Artificial Whiteness

Author : Yarden Katz
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780231551076

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Artificial Whiteness by Yarden Katz Pdf

Dramatic statements about the promise and peril of artificial intelligence for humanity abound, as an industry of experts claims that AI is poised to reshape nearly every sphere of life. Who profits from the idea that the age of AI has arrived? Why do ideas of AI’s transformative potential keep reappearing in social and political discourse, and how are they linked to broader political agendas? Yarden Katz reveals the ideology embedded in the concept of artificial intelligence, contending that it both serves and mimics the logic of white supremacy. He demonstrates that understandings of AI, as a field and a technology, have shifted dramatically over time based on the needs of its funders and the professional class that formed around it. From its origins in the Cold War military-industrial complex through its present-day Silicon Valley proselytizers and eager policy analysts, AI has never been simply a technical project enabled by larger data and better computing. Drawing on intimate familiarity with the field and its practices, Katz instead asks us to see how AI reinforces models of knowledge that assume white male superiority and an imperialist worldview. Only by seeing the connection between artificial intelligence and whiteness can we prioritize alternatives to the conception of AI as an all-encompassing technological force. Bringing together theories of whiteness and race in the humanities and social sciences with a deep understanding of the history and practice of science and computing, Artificial Whiteness is an incisive, urgent critique of the uses of AI as a political tool to uphold social hierarchies.

Author : Safiya Umoja Noble
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2018-02-20
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781479837243

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Algorithms of Oppression by Safiya Umoja Noble Pdf

Acknowledgments -- Introduction: the power of algorithms -- A society, searching -- Searching for Black girls -- Searching for people and communities -- Searching for protections from search engines -- The future of knowledge in the public -- The future of information culture -- Conclusion: algorithms of oppression -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the author

Author : Rikke Andreassen,Catrin Lundström,Suvi Keskinen,Shirley Anne Tate
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 612 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2023-06-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000881714

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The Routledge International Handbook of New Critical Race and Whiteness Studies by Rikke Andreassen,Catrin Lundström,Suvi Keskinen,Shirley Anne Tate Pdf

Since its foundation as an academic field in the 1990s, critical race theory has developed enormously and has, among others, been supplemented by and (dis)integrated with critical whiteness studies. At the same time, the field has moved beyond its origins in Anglo-Saxon environments, to be taken up and re-developed in various parts of the world – leading to not only new empirical material but also new theoretical perspectives and analytical approaches. Gathering these new and global perspectives, this book presents a much-needed collection of the various forms, sophisticated theoretical developments and nuanced analyses that the field of critical race and whiteness theories and studies offers today. Organized around the themes of emotions, technologies, consumption, institutions, crisis, identities and on the margin, this presentation of critical race and whiteness theories and studies in its true interdisciplinary and international form provides the latest empirical and theoretical research, as well as new analytical approaches. Illustrating the strength of the field and embodying its future research directions, The Routledge International Handbook of New Critical Race and Whiteness Studies will appeal to scholars across the social sciences and humanities with interests in race and whiteness.

Author : Ruha Benjamin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781509526437

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Race After Technology by Ruha Benjamin Pdf

From everyday apps to complex algorithms, Ruha Benjamin cuts through tech-industry hype to understand how emerging technologies can reinforce White supremacy and deepen social inequity. Benjamin argues that automation, far from being a sinister story of racist programmers scheming on the dark web, has the potential to hide, speed up, and deepen discrimination while appearing neutral and even benevolent when compared to the racism of a previous era. Presenting the concept of the “New Jim Code,” she shows how a range of discriminatory designs encode inequity by explicitly amplifying racial hierarchies; by ignoring but thereby replicating social divisions; or by aiming to fix racial bias but ultimately doing quite the opposite. Moreover, she makes a compelling case for race itself as a kind of technology, designed to stratify and sanctify social injustice in the architecture of everyday life. This illuminating guide provides conceptual tools for decoding tech promises with sociologically informed skepticism. In doing so, it challenges us to question not only the technologies we are sold but also the ones we ourselves manufacture. Visit the book's free Discussion Guide here.

