Aspects Of Explosives Detection

Author : Maurice Marshall,Jimmie C. Oxley
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2011-07-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080923147

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Aspects of Explosives Detection by Maurice Marshall,Jimmie C. Oxley Pdf

Detection and quantification of trace chemicals is a major thrust of analytical chemistry. In recent years much effort has been spent developing detection systems for priority pollutants. Less mature are the detections of substances of interest to law enforcement and security personnel:in particular explosives. This volume will discuss the detection of these, not only setting out the theoretical fundamentals, but also emphasizing the remarkable developments in the last decade. Terrorist events—airplanes blown out of the sky (PanAm 103 over Lockerbie) and attacks on U.S. and European cities (Trade Center in New York and the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, railways in London and Madrid)--emphasize the danger of concealed explosives. However, since most explosives release little vapor, it was not possible to detect them by technology used on most organic substances. After PanAm 103 was downed over Scotland, the U.S. Congress requested automatic explosive detection equipment be placed in airports. This volume outlines the history of explosive detection research, the developments along the way, present day technologies, and what we think the future holds. Written by experts in the field who set out both the scientific issues and the practical context with authority Discusses and describes the threat Describes the theoretical background and practical applications of both trace and bulk explosives detection

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on the Review of Existing and Potential Standoff Explosives Detection Techniques
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2004-05-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309166034

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Existing and Potential Standoff Explosives Detection Techniques by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on the Review of Existing and Potential Standoff Explosives Detection Techniques Pdf

Existing and Potential Standoff Explosives Detection Techniques examines the scientific techniques currently used as the basis for explosives detection and determines whether other techniques might provide promising research avenues with possible pathways to new detection protocols. This report describe the characteristics of explosives, bombs, and their components that are or might be used to provide a signature for exploitation in detection technology; considers scientific techniques for exploiting these characteristics to detect explosives and explosive devices; discusses the potential for integrating such techniques into detection systems that would have sufficient sensitivity without an unacceptable false-positive rate; and proposes areas for research that might be expected to yield significant advances in practical explosives and bomb detection technology in the near, mid, and long term.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Materials Advisory Board,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Panel on Assessment of Technologies Deployed to Improve Aviation Security
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1999-11-23
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309172431

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Assessment of Technologies Deployed to Improve Aviation Security by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Materials Advisory Board,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Panel on Assessment of Technologies Deployed to Improve Aviation Security Pdf

This report assesses the operational performance of explosives-detection equipment and hardened unit-loading devices (HULDs) in airports and compares their operational performance to their laboratory performance, with a focus on improving aviation security.

Author : Avi Cagan,Jimmie C. Oxley
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2021-12-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780444641045

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Counterterrorist Detection Techniques of Explosives by Avi Cagan,Jimmie C. Oxley Pdf

The use of explosives in terror attacks, including improvised ones, presents an ongoing threat which requires the development of techniques for detecting a larger variety of explosives, faster detection, and with lower rates of false alarms. Counterterrorist detection techniques of explosives [...] covers the most successful techniques for explosives detection at present. This completely revised volume describes the most updated research findings, which will be used in the next generation of explosives detection technologies. New editors Drs. Avi Cagan and Jimmie Oxley have assembled in one volume a series of detection technologies of explosives, written by a group of scientists who are experts in each of these technologies. The book helps researchers to compare the advantages and disadvantages of all available methods in detecting explosives and, in effect, allow them to choose the correct instrumental screening technology according to the nature of the sample.

Author : M Krausa
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2004-10-18
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9401570655

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Vapour and Trace Detection of Explosives for Anti-Terrorism Purposes by M Krausa Pdf

Up to now so called sniffer dogs are the most successful and widespread systems for the explosives detection at airports and in public areas. Dogs are able to detect explosives under various conditions. On the other hand dogs are living beings and their behavior and skills are influenced by numerous parameters (e.g. age, sex, trainer, daily condition, etc.). To overcome these problems concerning the detection of explosives and illicit substances by dogs chemical sensors seemed to be a valuable alternative for this application and therefore a valuable tool in counter terrorism. The presented papers are an outcome of an NATO ARW which was hold in Moscow and cover different aspects of vapour and trace detection of explosive. Starting from different scenarios (airport security, inspection of large areas, freight screening, boarding passes, etc.) and taking into account the capability of dogs the chances of and demands on chemical sensors are discussed in view of their possible application. Several papers highlight the capability and possibilities of different methods and devices for the vapour detection of explosives (drift MS, high speed gas analyzers, ion mobility increment spectrometer, etc.). Information about the post explosion identification of explosives by LC/MS and the development of explosive standards for dog training and sensor testing are presented also.

