated American society during this pivotal period in the nation's foreign relations. Deepening understanding of the Anglo-American special relationship and its role in reforming global order, Sharing the Burden illuminates the possibilities, limitations, and continued dilemmas of humanitarian intervention in international politics.

Author : Arman Dzhonovich Kirakosi︠a︡n
Publisher : Gomidas Institute
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : History
ISBN : 1884630073

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British Diplomacy and the Armenian Question by Arman Dzhonovich Kirakosi︠a︡n Pdf

Author : Özlem Belçim Galip
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9783030594008

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New Social Movements and the Armenian Question in Turkey by Özlem Belçim Galip Pdf

This book explores and comparatively assesses how Armenians as minorities have been represented in modern Turkey from the twentieth century through to the present day, with a particular focus on the period since the first electoral victory of the AKP (Justice and Development Party) in 2002. It examines how social movements led by intellectuals and activists have challenged the Turkish state and called for democratization, and explores key issues related to Armenian identity. Drawing on new social movements theory, this book sheds light on the dynamics of minority identity politics in contemporary Turkey and highlights the importance of political protest.

Author : Vahakn N. Dadrian
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : History
ISBN : 1571816666

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The History of the Armenian Genocide by Vahakn N. Dadrian Pdf

Dadrian, a former professor at SUNY, Geneseo, currently directs a genocide study project supported by the Guggenheim Foundation. The present study analyzes the devastating wartime destruction of the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire as the cataclysmic culmination of a historical process involving the progressive Turkish decimation of the Armenians through intermittent and incremental massacres. In addition to the excellent general bibliography there is an annotated bibliography of selected books used in the study. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author : Nevzat Uyanık
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2015-09-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317428992

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Dismantling the Ottoman Empire by Nevzat Uyanık Pdf

Prior to World War I, American involvement in Armenian affairs was limited to missionary and educational interests. This was contrary to Britain, which had played a key role in the diplomatic arena since the Treaty of Berlin in 1878, when the Armenian question had become a subject of great power diplomacy. However, by the end of the war the dynamics of the international system had undergone drastic change, with America emerging as one of the primary powers politically involved in the Armenian issue. Dismantling the Ottoman Empire explores this evolution of the United States’ role in the Near East, from politically distant and isolated power to assertive major player. Through careful analysis of the interaction of Anglo-American policies vis-à-vis the Ottoman Armenians, from the Great War through the Lausanne Peace Conference, it examines the change in British and American strategies towards the region in light of the tension between the notions of new diplomacy vs. old diplomacy. The book also highlights the conflict between humanitarianism and geostrategic interests, which was a particularly striking aspect of the Armenian question during the war and post war period. Using material drawn from public and personal archives and collections, it sheds light on the geopolitical dynamics and intricacies of great power politics with their long-lasting effects on the reshuffling of the Middle East. The book would be of interest to scholars and students of political & diplomatic history, Near Eastern affairs, American and British diplomacy in the beginning of the twentieth century, the history of the Ottoman Empire, the Middle East and the Caucasus.

Author : Vahakn N. Dadrian,Taner Akçam
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2011-12-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780857452863

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Judgment At Istanbul by Vahakn N. Dadrian,Taner Akçam Pdf

