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Asphalt (bitumen) by Joann Wess,Larry D. Olsen,Marie Haring Sweeney,World Health Organization Pdf
Asphalt, also known as bitumen, is a semi-solid, solid or viscous liquid produced by the distillation of crude oil during petroleum refining. It has a varied of uses including as paving and roofing materials, in protective coatings to prevent corrosion of metals, in the lining of irrigation canals, water reservoirs, dams, and sea defence works, in adhesives in electrical laminates and as a base for synthetic turf. This publication, part of a series from the International Programme on Chemical Safety, evaluates the effects of asphalts on human health and the environment.
Bituminous Mixtures in Road Construction by Robert N. Hunter Pdf
Every year more than 30 million tonnes of bituminous mixtures are laid in the UK in the course of maintenance and improvements of the road network. However, much of the technology associated with road construction and maintenance has never been published - until now. Bituminous mixtures in road construction has been published as the definitive guide to blacktop and addresses the theoretical and practical aspects of the design, manufacture and laying of bituminous mixtures. Written by a team of leading experts, the book provides up-to-the-minute thinking in materials specification, test methods and harmonisation of standards and covers all aspects of fully flexible road construction from foundation design through to surface treatment. In one handy volume, Bituminous mixtures in road construction presents the best of British expertise and will prove to be an essential guide for all engineers working on the construction and maintenance of highways.
Advances in Asphalt Materials by Shin-Che Huang,Hervé Di Benedetto Pdf
The urgent need for infrastructure rehabilitation and maintenance has led to a rise in the levels of research into bituminous materials. Breakthroughs in sustainable and environmentally friendly bituminous materials are certain to have a significant impact on national economies and energy sustainability. This book will provide a comprehensive review on recent advances in research and technological developments in bituminous materials. Opening with an introductory chapter on asphalt materials and a section on the perspective of bituminous binder specifications, Part One covers the physiochemical characterisation and analysis of asphalt materials. Part Two reviews the range of distress (damage) mechanisms in asphalt materials, with chapters covering cracking, deformation, fatigue cracking and healing of asphalt mixtures, as well as moisture damage and the multiscale oxidative aging modelling approach for asphalt concrete. The final section of this book investigates alternative asphalt materials. Chapters within this section review such aspects as alternative binders for asphalt pavements such as bio binders and RAP, paving with asphalt emulsions and aggregate grading optimization. Provides an insight into advances and techniques for bituminous materials Comprehensively reviews the physicochemical characteristics of bituminous materials Investigate asphalt materials on the nano-scale, including how RAP/RAS materials can be recycled and how asphalt materials can self-heal and rejuvenator selection
The Shell Bitumen Handbook by John Read,David Whiteoak,Shell Bitumen Pdf
"This new edition reflects many of the very significant advances which have taken place in the period since the last edition was published. I am confident that you will feel that this is a worthy addition to your asphalt book shelf." Robert Hunter This respected Handbook has earned its reputation as the authoritative source of information on bitumens used in road pavements and other surfacing applications. This new edition has been up-dated to ensure The Shell Bitumen Handbook retains its excellent reputation. This comprehensive Handbook covers every aspect of bitumen, from its manufacture, storage and handling to specifications and quality along with a whole chapter on bitumen emulsions. The mechanical testing and physical properties of bitumen, its structure and rheology, properties such as durability and adhesion, and the influence of these properties on performance in practice are all set out in individual chapters. A further chapter is devoted to the practice of enhancing the performance of bitumen's by the addition of modifiers. Considerable attention is given to the different aspects of asphalts, detailing types of mixture, their manufacture and testing, mechanical properties, transport, laying and compaction and mixture design. This excellent reference also devotes chapters to the important topics of analytical design of flexible pavements and the technology of surface dressing. Since the last edition, there have been significant strides in a number of key areas of asphalt technology. These include the development of new mixtures, an improved understanding of the mechanisms by which pavements fail and the availability of high-performance bitumens. The Handbook has been fully revised to reflect these advances, as well as updating the standard procedures and methods which are necessary nowadays for those involved in using asphalts in an environment of ever-more demanding specifications. Compiled by the Shell Bitumen European Technical Team The Shell Bitumen Handbook is intended to be of daily use to civil engineers in pavement construction and maintenance, and also to students and researchers.
IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,International Agency for Research on Cancer,World Health Organization
Author : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,International Agency for Research on Cancer,World Health Organization Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 364 pages File Size : 48,7 Mb Release : 2013 Category : Medical ISBN : UCR:31210023277963
Bitumens and Bitumen Emissions, and Some N- and S-heterocyclic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,International Agency for Research on Cancer,World Health Organization Pdf
This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of bitumens and their emissions, the N-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benz[a]acridine, benz[c]acridine, dibenz[a,h]acridine, dibenz[a,j]acridine, dibenz[c,h]acridine, carbazole and 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole, as well as the S-hetrocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene and dibenzothiophene. Bitumens are produced by distillation of crude oil during petroleum refining, and also occur naturally. Bitumens can be divided into six broad classes, according to their physical properties and specifications required for different applications. The major use (about 80%) of bitumens is for road paving; other uses include roofing, waterproofing, sealing and painting. The term "bitumen" should not be confused with "asphalt", which refers to the mixture of bitumen (4-10% by weight), small stones, sand and filler used for road paving. Bitumens are complex mixtures that contain a large number of organic chemical compounds. Application of bitumens may generate emissions (fumes and vapours) that may contain, among volatile and non-volatile compounds, a number of known or probable carcinogens. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of various occupations that entail exposure to bitumens and bitumen emissions, including road paving, roofing, and application of mastic asphalt, and to various heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic compounds.
Asphalt Science and Technology by Arthur Usmani Pdf
"Offers comprehensive, authoritative coverage of the chemistry, technology, and engineering of asphaltic products for paving, road construction, roofing, coatings, adhesives, and batteries. Analyzes microcracking and elucidates the mechanisms of degradation to aid the development of hot melt asphalt and increase longevity."
Shell has been at the forefront of bitumen technology for over 90 years, and continues to play a leading role in global bitumen research and development. The Shell Bitumen Handbook is an authoritative source of information on bitumen use in road pavements around the world.
Asphalts in Road Construction by Robert N Hunter Pdf
This is a useful guide to all facets of asphalt technology as applied to the construction and maintenance of highways and reflects the very best of UK asphalt and pavement technology. It covers all aspects of fully flexible road construction from foundation design through to surface treatment. The book also covers new materials.
Asphalt Pavements provides the know-how behind the design, production and maintenance of asphalt pavements and parking lots. Incorporating the latest technology, this book is the first to focus primarily on the design, production and maintenance of low-volume roads and parking areas. Special attention is given to determining the traffic capacity, required thickness and asphalt mixture type for parking applications. Topics covered include: material information such as binder properties, testing grading and selection; construction information such as mixing plant operation, proportioning, mixture placement and compaction; and design information such as thickness and mixture design methods and guidelines on applying these to highways, city streets and parking Areas. It is an essential practical guide aimed at those engineers and architects who are not directly involved in the asphalt industry, but who nonetheless need to have a good general knowledge of the subject. Asphalt Pavements provides a novice with enough information to completely design, construct and specify an asphalt pavement.