Author : Yin Sun
Publisher : ILM Publications
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781906799021

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Field Detection Technologies for Explosives by Yin Sun Pdf

Field Detection Technologies For Explosives Explosives are historically the weapons that have been most frequently used against civilians by terrorist organisations. In the past few years, the use of explosives by terrorist groups has cost the lives of more people than the combination of all other attacks, including the use of weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological and nuclear weapons). Early detection of these substances is one of the most effective ways to prevent attacks using explosives from occurring. Fast and reliable equipment to detect the presence of explosives and explosive devices is critical to fighting terrorism. Written in a style that makes complicated technologies easy to understand, this book covers the principles, instrumentation and applications of current technologies used to detect explosives in the field. Both trace detection technologies and bulk detection technologies are discussed. The section on trace detection technologies includes chapters on ion mobility spectrometry, piezoelectric sensors, chemiluminescence-based detectors, polymer-based technologies and mass spectrometry. It also discusses detection requirements, methodologies used for detector evaluation, and sampling technologies. The section on bulk detection contains chapters on x-ray, millimeter wave imaging, neutron and nuclear quadrupoie resonance technologies. This volume introduces the basic concepts of commonly used explosives detection technologies and is an essential resource for novice or more experienced personnel working in the explosives detection field as well as those with a general interest in this important subject. Features Discusses all aspects of commonly used field detection technologies. Reviews detection requirements and explosives sampling methods. Describes specific instruments used for field detection applications, such as at airports, harbours and border crossings. Includes a summary of common explosives and their important properties for easy reference. Provides an introduction to data fusion and receiver operating characteristic methods, both of which have recently received significant attention in the field of explosives detection. Book jacket.

Author : M. Krausa
Publisher : Springer
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2004-10-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 1402027141

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Vapour and Trace Detection of Explosives for Anti-Terrorism Purposes by M. Krausa Pdf

The fast detection of explosives from the vapor phase would be one way to enhance the protection of society against terrorist attacks. Up to now the problem of detection of explosives, especially the location of explosives whether at large areas e. g. station halls, theaters or hidden in cars, aircraft cargo, baggage or explosives hidden in crowds e. g. suicide bombers or bombs in bags has not been solved. Smelling of explosives like dogs do seems to be a valuable tool for a security chain. In general different strategies can be adopt to the basic problem of explosive detection: • bulk detection • vapor detection Normally meetings cover both aspects and applications of the detection. Even though both methods might fulfill special aspects of a general security chain the underlying scientific questions differ strongly. Because of that the discussions of the scientists and practitioners from the different main directions are sometimes only less specific. Therefore the NATO Advisory Panel in Security-Related Civil Science and Technology proposed a small series of NATO ARW's which focuses on the different scientific aspects of explosives detection methods. This book is based on material presented at the first NATO ARW of this series in Moscow which covered the topic: Vapor and trace detection of explosives. The second ARW was held in St. Petersburg and treated the topic Bulk detection methods. The third workshop was held in Warwick and focused on electronic noses which cover a somewhat different aspect of vapor detection.

Author : Hiltmar Schubert,Andrey Kuznetsov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401003971

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Detection of Explosives and Landmines by Hiltmar Schubert,Andrey Kuznetsov Pdf

This ARW is the third NATO-sponsored workshop on Explosives Detection and Humanitarian Demining. The previous events were • Detection and Destruction of Anti-Personnel Landmines Moscow, 1997 • Explosives Detection and Decontamination of the Environment Prague, 1997. Over the last decade applied research in Humanitarian Demining has made progress to some extend, but according to the tremendous tasks of Demining and the lack of scientific methods for practical detection of explosive devices, research activities are still of the same importance than ever before. Concerning countermeasures against terrorism the detection of explosives is one of the keyfactors, but the practical applications are not sufficient solved. An international exchange of research results are therefore urgent, to find out the most promising measures for application. The coincidence of this ARW and the terrible disaster of New York and Washington may demonstrate the importance of this task. In consequence the explosive device detection technologies can make a major contribution to collective, family and individual security. In developed countries, these technologies provide a strong deterrent and preventative measure against terrorist threats. In less developed regions, they can improve individual, institutional and state security, lessening the insecurity that motivates many terrorists acts. The elimination of landmine threats is just one of many ways of achieving this. However our attempts to meet the extremely difficult technical challenges posed by landmine and UXO contamination are inevitably leading us to new technological approaches.

Author : Hiltmar Schubert,Andrey Kuznetsov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2006-01-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402048876

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Detection and Disposal of Improvised Explosives by Hiltmar Schubert,Andrey Kuznetsov Pdf

This book collects lectures of an international NATO-Russian Advanced Research Workshop on Detection and Disposal of Improvised Explosives (IE) used by terrorists. The disposal of IE is especially dangerous, because they are often much more unstable and mechanically more sensitive than commercial or military explosives. This text covers detection of explosives by different analytical methods and the different shape and compositions of the explosive charge, and offers up-to-date advice on handling and disposal.

