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Author : Nadey S. Hakim Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 184 pages File Size : 43,7 Mb Release : 2009-06-12 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781848822832
This book deals with organ failure and the way it can be managed artificially without requiring a transplant. Written by a mixture of European and US physicians and surgeons, each of the chapters compares the artificial organ to what is currently available from the transplant point of view to highlight the current and modern available techniques for organ replacement. The book will be a useful reading for postgraduate students and people interested in modern surgical and medical technology.
The replacement or augmentation of failing human organs with artificial devices and systems has been an important element in health care for several decades. Such devices as kidney dialysis to augment failing kidneys, artificial heart valves to replace failing human valves, cardiac pacemakers to reestablish normal cardiac rhythm, and heart assist devices to augment a weakened human heart have assisted millions of patients in the previous 50 years and offers lifesaving technology for tens of thousands of patients each year. Significant advances in these biomedical technologies have continually occurred during this period, saving numerous lives with cutting edge technologies. Each of these artificial organ systems will be described in detail in separate sections of this lecture.
Biomaterials for Artificial Organs by Michael Lysaght,Thomas J Webster Pdf
The worldwide demand for organ transplants far exceeds available donor organs. Consequently some patients die whilst waiting for a transplant. Synthetic alternatives are therefore imperative to improve the quality of, and in some cases, save people’s lives. Advances in biomaterials have generated a range of materials and devices for use either outside the body or through implantation to replace or assist functions which may have been lost through disease or injury. Biomaterials for artificial organs reviews the latest developments in biomaterials and investigates how they can be used to improve the quality and efficiency of artificial organs. Part one discusses commodity biomaterials including membranes for oxygenators and plasmafilters, titanium and cobalt chromium alloys for hips and knees, polymeric joint-bearing surfaces for total joint replacements, biomaterials for pacemakers, defibrillators and neurostimulators and mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valves. Part two goes on to investigate advanced and next generation biomaterials including small intestinal submucosa and other decullarized matrix biomaterials for tissue repair, new ceramics and composites for joint replacement surgery, biomaterials for improving the blood and tissue compatibility of total artificial hearts (TAH) and ventricular assist devices (VAD), nanostructured biomaterials for artificial tissues and organs and matrices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors Biomaterials for artificial organs is an invaluable resource to researchers, scientists and academics concerned with the advancement of artificial organs. Reviews the latest developments in biomaterials and investigates how they can be used to improve the quality and efficiency of artificial organs Discusses commodity biomaterials including membranes for oxygenators and cobalt chromium alloys for hips and knees and polymeric joint-bearing surfaces for total joint replacements Further biomaterials utilised in pacemakers, defibrillators, neurostimulators and mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valve are also explored
Biomaterials, Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering by L Hench,J. Jones Pdf
Maintaining quality of life in an ageing population is one of the great challenges of the 21st Century. This book summarises how this challenge is being met by multi-disciplinary developments of specialty biomaterials, devices, artificial organs and in-vitro growth of human cells as tissue engineered constructs. Biomaterials, Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering is intended for use as a textbook in a one semester course for upper level BS, MS and Meng students. The 25 chapters are organized in five parts: Part one provides an introduction to living and man-made materials for the non-specialist; Part two is an overview of clinical applications of various biomaterials and devices; Part three summarises the bioengineering principles, materials and designs used in artificial organs; Part four presents the concepts, cell techniques, scaffold materials and applications of tissue engineering; Part five provides an overview of the complex socio-economic factors involved in technology based healthcare, including regulatory controls, technology transfer processes and ethical issues. Comprehensive introduction to living and man-made materials Looks at clinical applications of various biomaterials and devices Bioengineering principles, materials and designs used in artificial organs are summarised
Artificial Organ Engineering by Maria Cristina Annesini,Luigi Marrelli,Vincenzo Piemonte,Luca Turchetti Pdf
Artificial organs may be considered as small-scale process plants, in which heat, mass and momentum transfer operations and, possibly, chemical transformations are carried out. This book proposes a novel analysis of artificial organs based on the typical bottom-up approach used in process engineering. Starting from a description of the fundamental physico-chemical phenomena involved in the process, the whole system is rebuilt as an interconnected ensemble of elemental unit operations. Each artificial organ is presented with a short introduction provided by expert clinicians. Devices commonly used in clinical practice are reviewed and their performance is assessed and compared by using a mathematical model based approach. Whilst mathematical modelling is a fundamental tool for quantitative descriptions of clinical devices, models are kept simple to remain focused on the essential features of each process. Postgraduate students and researchers in the field of chemical and biomedical engineering will find that this book provides a novel and useful tool for the analysis of existing devices and, possibly, the design of new ones. This approach will also be useful for medical researchers who want to get a deeper insight into the basic working principles of artificial organs.
