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Ascetics, Society, and the Desert by James E. Goehring Pdf
Through rigorous examination of papyrological documentary sources, archaeology, and traditional literary sources, James Goehring gradually forces a new direction in understanding the evolution of monasticism. He ably transforms these sources into a clear narrative, thereby infusing the history of Egyptian monasticism with renewed energy.
Asceticism and Society in Crisis by Susan Ashbrook Harvey Pdf
John of Ephesus traveled throughout the sixth-century Byzantine world in his role as monk, missionary, writer and church leader. In his major work,The Lives of the Eastern Saints, he recorded 58 portraits of monks and nuns he had known, using the literary conventions of hagiography in a strikingly personal way. War, bubonic plague, famine, collective hysteria, and religious persecution were a part of daily life and the background against which asceticism developed an acute meaning for a beleaguered populace. Taking the work of John of Ephesus as her guide, Harvey explores the relationship between asceticism and society in the sixth-century Byzantine East. Concerned above all with the responsibility of the ascetic to lay society, John's writing narrates his experiences in the villages of the Syrian Orient, the deserts of Egypt, and the imperial city of Constantinople. Harvey's work contributes to a new understanding of the social world of the late antique Byzantine East, skillfully examining the character of ascetic practices, the traumatic separation of "Monophysite" churches, the fluctuating roles of women in Syriac Christianity, and the general contribution of hagiography to the study of history. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1990.
Asceticism and Its Critics by Oliver Freiberger Pdf
Scholars of religion have always been fascinated by asceticism. Some have even regarded this radical way of life-- the withdrawal from the world, combined with practices that seriously affect basic bodily needs, up to extreme forms of self-mortification --as the ultimate form of a true religious quest. This view is rooted in hagiographic descriptions of prominent ascetics and in other literary accounts that praise the ascetic life-style. Scholars have often overlooked, however, that in the history of religions ascetic beliefs and practices have also been strongly criticized, by followers of the same religious tradition as well as by outsiders. The respective sources provide sufficient evidence of such critical strands but surprisingly as yet no attempt has been made to analyze this criticism of asceticism systematically. This book is a first attempt of filling this gap. Ten studies present cases from both Asian and European traditions: classical and medieval Hinduism, early and contemporary Buddhism in South and East Asia, European antiquity, early and medieval Christianity, and 19th/20th century Aryan religion. Focusing on the critics of asceticism, their motives, their arguments, and the targets of their critique, these studies provide a broad range of issues for comparison. They suggest that the critique of asceticism is based on a worldview differing from and competing with the ascetic worldview, often in one and the same historical context. The book demonstrates that examining the critics of asceticism helps understand better the complexity of religious traditions and their cultural contexts. The comparative analysis, moreover, shows that the criticism of asceticism reflects a religious worldview as significant and widespread in the history of religions as asceticism itself is.
Envisioning God in the Humanities by Courtney J. P. Friesen Pdf
The humanities offer insights into the highest (and lowest) capabilities of our own natures and, at their best, they function as prophetic champions of human dignity and as inspired celebrants of beauty. Envisioning God in the Humanities pays tribute to the career of Melissa Harl Sellew, a scholar and teacher who embodies the ideals of these academic disciplines. The collaboration of these essays attests to the potentialities for transcendence that emerge from rigorous and collective reflection on the texts, images, and ideas produced in ancient societies. Taking its cue from Professor Sellew’s own distinguished scholarship, this collection of studies begins with analyses of the New Testament Gospels, then moves more broadly toward the religious life of the ancient world as attested both in literature and materiality, among Jews and Christians, Greeks and Romans. Just as Sellew has done throughout her career, so this volume invites us into to the joy of exploring distant societies and, in so doing, into the fuller discovery of one’s own self.