Author : Hiltmar Schubert,Andrey Kuznetsov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400709621

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Detection of Bulk Explosives Advanced Techniques against Terrorism by Hiltmar Schubert,Andrey Kuznetsov Pdf

Detection of Bulk Explosives: Advanced Techniques against Terrorism contains reviews of: existing and emerging bulk explosives detection techniques; scientific and technical policy of the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation; challenges in application and evaluation of EDS systems for aviation security; multi-sensor approach to explosives detection. There are also reports devoted to the following individual explosive detection techniques: X-ray systems in airports; neutron in, gamma out techniques; neutron and gamma backscattering; nuclear quadruple resonance, including remote NQR; sub-surface radars; microwave scanners; laser-induced burst spectroscopy (LIBS); acoustic sensors; nonlinear location (NUD); systems for localization and destruction of explosive objects.

Author : Paul M. Pellegrino,Ellen L. Holthoff,Mikella E. Farrell
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2018-09-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351831178

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Laser-Based Optical Detection of Explosives by Paul M. Pellegrino,Ellen L. Holthoff,Mikella E. Farrell Pdf

Laser-Based Optical Detection of Explosives offers a comprehensive review of past, present, and emerging laser-based methods for the detection of a variety of explosives. This book: Considers laser propagation safety and explains standard test material preparation for standoff optical-based detection system evaluation Explores explosives detection using deep ultraviolet native fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, reflectometry, and hyperspectral imaging Examines photodissociation followed by laser-induced fluorescence, photothermal methods, cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometry, and short-pulse laser-based techniques Describes the detection and recognition of explosives using terahertz-frequency spectroscopic techniques Each chapter is authored by a leading expert on the respective technology, and is structured to supply historical perspective, address current advantages and challenges, and discuss novel research and applications. Readers are left with an in-depth understanding and appreciation of each technology’s capabilities and potential for standoff hazard detection.

Author : Lorenzo Capineri,Eyüp Kuntay Turmuş
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2020-01-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789402417296

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Explosives Detection by Lorenzo Capineri,Eyüp Kuntay Turmuş Pdf

This volume presents selected contributions from the “Advanced Research Workshop on Explosives Detection” hosted by the Department of Information Engineering of the University of Florence, Italy in 2018. The main goal of the workshop was to find out how Science for Peace and Security projects in the field of Explosives Detection contribute to the development and/or refinement of scientific and technical knowledge and competencies. The findings of the workshop, presented in the last section of the book, determine future actions and direction of the SPS Programme in the field of explosives detection and management.The NATO Science for Peace and Security (SPS) Programme, promotes dialogue and practical cooperation between NATO member states and partner nations based on scientific research, technological innovation and knowledge exchange. Several initiatives were launched in the field of explosive detection and clearance, as part of NATO’s enhanced role in the international fight against terrorism. Experts and scientists from NATO members and partner countries have been brought together in multi-year projects, within the framework of the SPS Programme, to cooperate in the scientific research in explosive detection field, developing new technologies and methods to be implemented in order to detect explosive substances in different contexts.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Commercial products
ISBN : MINN:30000006051019

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Guide for the Selection of Commercial Explosives Detection Systems for Law Enforcement Applications by Anonim Pdf

Author : Ron Mistafa
Publisher : Calgary : Detselig Enterprises
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Explosives
ISBN : 1550591614

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K9 Explosive Detection by Ron Mistafa Pdf

This book focuses on the how-to aspects of K9 explosives detection training. It examines some of the major training systems used by North American police departments, then offers an approach that combines the most effective features of each. Designed to produce handler/dog teams that can conduct searches in any setting and under a variety of conditions, the book emphasises the gradual build-up of learning experiences and ongoing problem-solving. Some problems areas, such as working with other police speciality units, administrative issues, and working with non-police personnel, are also discussed.

Author : Jacques Fraissard,Olga Lapina
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2009-07-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789048130627

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Explosives Detection using Magnetic and Nuclear Resonance Techniques by Jacques Fraissard,Olga Lapina Pdf

Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) a highly promising new technique for bulk explosives detection: relatively inexpensive, more compact than NMR, but with considerable selectivity. Since the NQR frequency is insensitive to long-range variations in composition, mixing explosives with other materials, such as the plasticizers in plastic explosives, makes no difference. The NQR signal strength varies linearly with the amount of explosive, and is independent of its distribution within the volume monitored. NQR spots explosive types in configurations missed by the X-ray imaging method. But if NQR is so good, why it is not used everywhere? Its main limitation is the low signal-to-noise ratio, particularly with the radio-frequency interference that exists in a field environment, NQR polarization being much weaker than that from an external magnetic field. The distinctive signatures are there, but are difficult to extract from the noise. In addition, the high selectivity is partly a disadvantage, as it is hard to build a multichannel system necessary to cover a wide range of target substances. Moreover, substances fully screened by metallic enclosures, etc. are difficult to detect. A workshop was held at St Petersburg in July 2008 in an attempt to solve these problems and make NQR the universal technique for the detection of bombs regardless of type. This book presents the essentials of the papers given there.