Author : Dr. Robin DiAngelo
Publisher : Beacon Press
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2018-06-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780807047422

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White Fragility by Dr. Robin DiAngelo Pdf

The New York Times best-selling book exploring the counterproductive reactions white people have when their assumptions about race are challenged, and how these reactions maintain racial inequality. In this “vital, necessary, and beautiful book” (Michael Eric Dyson), antiracist educator Robin DiAngelo deftly illuminates the phenomenon of white fragility and “allows us to understand racism as a practice not restricted to ‘bad people’ (Claudia Rankine). Referring to the defensive moves that white people make when challenged racially, white fragility is characterized by emotions such as anger, fear, and guilt, and by behaviors including argumentation and silence. These behaviors, in turn, function to reinstate white racial equilibrium and prevent any meaningful cross-racial dialogue. In this in-depth exploration, DiAngelo examines how white fragility develops, how it protects racial inequality, and what we can do to engage more constructively.

Author : Dorothy A. Brown
Publisher : Crown
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2022-03-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780525577331

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The Whiteness of Wealth by Dorothy A. Brown Pdf

A groundbreaking exposé of racism in the American taxation system from a law professor and expert on tax policy NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY NPR AND FORTUNE • “Important reading for those who want to understand how inequality is built into the bedrock of American society, and what a more equitable future might look like.”—Ibram X. Kendi, #1 New York Times bestselling author of How to Be an Antiracist Dorothy A. Brown became a tax lawyer to get away from race. As a young black girl growing up in the South Bronx, she’d seen how racism limited the lives of her family and neighbors. Her law school classes offered a refreshing contrast: Tax law was about numbers, and the only color that mattered was green. But when Brown sat down to prepare tax returns for her parents, she found something strange: James and Dottie Brown, a plumber and a nurse, seemed to be paying an unusually high percentage of their income in taxes. When Brown became a law professor, she set out to understand why. In The Whiteness of Wealth, Brown draws on decades of cross-disciplinary research to show that tax law isn’t as color-blind as she’d once believed. She takes us into her adopted city of Atlanta, introducing us to families across the economic spectrum whose stories demonstrate how American tax law rewards the preferences and practices of white people while pushing black people further behind. From attending college to getting married to buying a home, black Americans find themselves at a financial disadvantage compared to their white peers. The results are an ever-increasing wealth gap and more black families shut out of the American dream. Solving the problem will require a wholesale rethinking of America’s tax code. But it will also require both black and white Americans to make different choices. This urgent, actionable book points the way forward.

Author : Apryl Williams
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2024-02-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781503637610

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Not My Type by Apryl Williams Pdf

In the world of online dating, race-based discrimination is not only tolerated, but encouraged as part of a pervasive belief that it is simply a neutral, personal choice about one's romantic partner. Indeed, it is so much a part of our inherited wisdom about dating and romance that it actually directs the algorithmic infrastructures of most major online dating platforms, such that they openly reproduce racist and sexist hierarchies. In Not My Type: Automating Sexual Racism in Online Dating, Apryl Williams presents a socio-technical exploration of dating platforms' algorithms, their lack of transparency, the legal and ethical discourse in these companies' community guidelines, and accounts from individual users in order to argue that sexual racism is a central feature of today's online dating culture. She discusses this reality in the context of facial recognition and sorting software as well as user experiences, drawing parallels to the long history of eugenics and banned interracial partnerships. Ultimately, Williams calls for, both a reconceptualization of the technology and policies that govern dating agencies, and also a reexamination of sociocultural beliefs about attraction, beauty, and desirability.

Author : Carolyn L. Kane
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2023-08-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780520392618

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Electrographic Architecture by Carolyn L. Kane Pdf

Bridging histories of technology, media studies, and aesthetics, Electrographic Architecture forges a critical narrative of the ways in which illuminated light and color have played key roles in the formation of America's white imaginary. Carolyn L. Kane charts the rise of the country's urban advertisements, light empires, and neoclassical buildings in the early twentieth century; the midcentury construction of polychromatic electrographic spectacles; and their eclipse by informatically intense, invisible algorithms at the dawn of the new millennium. Drawing on archival research, interviews, and visual analysis, Electrographic Architecture shows how the development of America's electrographic surround runs parallel to a new paradigm of power, property, and possession.