The World of Early Egyptian Christianity by D. W Johnson Pdf
With increasing interest in early Egyptian (Coptic) Christianity, this volume offers an important collection of essays about Coptic language, literature, and social history by the very finest authors in the field. The essays explore a wide range of topics and offer much to the advancement of Coptic studies
Death of the Desert by Christine Luckritz Marquis Pdf
In the late fourth century, the world of Christianity was torn apart by debate over the teachings of the third-century theologian Origen and his positions on the incorporeality of God. In the year 400, Archbishop Theophilus of Alexandria convened a council declaring Origen's later followers as heretics. Shortly thereafter, Theophilus banished the so-called Tall Brothers, four Origenist monks who led monastic communities in the western Egyptian desert, along with hundreds of their brethren. In some accounts, Theophilus leads a violent group of drunken youths and enslaved Ethiopians in sacking and desecrating the monastery; in others, he justly exercises his episcopal duties. In some versions, Theophilus' violent actions effectively bring the Golden Age of desert monasticism to an end; in others, he has shown proper respect for the desert fathers, whose life of asceticism is subsequently destroyed by bands of barbarian marauders. For some, the desert came to be inextricably connected to violence and trauma, while for others, it became a site of nostalgic recollection. Which of these narratives subsequent generations believed depended in good part on the sources they were reading. In Death of the Desert, Christine Luckritz Marquis offers a fresh examination of this critical juncture in Christian history and brings into dialogue narrative strands that have largely been separated in the scholarly tradition. She takes the violence perpetrated by Theophilus as a turning point for desert monasticism and considers how monks became involved in acts of violence and how that violence came back to haunt them. More broadly, her careful attention to the dynamic relations between memory practices, the rhetorical constructions of place, racialized discourse, and language and deeds of violence speak to us in our own time.
A Companion to Greco-Roman and Late Antique Egypt by Katelijn Vandorpe Pdf
An authoritative and multidisciplinary Companion to Egypt during the Greco‑Roman and Late Antique period With contributions from noted authorities in the field, A Companion to Greco-Roman and Late Antique Egypt offers a comprehensive resource that covers almost 1000 years of Egyptian history, starting with the liberation of Egypt from Persian rule by Alexander the Great in 332 BC and ending in AD 642, when Arab rule started in the Nile country. The Companion takes a largely sociological perspective and includes a section on life portraits at the end of each part. The theme of identity in a multicultural environment and a chapter on the quality of life of Egypt's inhabitants clearly illustrate this objective. The authors put the emphasis on the changes that occurred in the Greco-Roman and Late Antique periods, as illustrated by such topics as: Traditional religious life challenged; Governing a country with a past: between tradition and innovation; and Creative minds in theory and praxis. This important resource: Discusses how Egypt became part of a globalizing world in Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine times Explores notable innovations by the Ptolemies and Romans Puts the focus on the longue durée development Offers a thematic and multidisciplinary approach to the subject, bringing together scholars of different disciplines Contains life portraits in which various aspects and themes of people’s daily life in Egypt are discussed Written for academics and students of the Greco-Roman and Late Antique Egypt period, this Companion offers a guide that is useful for students in the areas of Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and New Testament studies.