Tissue Engineering for Artificial Organs, 2 Volume Set by Anwarul Hasan Pdf
A comprehensive overview of the latest achievements, trends, and the current state of the art of this important and rapidly expanding field. Clearly and logically structured, the first part of the book explores the fundamentals of tissue engineering, providing a separate chapter on each of the basic topics, including biomaterials stem cells, biosensors and bioreactors. The second part then follows a more applied approach, discussing various applications of tissue engineering, such as the replacement or repairing of skins, cartilages, livers and blood vessels, to trachea, lungs and cardiac tissues, to musculoskeletal tissue engineering used for bones and ligaments as well as pancreas, kidney and neural tissue engineering for the brain. The book concludes with a look at future technological advances. An invaluable reading for entrants to the field in biomedical engineering as well as expert researchers and developers in industry.
Biomedical Membranes And (Bio)artificial Organs by Stamatialis Dimitrios Pdf
This book focusses on the development of biomedical membranes and their applications for (bio)artificial organs. It covers the state of art and main challenges for applying synthetic membranes in these organs. It also highlights the importance of accomplishing an integration of engineering with biology and medicine to understand and manage the scientific, industrial, clinical and ethical aspects of these organs. The compendium consists of 11 chapters, written by world renowned experts in the fields of membrane technology, biomaterials science and technology, cell biology, medicine and engineering. Every chapter describes the clinical needs and the materials, membranes, and concepts required for the successful development of the (bio)artificial organs. This text is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students in biomedical engineering, materials science and membrane science and technology, as well as, for professionals and researchers working in these fields. Contents: Controlled Drug Release Systems: Mechanisms and Kinetics (M Sanopoulou and K G Papadokostaki)Membranes for Artificial Kidneys (J Vienken)Advanced Blood Purification Therapies (O ter Beek, I Geremia, D Pavlenko and D Stamatialis)Membranes for Artificial Lung and Gas Exchange Applications (F Wiese)Membranes for Bioartificial Kidney Devices (N Chevtchik, P Caetano Pinto, R Masereeuw and D Stamatialis)Membrane-Based Bioartificial Liver Devices (S Khakpour, H M M Ahmed and L De Bartolo)Are Co-Culture Approaches Able to Improve Biological Functions of Bioartificial Livers? (V Pandolfi, U Pereira, M Dufresne and C Legallais)Membranes for Bioartificial Pancreas: Macroencapsulation Strategies (K Skrzypek, M G Nibbelink, M Karperien, A van Apeldoorn and D Stamatialis)Early Health Economic Evaluation of Bioartificial Organs: Involving Users in the Design of the Bioartificial Pancreas for Diabetes (M J IJzerman, T Wissing and E de Koning)Membranes for Regenerative Medicine in Clinical Applications (G F D'Urso Labate and G Catapano)Membranes for Organs-on-Chips (M P Tibbe, A D van der Meer, A van den Berg, D Stamatialis and L I Segerink) Readership: Researchers, professionals, undergraduate and graduate students in biomedical engineering, bioengineering and membrane science and technology. Keywords: Biomedical Membranes;Bioartificial;OrgansReview:0
This is the first time that human organs, such as the heart, liver, kidney, stomach, uterus, skin, lung, pancreas and breast can be manufactured automatically and precisely for clinical transplantation, drug screening and metabolism model establishment. Headed by Professor Xiaohong Wang (also the founder and director) in the Center of Organ Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, this group has focused on organ manufacturing for over ten years. A series of technical bottleneck problems, such as vascular and nerve system establishment in a construct, multiple cell types and material system incorporation, and stem cell sequential engagement, have been overcome one by one. Two technical approaches have been exploited extensively. One is multiple nozzle rapid prototyping (RP), additive manufacturing (AM), or three-dimension (3D) printing. The other is combined mold systems. More than 110 articles and 40 patents with a series of theories and practices have been published consequently. In the future, all the failed organs (including the brain) in the human body can be substituted easily like a small accessory part in a car. Everyone can get benefit from these techniques, which ultimately means that the lifespan of humans, therefore, can be greatly prolonged from this time point. This book examines the progress made in the field and the developments made by these researchers (and authors) in the field.