Author : Charles W. Mills
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2015-11-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781501702952

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Blackness Visible by Charles W. Mills Pdf

Charles Mills makes visible in the world of mainstream philosophy some of the crucial issues of the black experience. Ralph Ellison's metaphor of black invisibility has special relevance to philosophy, whose demographic and conceptual "whiteness" has long been a source of wonder and complaint to racial minorities. Mills points out the absence of any philosophical narrative theorizing and detailing race's centrality to the recent history of the West, such as feminists have articulated for gender domination. European expansionism in its various forms, Mills contends, generates a social ontology of race that warrants philosophical attention.Through expropriation, settlement, slavery, and colonialism, race comes into existence as simultaneously real and unreal: ontological without being biological, metaphysical without being physical, existential without being essential, shaping one's being without being in one's shape. His essays explore the contrasting sums of a white and black modernity, examine standpoint epistemology and the metaphysics of racial identity, look at black-Jewish relations and racial conspiracy theories, map the workings of a white-supremacist polity and the contours of a racist moral consciousness, and analyze the presuppositions of Frederick Douglass's famous July 4 prognosis for black political inclusion. Collectively they demonstrate what exciting new philosophical terrain can be opened up once the color line in western philosophy is made visible and addressed.

Author : Rebecca T. De Souza
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2019-04-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780262352796

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Feeding the Other by Rebecca T. De Souza Pdf

How food pantries stigmatize their clients through a discourse that emphasizes hard work, self help, and economic productivity rather than food justice and equity. The United States has one of the highest rates of hunger and food insecurity in the industrialized world, with poor households, single parents, and communities of color disproportionately affected. Food pantries—run by charitable and faith-based organizations—rather than legal entitlements have become a cornerstone of the government's efforts to end hunger. In Feeding the Other, Rebecca de Souza argues that food pantries stigmatize their clients through a discourse that emphasizes hard work, self help, and economic productivity rather than food justice and equity. De Souza describes this “framing, blaming, and shaming” as “neoliberal stigma” that recasts the structural issue of hunger as a problem for the individual hungry person. De Souza shows how neoliberal stigma plays out in practice through a comparative case analysis of two food pantries in Duluth, Minnesota. Doing so, she documents the seldom-acknowledged voices, experiences, and realities of people living with hunger. She describes the failure of public institutions to protect citizens from poverty and hunger; the white privilege of pantry volunteers caught between neoliberal narratives and social justice concerns; the evangelical conviction that food assistance should be “a hand up, not a handout”; the culture of suspicion in food pantry spaces; and the constraints on food choice. It is only by rejecting the neoliberal narrative and giving voice to the hungry rather than the privileged, de Souza argues, that food pantries can become agents of food justice.

Author : Jane H. Hill
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2009-01-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1444304747

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The Everyday Language of White Racism by Jane H. Hill Pdf

In The Everyday Language of White Racism, Jane H. Hillprovides an incisive analysis of everyday language to reveal theunderlying racist stereotypes that continue to circulate inAmerican culture. provides a detailed background on the theory of race andracism reveals how racializing discourse—talk and text thatproduces and reproduces ideas about races and assigns people tothem—facilitates a victim-blaming logic integrates a broad and interdisciplinary range of literaturefrom sociology, social psychology, justice studies, critical legalstudies, philosophy, literature, and other disciplines that havestudied racism, as well as material from anthropology andsociolinguistics Part of the ahref="http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-410785.html"target="_blank"Blackwell Studies in Discourse and CultureSeries/a

Author : Head of Department Frankopan Director of the Centre for Gender Studies Jude Browne,Jude Browne,Stephen Cave,Christina Gaw Postdoctoral Research Associate in Gender and Technology Eleanor Drage,Eleanor Drage,Christina Gaw Postdoctoral Research Associate in Gender and Technology Kerry McInerney
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2023-10-05
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780192889898