“Wealth without work Pleasure without conscience Science without humanity Knowledge without character Politics without principle Commerce without morality Worship without sacrifice. https://vidjambov.blogspot.com/2023/01/book-inventory-vladimir-djambov-talmach.html Table of Contents Nikolai Talberg. 3 Volume 1. 4 Volume 2. 4 HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN CHURCH.. 4 Volume 2. 1801-1908. 4 NIKOLAI TALBERG.. 6 Nikolai Talberg. 7 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH.. 7 APOSTOLIC AGE. 7 Conditions that Favored the Spread of the Church. 7 First Decades after the Ascension of the Lord. 14 Apostolic Cathedral in Jerusalem. 17 Further Works of Ap. Paul. 18 Proceedings of Ap. Peter and other Apostles. 21 FIRST THREE CENTURIES. 25 Spread of the Church in the First Two Centuries of Christianity. 25 The Persecution of the Church by the Jews. 26 Persecution by the Gentiles. 27 Persecution of Christians by the Emperors. 28 Holy Martyrs. 36 Edict of Constantine the Great. 46 EARLY CHRISTIAN WRITING. FALSE TEACHINGS. 48 Attacks on Christians by Scientists and Philosophers. Church Life. 48 Christian Apologists. 49 Sources of the Doctrine of the Church. 52 Canon of Holy Books and Holy Tradition. 53 A summary of Church Doctrine in Symbols. 55 Private Dogmas, Revealed by the Holy Church. 56 The Origin of Heresies and False Doctrines. 58 Heretics Judaizers. 59 Gnosticism. 63 Manichaeism. 68 Heresy of the Antitrinitarians. 72 Montanism. 75 Chiliasm. 77 Apostolic Men. 78 Theological Science after the Apostolic Age. 81 CHURCH LIFE. 90 Organization and Management of the Church. 90 Church Positions. 94 Election and Consecration of Clerics. 95 The Position of the Clergy in the First Centuries. 97 Relationships between Local Churches. 100 Disputes about the Celebration of Easter. 102 Execution of the Sacraments. 104 Disputes about the Baptism of Heretics. 109 Church Discipline. Splits. 110 Purity of Life of Christians of the First Centuries. 113 Christian Customs. 118 THE ERA OF CONSTANTINE THE GREAT AND HIS SUCCESSORS . 120 The Position of the Church under Constantine the Great and his successors. 120 Church under Julian the Apostate. 123 Church under Subsequent Emperors. 127 The Spread of the Church outside the Empire. 130 In Europe. 134 Efforts to Defend Falling Paganism. 144 The Troubles of the Church. 146 THE ERA OF THE ECUMENICAL COUNCILS. 150 A General Look at the Nature of Heresies of the 4th-8th Centuries. 150 First Ecumenical Council. 150 Second Ecumenical Council. 158 Third Ecumenical Council. 159 History of Nestorianism after the Council. 169 Fourth Ecumenical Council. 170 Monophysite Heresy after the Council. 174 Fifth Ecumenical Council. 179 The Persistence of the Monophysites and their Sects. 183 Sixth Ecumenical Council. 185 Iconoclastic Heresy and the Seventh Ecumenical Council. 189 Continuation of the Iconoclastic Heresy. 195 Filioque. 197 Euchites (Messalians). 199 Paulician heresy. 202 SPIRITUAL ENLIGHTENMENT 4TH-10TH CENTURIES. 205 Spiritual enlightenment in the second period. 205 Theological Schools in the East in the 4th and 5th Centuries. 206 Great Saints of the Eastern Church. 220 Spiritual Enlightenment in the West in the 4th and 5th Centuries. 222 Spiritual Enlightenment in the 6th-8th Centuries. 228 Spiritual Enlightenment in the East in the 9th and 10th Centuries. 235 Spiritual Enlightenment in the West in the 9th and 10th Centuries. 238 CHURCH ADMINISTRATION. 241 Relations between Church and State in the 4th-11th centuries. 241 Church Hierarchy. 246 Increase in Church Positions. 250 Church Administration. 251 Rise of the Patriarch of Constantinople. 255 Ecumenical Government and Church Legislation. 258 Papal Claims to Headship in the Church. 261 WORSHIP AND MONASTICISM. 269 Places of Public Worship. 269 Liturgical Times, Holidays and Fasts. 270 Liturgical Actions and Ceremonies. 273 Repentant Discipline and the Split of the Donatists. 276 Christian Life in General. 278 Monastic Life in the East. 281 Volume II 289 CHURCH IN THE WEST. 289 Features of Worship in the Western Church. 289 Monasticism in the West. 290 Christian Life in the Western Church in the 9th-10th Centuries. 293 FALL OF THE CHURCH IN THE WEST. 296 Causes that Prepared the Division of the Churches. 