Turkey’s bid to join the European Union has lent new urgency to the issue of the Armenian Genocide as differing interpretations of the genocide are proving to be a major reason for the delay of the its accession. This book provides vital background information and is a prime source of legal evidence and authentic Turkish eyewitness testimony of the intent and the crime of genocide against the Armenians. After a long and painstaking effort, the authors, one an Armenian, the other a Turk, generally recognized as the foremost experts on the Armenian Genocide, have prepared a new, authoritative translation and detailed analysis of the Takvim-i Vekâyi, the official Ottoman Government record of the Turkish Military Tribunals concerning the crimes committed against the Armenians during World War I. The authors have compiled the documentation of the trial proceedings for the first time in English and situated them within their historical and legal context. These documents show that Wartime Cabinet ministers, Young Turk party leaders, and a number of others inculpated in these crimes were court-martialed by the Turkish Military Tribunals in the years immediately following World War I. Most were found guilty and received sentences ranging from prison with hard labor to death. In remarkable contrast to Nuremberg, the Turkish Military Tribunals were conducted solely on the basis of existing Ottoman domestic penal codes. This substitution of a national for an international criminal court stands in history as a unique initiative of national self-condemnation. This compilation is significantly enhanced by an extensive analysis of the historical background, political nature and legal implications of the criminal prosecution of the twentieth century’s first state-sponsored crime of genocide.

Author : M. Gunter
Publisher : Springer
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2011-05-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780230118874

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Armenian History and the Question of Genocide by M. Gunter Pdf

An analysis of the Turkish position regarding the Armenian claims of genocide during World War I and the continuing debate over this issue, the author offers an equal examination of each side's historical position. The book asks "what is genocide?" and illustrates that although this is a useful concept to describe such evil events as the Jewish Holocaust in World War II and Rwanda in the 1990s, the term has also been overused, misused, and therefore trivialized by many different groups seeking to demonize their antagonists and win sympathetic approbation for them. The author includes the Armenians in this category because, although as many as 600,000 of them died during World War I, it was neither a premeditated policy perpetrated by the Ottoman Turkish government nor an event unilaterally implemented without cause. Of course, in no way does this excuse the horrible excesses committed by the Turks.

Author : Vahagn Avedian
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2018-10-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9780429845154

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Knowledge and Acknowledgement in the Politics of Memory of the Armenian Genocide by Vahagn Avedian Pdf

Is the Armenian Genocide a strictly historical matter? If that is the case, why is it still a topical issue, capable of causing diplomatic rows and heated debates? The short answer would be that the century old Armenian Genocide is much more than a historical question. It emerged as a political dilemma on the international arena at the San Stefano peace conference in 1878 and has remained as such into our days. The disparity between knowledge and acknowledgement, mainly ascribable to Turkey’s official denial of the genocide, has only heightened the politicization of the Armenian question. Thus, the memories of the WWI era refuse to be relegated to the pages of history but are rather perceived as a vivid presence. This is the result of the perpetual process of politics of memory. The politics of memory is an intricate and interdisciplinary negotiation, engaging many different actors in the society who have access to a wide range of resources and measures in order to achieve their goals. By following the Armenian question during the past century up to its Centennial Commemoration in 2015, this study aims to explain why and how the politics of memory of the Armenian Genocide has kept it as a topical issue in our days.

Author : Wolfgang Gust
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 814 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : History
ISBN : 9781782381433

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The Armenian Genocide by Wolfgang Gust Pdf

Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Foreword -- Overview of the Armenian Genocide -- Bibliography -- Notes On Using the Documents -- The Documents -- Glossary -- Index

Author : Taner Akçam,Umit Kurt
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2015-07-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781782386247

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The Spirit of the Laws by Taner Akçam,Umit Kurt Pdf

Pertinent to contemporary demands for reparations from Turkey is the relationship between law and property in connection with the Armenian Genocide. This book examines the confiscation of Armenian properties during the genocide and subsequent attempts to retain seized Armenian wealth. Through the close analysis of laws and treaties, it reveals that decrees issued during the genocide constitute central pillars of the Turkish system of property rights, retaining their legal validity, and although Turkey has acceded through international agreements to return Armenian properties, it continues to refuse to do so. The book demonstrates that genocides do not depend on the abolition of the legal system and elimination of rights, but that, on the contrary, the perpetrators of genocide manipulate the legal system to facilitate their plans.