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Feminist AI by Head of Department Frankopan Director of the Centre for Gender Studies Jude Browne,Jude Browne,Stephen Cave,Christina Gaw Postdoctoral Research Associate in Gender and Technology Eleanor Drage,Eleanor Drage,Christina Gaw Postdoctoral Research Associate in Gender and Technology Kerry McInerney Pdf

Chapters 5, 12, and 18 of this work are available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International open access licence. These parts of the work are free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Feminist AI: Critical Perspectives on Algorithms, Data and Intelligent Machines is the first volume to bring together leading feminist thinkers from across the disciplines to explore the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and related data-driven technologies on human society. Recent years have seen both an explosion in AI systems and a corresponding rise in important critical analyses of these technologies. Central to these analyses has been feminist scholarship, which calls upon the AI sector to be accountable for designing and deploying AI in ways that further, rather than undermine, the pursuit of social justice. This book aims to be a touchstone text for AI researchers concerned with the social impact of their systems, as well as theorists, students and educators in the field of gender and technology. It demonstrates the importance of an intersectional understanding of the risks and benefits of AI, approaching feminism as a political project that aims to challenge various interlocking forms of injustice, social inequality and structural relations of power. Feminist AI showcases the vital contributions of feminist scholarship to thinking about AI, data, and intelligent machines as well as laying the groundwork for future feminist scholarship on AI. It brings together scholars from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds, from computer science, software engineering, and medical sciences to political theory, anthropology, and literature. It provides an entry point for scholars of AI, science and technology into the diversity of feminist approaches to AI, and creates a rich dialogue between scholars and practitioners of AI to examine the powerful congruences and generative tensions between different feminist approaches to new and emerging technologies. It features original and essential works specially selected to span multiple generations of practitioners and scholars. These contributors are also attuned to conversations at industry-level around the risks and possibilities that frame the drive to adopt AI. This collection reflects the increasingly blurred divide between the academy, industry and corporate research groups and brings interdisciplinary feminist insights together with postcolonial studies, disability theory, and critical race studies to confront ageism, racism, sexism, ableism, and class-based oppressions in AI.

Author : Sangeetha Menon
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-17
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789819705030

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AI, Consciousness and The New Humanism by Sangeetha Menon Pdf

Author : Mathias Fuchs,Karin Wenz
Publisher : transcript Verlag
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2023-08-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783839459041

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Digital Culture & Society (DCS) by Mathias Fuchs,Karin Wenz Pdf

What happened to the 1960s ideas of machine art, cybernetic art, »algorithmic revolution«, and the hopes for a democratization of the art market? How do contemporary art practitioners cope with the political situation and with the attempts of the Silicon Valley giants to appropriate algorithmic generation of art-like artefacts? This issue aims to discuss how the early concept of computer art is now being reframed as digital, post-digital or algorithmic art under the prevailing conditions of big data, smart AI, an almost all-encompassing surveillance technology and the political state of neo-liberalism.

Author : Matteo Pasquinelli
Publisher : Verso Books
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2023-10-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781788730082

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The Eye of the Master by Matteo Pasquinelli Pdf

A social history of AI that finally reveals its roots in the spatial computation of industrial factories and the surveillance of collective behaviour. What is AI? A dominant view describes it as the quest "to solve intelligence," a solution supposedly to be found in the secret logic of the mind or in the deep physiology of the brain, such as in its complex neural networks. The Eye of the Master argues, to the contrary, that the inner code of AI is shaped not by the imitation of biological intelligence, but the intelligence of labour and social relations, as it is found in Babbage's "calculating engines" of the industrial age as well as in the recent algorithms for image recognition and surveillance. The idea that AI may one day become autonomous (or "sentient", as someone thought of Google's LaMDA) is pure fantasy. Computer algorithms have always imitated the form of social relations and the organisation of labour in their own inner structure and their purpose remains blind automation. The Eye of the Master urges a new literacy on AI for scientists, journalists and new generations of activists, who should recognise that the "mystery" of AI is just the automation of labour at the highest degree, not intelligence per se.