Design of Artificial Human Joints & Organs by Subrata Pal Pdf
Design of Artificial Human Joints & Organs is intended to present the basics of the normal systems and how, due to aging, diseases or trauma, body parts may need to be replaced with manmade materials. The movement of the body generates forces in various work situations and also internally at various joints, muscles and ligaments. It is essential to figure out the forces, moments, pressure etc to design replacements that manage these stresses without breaking down. The mechanical characterization of the hard and the soft tissues are presented systematically using the principles of solid mechanics. The viscoelastic properties of the tissue will also discussed. This text covers the design science and methodology from concept to blueprint to the final component being replaced. Each chapter will be a brief overview of various joint/organ replacement systems. Engineers working on artificial joints and organs, as well as students of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering are the main intended audience, however, the pedagogy is simple enough for those who are learning the subject for the first time.
The number of factors implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation is already considerable and more are continually being identified. This book concentrates on tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) and lymphotoxin, but includes observations of their interactions with other cytokines, especially the interferons and interleukins. TNF can be either cytostatic or cytotoxic to cultured cell lines, and a variety of mechanisms are proposed, ranging from DNA fragmentation to activation of phospholiopases. TNF is also reported to stimulate the growth of normal fibroblasts "in vivo." The "in vivo" actions of TNF described here include haemorrhagic necrosis of tumors, cachexia, effects on the vasculature, and antiparasitic and antiviral activities. Also presented is some interesting data from the first stages of clinical trials of TNF as an anticancer agent.
Introduces readers to the science behind artificial organs, including how and why the technology was created, current examples of the technology in action, and cutting-edge research advancing the technology. Eye-catching infographics, clear text, informative sidebars, and a “How It Works” special feature make this book an engaging introduction to this exciting technology.
The replacement or augmentation of failing human organs with artificial devices and systems has been an important element in health care for several decades. Such devices as kidney dialysis to augment failing kidneys, artificial heart valves to replace failing human valves, cardiac pacemakers to reestablish normal cardiac rhythm, and heart assist devices to augment a weakened human heart have assisted millions of patients in the previous 50 years and offers lifesaving technology for tens of thousands of patients each year. Significant advances in these biomedical technologies have continually occurred during this period, saving numerous lives with cutting edge technologies. Each of these artificial organ systems will be described in detail in separate sections of this lecture.
Biomechanics of Artificial Organs and Prostheses by Megh R Goyal Pdf
Artificial organs are one of the world’s greatest advancements in medicine. This book covers cardiopulmonary bypass surgery; artificial hearts and pacemakers; stenting and ballooning; artificial lungs, kidneys, and knees, dental protheses; and more. It is a one-stop source of basic knowledge and techniques necessary to understand, design, develop, and evaluate artificial organs and prostheses. It covers the basic principles and applications, types and mechanics, and biomaterials. It is a must for physicians, scientists, and educators.
Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Care Services,Committee to Evaluate the Artificial Heart Program of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Author : Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Care Services,Committee to Evaluate the Artificial Heart Program of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 313 pages File Size : 48,9 Mb Release : 1991-02-01 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309045322
The Artificial Heart by Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Care Services,Committee to Evaluate the Artificial Heart Program of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Pdf
A significant medical event is expected in 1992: the first human use of a fully implantable, long-term cardiac assist device. This timely volume reviews the artificial heart program-and in particular, the National Institutes of Health's major investment-raising important questions. The volume includes: Consideration of the artificial heart versus heart transplantation and other approaches to treating end-stage heart disease, keeping in mind the different outcomes and costs of these treatments. A look at human issues, including the number of people who may require the artificial heart, patient quality of life, and other ethical and societal questions. Examination of how this technology's use can be targeted most appropriately. Attention to achieving access to this technology for all those who can benefit from it. The committee also offers three mechanisms to aid in allocating research and development funds.
