Art Science And Diplomacy A Study Of The Visual Images Of The Macartney Embassy To China 1793

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Art, Science, and Diplomacy: A Study of the Visual Images of the Macartney Embassy to China, 1793

Author : Shanshan Chen
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2023-04-30
Category : Art
ISBN : 9789819911608

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Art, Science, and Diplomacy: A Study of the Visual Images of the Macartney Embassy to China, 1793 by Shanshan Chen Pdf

This book examines how the Embassy members approached, selected, and represented information, and how, in doing so, they helped to shape European perceptions of China. The Macartney Embassy of 1793 was the first British diplomatic mission to China, seeking to open ties between the two empires. As part of the mission, the British government commissioned writers and artists to chronicle the geography and culture of a civilization that had, until then, been shrouded in mystery. A central focus of the book is the artwork itself, which provides a window into the diplomatic, artistic and scientific viewpoints underlying the mission. Drawing on archival research, the study recreates the processes through which the Embassy’s draughtsmen, scientists, and diplomats collaborated to represent the visual images, and how the materials were reworked for publication in London. The finished product demonstrates that the artists offered a distinct viewpoint in the representation of China, sometimes differing from the textual accounts, by blending scientific elements and artistic aesthetics in order to demystify China and make it more knowable to a British audience. It was in the interposition of text and image that the British public formulated an ambivalent perception of China that embraced both admiration and disdain. In addition to the scholars, the book targets general readers who are interested in global art and history, and East–West interactions. It contains important images with detailed visual and historical analysis that enable readers to acquire knowledge on how the British represented China and how that image helped to shape the European perception of China during the British global expansion in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and beyond.

Cherishing Men from Afar

Author : James Louis Hevia
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : History
ISBN : 0822316374

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Cherishing Men from Afar by James Louis Hevia Pdf

In the late eighteenth century two expansive Eurasian empires met formally for the first time--the Manchu or Qing dynasty of China and the maritime empire of Great Britain. The occasion was the mission of Lord Macartney, sent by the British crown and sponsored by the East India Company, to the court of the Qianlong emperor. Cherishing Men from Afar looks at the initial confrontation between these two empires from a historical perspective informed by the insights of contemporary postcolonial criticism and cultural studies. The history of this encounter, like that of most colonial and imperial encounters, has traditionally been told from the Europeans' point of view. In this book, James L. Hevia consults Chinese sources--many previously untranslated--for a broader sense of what Qing court officials understood; and considers these documents in light of a sophisticated anthropological understanding of Qing ritual processes and expectations. He also reexamines the more familiar British accounts in the context of recent critiques of orientalism and work on the development of the bourgeois subject. Hevia's reading of these sources reveals the logics of two discrete imperial formations, not so much impaired by the cultural misunderstandings that have historically been attributed to their meeting, but animated by differing ideas about constructing relations of sovereignty and power. His examination of Chinese and English-language scholarly treatments of this event, both historical and contemporary, sheds new light on the place of the Macartney mission in the dynamics of colonial and imperial encounters.

On Their Own Terms

Author : Benjamin A. Elman
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 606 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2009-07-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674036475

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On Their Own Terms by Benjamin A. Elman Pdf

In On Their Own Terms, Benjamin A. Elman offers a much-needed synthesis of early Chinese science during the Jesuit period (1600-1800) and the modern sciences as they evolved in China under Protestant influence (1840s-1900). By 1600 Europe was ahead of Asia in producing basic machines, such as clocks, levers, and pulleys, that would be necessary for the mechanization of agriculture and industry. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Elman shows, Europeans still sought from the Chinese their secrets of producing silk, fine textiles, and porcelain, as well as large-scale tea cultivation. Chinese literati borrowed in turn new algebraic notations of Hindu-Arabic origin, Tychonic cosmology, Euclidian geometry, and various computational advances. Since the middle of the nineteenth century, imperial reformers, early Republicans, Guomindang party cadres, and Chinese Communists have all prioritized science and technology. In this book, Elman gives a nuanced account of the ways in which native Chinese science evolved over four centuries, under the influence of both Jesuit and Protestant missionaries. In the end, he argues, the Chinese produced modern science on their own terms.

An Embassy to China

Author : Earl George Macartney Macartney
Publisher : [London] : Longmans
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1962
Category : China
ISBN : OCLC:254904437

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An Embassy to China by Earl George Macartney Macartney Pdf

Images of China in Polish and Serbian Travel Writings (1720-1949)

Author : Tomasz Ewertowski
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-12
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789004435445

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Images of China in Polish and Serbian Travel Writings (1720-1949) by Tomasz Ewertowski Pdf

In Images of China in Polish and Serbian Travel Writings (1720-1949), Tomasz Ewertowski examines how Polish and Serbian travelers from the 18th to the mid-20th century described China, showing various factors which influenced their representations of the Middle Kingdom.

Merchants of Canton and Macao

Author : Paul A. Van Dyke
Publisher : Hong Kong University Press
Page : 674 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2011-10-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9789888028917

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Merchants of Canton and Macao by Paul A. Van Dyke Pdf

Paul Van Dyke works in many languages and archives to uncover the history of Peark River trade. This two-volume work is likely to be the most definitive reference work on the major trading families of Guangzhou. Organized as a series of family studies, this first volume includes exhaustive profiles of nine of the dominant hongs and their founding patriarchs for which good information survives: Tan Suqua, Tan Hunqua, Cai and Qiu, Beaukeequa, Yan, Mandarin Quiqua, Ye and Tacqua Amoy, Zhang, and Liang.

Britain’s Second Embassy to China

Author : Caroline Stevenson
Publisher : ANU Press
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2021-02-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781760464097

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Britain’s Second Embassy to China by Caroline Stevenson Pdf

Lord Amherst’s diplomatic mission to the Qing Court in 1816 was the second British embassy to China. The first led by Lord Macartney in 1793 had failed to achieve its goals. It was thought that Amherst had better prospects of success, but the intense diplomatic encounter that greeted his arrival ended badly. Amherst never appeared before the Jiaqing emperor and his embassy was expelled from Peking on the day it arrived. Historians have blamed Amherst for this outcome, citing his over-reliance on the advice of his Second Commissioner, Sir George Thomas Staunton, not to kowtow before the emperor. Detailed analysis of British sources reveal that Amherst was well informed on the kowtow issue and made his own decision for which he took full responsibility. Success was always unlikely because of irreconcilable differences in approach. China’s conduct of foreign relations based on the tributary system required submission to the emperor, thus relegating all foreign emissaries and the rulers they represented to vassal status, whereas British diplomatic practice was centred on negotiation and Westphalian principles of equality between nations. The Amherst embassy’s failure revised British assessments of China and led some observers to believe that force, rather than diplomacy, might be required in future to achieve British goals. The Opium War of 1840 that followed set a precedent for foreign interference in China, resulting in a century of ‘humiliation’. This resonates today in President Xi Jinping’s call for ‘National Rejuvenation’ to restore China’s historic place at the centre of a new Sino-centric global order.

Machines as the Measure of Men

Author : Michael Adas
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : History
ISBN : 0801497604

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Machines as the Measure of Men by Michael Adas Pdf

This new edition of what has become a standard account of Western expansion and technological dominance includes a new preface by the author that discusses how subsequent developments in gender and race studies, as well as global technology and politics, enter into conversation with his original arguments.

China Made

Author : Karl Gerth
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 470 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2020-05-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781684173860

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China Made by Karl Gerth Pdf

"“Chinese people should consume Chinese products!” This slogan was the catchphrase of a movement in early twentieth-century China that sought to link consumption and nationalism by instilling a concept of China as a modern “nation” with its own “national products.” From fashions in clothing to food additives, from museums to department stores, from product fairs to advertising, this movement influenced all aspects of China’s burgeoning consumer culture. Anti-imperialist boycotts, commemorations of national humiliations, exhibitions of Chinese products, the vilification of treasonous consumers, and the promotion of Chinese captains of industry helped enforce nationalistic consumption and spread the message—patriotic Chinese bought goods made of Chinese materials by Chinese workers in factories owned and run by Chinese. In China Made, Karl Gerth argues that two key forces shaping the modern world—nationalism and consumerism—developed in tandem in China. Early in the twentieth century, nationalism branded every commodity as either “Chinese” or “foreign,” and consumer culture became the place where the notion of nationality was articulated, institutionalized, and practiced. Based on Chinese, Japanese, and English-language archives, magazines, newspapers, and books, this first exploration of the historical ties between nationalism and consumerism reinterprets fundamental aspects of modern Chinese history and suggests ways of discerning such ties in all modern nations."

Claiming the Stones, Naming the Bones

Author : Elazar Barkan,Ronald Bush
Publisher : Getty Publications
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2003-01-09
Category : Art
ISBN : 9780892366736

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Claiming the Stones, Naming the Bones by Elazar Barkan,Ronald Bush Pdf

These fourteen essays address controversies over a variety of cultural properties, exploring them from perspectives of law, archeology, physical anthropology, ethnobiology, ethnomusicology, history, and cultural and literary study. The book divides cultural property into three types: Tangible, unique property like the Parthenon marbles; intangible property such as folktales, music, and folk remedies; and communal "representations," which have lead groups to censor both outsiders and insiders as cultural traitors.

Sacred Mandates

Author : Timothy Brook,Michael van Walt van Praag,Miek Boltjes
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2018-05-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226562933

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Sacred Mandates by Timothy Brook,Michael van Walt van Praag,Miek Boltjes Pdf

Contemporary discussions of international relations in Asia tend to be tethered in the present, unmoored from the historical contexts that give them meaning. Sacred Mandates, edited by Timothy Brook, Michael van Walt van Praag, and Miek Boltjes, redresses this oversight by examining the complex history of inter-polity relations in Inner and East Asia from the thirteenth century to the twentieth, in order to help us understand and develop policies to address challenges in the region today. This book argues that understanding the diversity of past legal orders helps explain the forms of contemporary conflict, as well as the conflicting historical narratives that animate tensions. Rather than proceed sequentially by way of dynasties, the editors identify three “worlds”—Chingssid Mongol, Tibetan Buddhist, and Confucian Sinic—that represent different forms of civilization authority and legal order. This novel framework enables us to escape the modern tendency to view the international system solely as the interaction of independent states, and instead detect the effects of the complicated history at play between and within regions. Contributors from a wide range of disciplines cover a host of topics: the development of international law, sovereignty, state formation, ruler legitimacy, and imperial expansion, as well as the role of spiritual authority on state behavior, the impact of modernization, and the challenges for peace processes. The culmination of five years of collaborative research, Sacred Mandates will be the definitive historical guide to international and intrastate relations in Asia, of interest to policymakers and scholars alike, for years to come.

Global Gifts

Author : Zoltán Biedermann,Anne Gerritsen,Giorgio Riello
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108415507

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Global Gifts by Zoltán Biedermann,Anne Gerritsen,Giorgio Riello Pdf

Global Gifts considers the role that the circulation of material culture played in the establishment of early modern global diplomacy.

Golden-Silk Smoke

Author : Carol Benedict
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2011-04-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9780520262775

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Golden-Silk Smoke by Carol Benedict Pdf

"Tobacco has been pervasive in China almost since its introduction from the Americas in the mid-sixteenth century. One-third of the world's smokers--over 350 million--now live in China, and they account for 25 percent of worldwide smoking-related deaths. This book examines the deep roots of China's contemporary "cigarette culture" and smoking epidemic and provides one of the first comprehensive histories of Chinese consumption in global and comparative perspective"--Publisher's description.

The Costume of China

Author : William Alexander
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 110 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1805
Category : China
ISBN : IND:32000002788885

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The Costume of China by William Alexander Pdf

Ayant accepté en 1792 d'accompagner le duc Macartney lors de son ambassade en Chine, Alexander crée de nombreux croquis lors du voyage de retour de Pékin à Canton par voie fluviale. Aucun artiste britannique n'avait encore ramené des images de cette voie de communication à l'intérieur de l'empire chinois. Ces croquis ont ensuite servi pour des aquarelles peintes par Alexander et pour de nombreuses planches gravées par Alexander lui-même ou par d'autres artistes. Pendant plus d'un demi-siècle, ces planches ont exercé une grande influence sur des artistes à la recherche de sujets chinois (d'après Grove dictionary of art).

New Qing Imperial History

Author : Ruth W. Dunnell,Mark C. Elliott,Philippe Foret,James A Millward
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2004-07-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781134362219

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New Qing Imperial History by Ruth W. Dunnell,Mark C. Elliott,Philippe Foret,James A Millward Pdf

New Qing Imperial History uses the Manchu summer capital of Chengde and associated architecture, art and ritual activity as the focus for an exploration of the importance of Inner Asia and Tibet to the Qing Empire (1636-1911). Well-known contributors argue that the Qing was not simply another Chinese dynasty, but was deeply engaged in Inner Asia not only militarily, but culturally, politically and ideologically. Emphasizing the diverse range of peoples in the Qing empire, this book analyzes the importance to Chinese history of Manchu relations with Tibetan prelates, Mongolian chieftains, and the Turkic elites of Xinjiang. In offering a new appreciation of a culturally and politically complex period, the authors discuss the nature and representation of emperorship, especially under Qianlong (r. 1736-1795), and examine the role of ritual in relations with Inner Asia, including the vaunted (but overrated) tribute system. By using a specific artifact or text as a starting point for analysis in each chapter, the contributors not only include material previously unavailable in English but allow the reader an intimate knowledge of life at Chengde and its significance to the Qing period as a whole.