296 The Beginning of the Division. 297 The Final Division of the Churches in the 11th Century. 303 Reducing the Limits of the Greek-Eastern Church. 305 Attempts to Unite the Churches. 311 THE POSITION OF THE CHURCH IN THE EAST. 323 Patriarchal Administration. 323 The Relationship of Emperors to Patriarchs. 324 The Property of Churches, the Maintenance of the Clergy. 326 The State of Enlightenment under the Comneni and Palaiologoi. 328 Church Writers in the Comnenos Age. 329 Writers in the Age of Palaiologos. 331 Bogomil heresy. 333 Disputes of Varlaamites and Palamites. 337 The State of Worship. 338 The State of the Christian Life. 341 ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 344 Missionary Activity of the Latins. 344 Papacy and monasticism. 345 The struggle of popes with sovereigns for independence in church affairs. 345 The struggle of popes with sovereigns. 350 The Decline of Papal Power. 353 Attempts to Limit Papal Power. 357 Western Monasticism in the 10th and 11th centuries. 362 Monastic orders . 362 Spiritual and Knightly Orders. 365 Liturgical Innovations in the Roman Catholic Church. 367 Religious Life in the Roman Catholic Church. 368 HERESIES AND SECTS IN THE WEST. 373 Theological trends in the West. 373 New Dogma in the Roman Church. 375 Sects in the Roman Church in the 11th-15th Centuries. 378 REFORMATION. 382 General Dissatisfaction with the Roman Church. 382 Wyclef. 383 John Huss. 384 Savonarola. 388 Reform Movements in Germany. Lutheranism. 392 Further History of the Reformation in Germany. 395 Spread of Lutheranism in Europe. 398 Reformation in Switzerland. 400 Ulrich Zwingli. 400 Calvin. 401 Spread of Calvinism. 403 France. 403 Netherlands. 405 Scotland. 406 Protestant Sects before the Peace of Westphalia. 407 Anglican Church. 410 The Roman Church in the fight against Protestantism. 413 Trent Cathedral. 413 Jesuit Order. 417 Other Catholic Orders. 422 STATE OF PROTESTANT SOCIETIES. 423 Relations between Catholics and Protestants. 423 Protestant Missions among the Gentiles and Bible Societies. 425 Disunity in Protestant Societies. 425 New Protestant Sects. 427 ORTHODOX EAST. 433 The External State of the Church under the Turkish Yoke. 433 The Attitude of the Turkish Government towards the Church in the 19th Century. 439 Greek Struggle for Independence. 442 Foundation of an Independent Hellenic Church. 445 Russia's Participation in the Fate of Eastern Christians. 447 Hierarchy and Church Government 450 The Struggle for the Patriarchal Title. 454 Remarkable Patriarchs before Samuel I. 457 Patriarch Samuil I and His Reforms. 460 Hierarchy after Patriarch Samuel I. 462 The later State of the Church of Constantinople. 463 Other Eastern Patriarchates. 465 Spiritual Enlightenment. 471 Protection of Orthodoxy from Protestantism. 474 CHURCH POLICY OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM. 477 Protection of the Orthodox from Latin Propaganda. 477 The Attempts of the Latins to Take Possession of the Holy Places in Palestine. 480 New Attempts by the Popes in Favor of the Union. 482 Relations Between the Papacy and the Catholic States. 484 Religious Trends in the Roman Church. 489 New Dogma in the Roman Church. 496 Old Catholics. 498 ORTHODOX CHURCHES. 502 Attempts of the Anglican Church to Unite with the Orthodox. 502 Councils that Defended Orthodoxy from Latins and Protestants. 504 Famous Writers of the Greco-Eastern Church. 505 The State of Worship. 508 The State of the Christian Life. 510 Bulgarian Church. 511 Church in the Serbian Kingdom. 517 Orthodox Church in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 521 Orthodox Church in Montenegro. 521 Orthodox Church in Austria-Hungary. 523 HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN CHURCH.. 527 Volume 2. 1801-1908. 527 THE GROWTH OF CHURCH LIFE. 527 The Reign of Emperor Alexander I. 527 Reign of Emperor Nicholas I. (1825-1855) 538 Reign of Emperor Alexander II. (1855-1881). 544 Reign of Emperor Alexander III. (1881-1894). 551 Reign of Emperor Nicholas II. 555 Diocesan administration. Clergy. 564 The Spread of Faith. 566 Missionary work in the Kazan diocese and neighboring areas. 566 Missionary work among the Kalmyks, Kirghiz and Samoyeds. 568 Missionary work in Siberia. 569 Missionary work in China. 577 Missionary work in Japan. 578 Restoration of Orthodoxy in the Caucasus. 580 Georgian church. 581 Orthodox missionary society. 582 Missionary conventions. 583 Jesuit propaganda. Uniates and their reunification. 583 Orthodoxy in the Baltic Region and in Finland. Relations with non-Christians in England and the USA. 590 Spiritual Enlightenment. 598 Representatives of Spiritual Science and Preaching. 602 Bible Society. Translation of the Bible into Russian. 618 Influences and Phenomena Alien to Orthodoxy; Opposition to them. 626 Worshipers and Pilgrims, Imperial Palestinian Society. 634 The State of the Religious Education of the People. 637 Sects. 640 Old Believers and Unity. 644 Glorification of Saints, New Holidays, Temples, Iconography. 652 Church Singing. 667 Church Government before the Restoration of the Patriarchate. 682 Monasteries, Ascetics. 685
The Monastic Origins of the Nag Hammadi Codices by Hugo Lundhaug,Lance Jenott Pdf
"Hugo Lundhaug and Lance Jenott offer a sustained argument for the monastic provenance of the Nag Hammadi Codices. They examine the arguments for and against a monastic Sitz im Leben and defend the view that the Codices were produced and read by Christian monks, most likely Pachomians, in the fourth- and fifth-century monasteries of Upper Egypt. Eschewing the modern classification of the Nag Hammadi texts as “Gnostic,” the authors approach the codices and their ancient owners from the perspective of the diverse monastic culture of late antique Egypt and situate them in the context of the ongoing controversies over extra-canonical literature and the theological legacy of Origen. Through a combination of sources, including idealized hagiographies, travelogues, monastic rules and exhortations, and the more quotidian details revealed in documentary papyri, manuscript collections, and archaeology, monasticism in the Thebaid is brought to life, and the Nag Hammadi codices situated within it. The cartonnage papyri from the leather covers of the codices, which bear witness to the monastic culture of the region, are closely examined, while scribal and codicological features of the codices are analyzed and compared with contemporary manuscripts from Egypt. Special attention is given to the codices’ scribal notes and colophons which offer direct evidence of their producers and users. The study ultimately reveals the Nag Hammadi Codices as a collection of books completely at home in the monastic manuscript culture of late antique Egypt."--
In the fourth century, the deserts of Egypt became the nerve center of a radical new movement, what we now call monasticism. Groups of Christians-from illiterate peasants to learned intellectuals-moved out to the wastelands beyond the Nile Valley and, in the famous words of Saint Athanasius, made the desert a city. In so doing, they captured the imagination of the ancient world. They forged techniques of prayer and asceticism, of discipleship and spiritual direction, that have remained central to Christianity ever since. Seeking to map the soul's long journey to God and plot out the subtle vagaries of the human heart, they created and inspired texts that became classics of Western spirituality. These Desert Christians were also brilliant storytellers, some of Christianity's finest. This book introduces the literature of early monasticism. It examines all the best-known works, including Athanasius' Life of Antony, the Lives of Pachomius, and the so-called Sayings of the Desert Fathers. Later chapters focus on two pioneers of monastic theology: Evagrius Ponticus, the first great theoretician of Christian mysticism; and John Cassian, who brought Egyptian monasticism to the Latin West. Along the way, readers are introduced to path-breaking discoveries-to new texts and recent archeological finds-that have revolutionized contemporary scholarship on monastic origins. Included are fascinating snippets from papyri and from little-known Coptic, Syriac, and Ethiopic texts. Interspersed in each chapter are illustrations, maps, and diagrams that help readers sort through the key texts and the richly-textured world of early monasticism. Geared to a wide audience and written in clear, jargon-free prose, Desert Christians offers the most comprehensive and accessible introduction to early monasticism.
In Rome in A.D. 165, two men named Carpus and Papylus stood before the proconsul of Pergamum, charged with the crime of being Christians. Not even torture could make them deny Christ, so they were burned alive. Is my faithfulness as strong? In the fifth century, Melania the Younger and her husband, Pinian, distributed their enormous wealth to the poor and intentionally practiced the discipline of renunciation. Could living more simply deepen my trust in God? In the sixteen hundreds, Philipp Jakob Spener's love for the Word of God and his desire to help people apply the Bible to their life moved him to start "Colleges of Piety," or small groups. In what ways could commitment to community make me more like Christ? The history of the church has shaped what our faith and practice are like today. It's tempting to think that the way we do things now is best, but history also has much to teach us about what we've forgotten. In Water from a Deep Well, Gerald Sittser opens to us the rich history of spirituality, letting us gaze at the practices and stories of believers from the past who had the same thirst for God that we do today. As we see their deep faith through his vibrant narratives, we may discover that old ways can bring new life to our own spirituality.
Author : Susan Ashbrook Harvey Publisher : University of California Press Page : 248 pages File Size : 46,8 Mb Release : 2018-05-04 Category : History ISBN : 9780520301450
Asceticism and Society in Crisis by Susan Ashbrook Harvey Pdf
John of Ephesus traveled throughout the sixth-century Byzantine world in his role as monk, missionary, writer and church leader. In his major work,The Lives of the Eastern Saints, he recorded 58 portraits of monks and nuns he had known, using the literary conventions of hagiography in a strikingly personal way. War, bubonic plague, famine, collective hysteria, and religious persecution were a part of daily life and the background against which asceticism developed an acute meaning for a beleaguered populace. Taking the work of John of Ephesus as her guide, Harvey explores the relationship between asceticism and society in the sixth-century Byzantine East. Concerned above all with the responsibility of the ascetic to lay society, John's writing narrates his experiences in the villages of the Syrian Orient, the deserts of Egypt, and the imperial city of Constantinople. Harvey's work contributes to a new understanding of the social world of the late antique Byzantine East, skillfully examining the character of ascetic practices, the traumatic separation of "Monophysite" churches, the fluctuating roles of women in Syriac Christianity, and the general contribution of hagiography to the study of history. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1990.
A leading scholar of ascetical studies, Richard Valantasis explores a variety of ascetical traditions ranging from the Greco-Roman philosophy of Musonius Rufus, the asceticism found in the Nag Hammadi Library and in certain Gnostic texts, the Gospelof Thomas, and other early Christian texts. This collection gathers historical and theoretical essays develop a theory of asceticism that informs the analysis of historical texts and opens the way for postmodern ascetical studies. Wide-ranging in historical scope and in developing theory, these essays address asceticism for scholar and student alike. The theory will be of particular interest to those interested in cultural theory and analysis, while the historical essays provide the researcher with easy access to a significant corpus of academic writing on asceticism.
The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180-395 by David S. Potter Pdf
The Roman Empire at Bay is the only one volume history of the critical years 180-395 AD, which saw the transformation of the Roman Empire from a unitary state centred on Rome, into a new polity with two capitals and a new religion—Christianity. The book integrates social and intellectual history into the narrative, looking to explore the relationship between contingent events and deeper structure. It also covers an amazingly dramatic narrative from the civil wars after the death of Commodus through the conversion of Constantine to the arrival of the Goths in the Roman Empire, setting in motion the final collapse of the western empire. The new edition takes account of important new scholarship in questions of Roman identity, on economy and society as well as work on the age of Constantine, which has advanced significantly in the last decade, while recent archaeological and art historical work is more fully drawn into the narrative. At its core, the central question that drives The Roman Empire at Bay remains, what did it mean to be a Roman and how did that meaning change as the empire changed? Updated for a new generation of students, this book remains a crucial tool in the study of this period.