Author : Ronald Grigor Suny,Fatma Müge Göçek,Norman M. Naimark
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2011-02-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199781041

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A Question of Genocide by Ronald Grigor Suny,Fatma Müge Göçek,Norman M. Naimark Pdf

One hundred years after the deportations and mass murder of Armenians, Greeks, Assyrians, and other peoples in the final years of the Ottoman Empire, the history of the Armenian genocide is a victim of historical distortion, state-sponsored falsification, and deep divisions between Armenians and Turks. Working together for the first time, Turkish, Armenian, and other scholars present here a compelling reconstruction of what happened and why. This volume gathers the most up-to-date scholarship on Armenian genocide, looking at how the event has been written about in Western and Turkish historiographies; what was happening on the eve of the catastrophe; portraits of the perpetrators; detailed accounts of the massacres; how the event has been perceived in both local and international contexts, including World War I; and reflections on the broader implications of what happened then. The result is a comprehensive work that moves beyond nationalist master narratives and offers a more complete understanding of this tragic event.

Author : Tale Heydarov,Janice Farrell,Ian Peart
Publisher : Apollo Books
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : History
ISBN : 086372406X

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The Armenian Question in the Caucasus by Tale Heydarov,Janice Farrell,Ian Peart Pdf

During the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire sustained extensive territorial losses, and the Balkan nationalities, aided by European arms and diplomacy, began their struggle for liberation. The term "Armenian question," as used in European history, became commonplace among diplomatic circles and in the popular press after the Congress of Berlin, referring to European powers' involvement with the Armenians. The "Armenian question" remained a factor in international politics, and Russia became increasingly involved in Ottoman affairs following intervention in 1877-1878. Russia gained control over a large part of Armenia and became the champion of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, taking on the role of protector. The Armenian Question in the Caucasus: Russian Archive Documents and Publications is issued in a three volume collection as a special topic of study for the first time in world historiography. The complex topic is presented here, based on rare documents and publications which were long stored as secret and top secret in the Russian State Historical Archive (St. Petersburg) and the Russian State Military History Archive (Moscow). Volume 3 chronologically follows the period 1906-1914. It comprises two sections: the first section provides an analysis of the documents and materials. The second section contains copies of the originals from archives and publications. Many the documents and materials are now made publically available here for the first time. To guarantee academic objectivity, the contextual integrity of the archive documents have been preserved. All materials are arranged chronologically and by topic. The collection provides the reader with the opportunity to undertake a critical review of current theses on the Armenian question. It also assists the application of contemporary academic methods to a comprehensive study of the essence of this question.

Author : Kemal Öke
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Armenia
ISBN : UOM:39015054143634

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The Armenian Question, 1914-1923 by Kemal Öke Pdf

Investigates the nature of the "Armenian Question" which erupted in the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century. Evaluates the phenomena from the viewpoint of international relations. Concludes that the efforts of the Ottoman, both towards modernization and "becoming a nation", proved to be useless in overcoming the counter-cultural opposition in the Armenians and in integrating them into the main social structure.

Author : Guenter Lewy
Publisher : University of Utah Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2005-11-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9780874808490

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The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey by Guenter Lewy Pdf

Avoiding the sterile "was-it-genocide-or-not" debate, this book will open a new chapter in this contentious controversy and may help achieve a long-overdue reconciliation of Armenians and Turks.

Author : S. Payaslian
Publisher : Springer
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2005-12-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781403978400

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United States Policy Toward the Armenian Question and the Armenian Genocide by S. Payaslian Pdf

This comprehensive analysis of U.S. policy toward the Armenian Question and the Armenian Genocide focuses on the important role big business played in keeping the United States from playing a more active role in opposing the genocide, notwithstanding broad public opinion calling for greater action. Business interests feared antagonizing the Turkish leaders by too much of an intervention on behalf of the Armenians. It surveys the historical evolution of U.S. policy toward the Ottoman Empire since the early nineteenth century and examines the extent to which the missionary community, commercial interests, and international economic and geopolitical competitions shaped U.S. policy during the administrations of William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson.