Astronomy At The Turn Of The Twentieth Century In Chile And The United States
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Astronomy at the Turn of the Twentieth Century in Chile and the United States by Bárbara K. Silva Pdf
This Palgrave Pivot tells the transnational story of the astronomical observatory in the hills near Santiago, Chile, built in the early twentieth century through the efforts of astronomers from the Lick Observatory in California. Venturing abroad to learn from largely unmapped Southern skies and, hopefully, answer lingering questions about the structure of the galaxy, they planned a three-year research expedition—but ended up staying for more than twenty-five years. The history of the Mills Expedition offers a window onto the history of astronomy, the challenges of scientific collaboration across national lines, and the political and cultural contexts of early-twentieth-century Chile and the United States.
Despite having undergone major advances in recent years, the history of technology in Latin America is still an understudied topic. This is the first English-language volume to bring together a variety of critical perspectives on the history of technology in Latin America from the early-19th century through to the present day. This special issue, assembled by guest editor David Pretel, brings together a range of experts to explore a plethora of topics in Latin America's technological history. Papers include a study of rural telephony in in 20th-century Latin America; the rise of the 'Techno-class' in modern Brazil; an analysis of the rise and fall of three Caribbean commodities; the history of educational technology in Latin America, and science and technology in Cold War Chile. Special Issue: Technology in Latin American History Edited by David Pretel (Colegio de Mexico, Mexico) and Helge Wendt (Max Plank Institute for the History of Science, Germany)
Dynamic Astronomy in Latin America by Carlos Abad,Ángel Bongiovanni,Yaneth Guillén Pdf
"The Third International Meeting of Dynamic Astronomy in Latin America, (Tercera Reunion sobre Astronomıa Dinamica en Latino-America) which we named ADeLA-2004, was held on November 22-24, 2004 in Merida. It represents the consolidation and continuity of a series of meetings about Astrometry and related topics. The first meeting took place in 2001 in San Juan (Argentina), followed by the second meeting in 2002 in Araraquara (Brazil). Astrometry, after an original and basic contribution not only to Astronomy as a branch of science but also to the direct development of society, starts declining when in the middle of the twentieth century it gets far from astrophysical research and the human mind finds alternative ways to solve the upcoming development problems. This fact has progressively made the financing models for scientific projects focus on and expandtowards the more "productive" areas of Astronomy, leaving aside Astrometry, which we consider a vital area. Even when preparing themselves academically, the astrometrists with their meticulous work, do not find easily government support and ways to compete. The rapid development of detectors and observation techniques during the last decade has almost completely transformed Astronomy. The data collected from observation are once again the main source for the theoreticaldevelopment of this science. Moreover, observations have often changed many theoretical concepts. Astrometry has not been left behind and the future, almost magical, observations include the space projectssuch as GAIA and SIM. These projects should be seen as the spur for the adaptation of Astrometry to the new era, making this area a basic one in the professional training of any astronomer. The astrometrist is the one whomust enlarge his scope to encompass data interpretation, taking advantage of the meticulous and craftsman-like character that this work has always had in order to access the big data bases that will be generated and arein danger of being considered as sources of statistical information. This concern for the future of Astrometry was discussed in this meeting. ADeLA-2004 had two additional innovations. The first one consisted in including a workshop, or a series of conferences on topics related to Astrometry, addressed to students interested in astronomy. This meeting has offered the opportunity to gather important foreign researchers. The participation of ESO Vitacura (Chile) researchers in ADeLA 2004, as well as the usual ADeLA meeting participants, facilitated a wide and diverseseries of lectures on related topics. These lectures were addressed both in a pedagogical and a professional atmosphere which encouraged Venezuelan undergraduate, and graduate students interested in or majoring in astronomy, to participate in both events. The so-called "Taller de ADeLA-2004" took place after the meeting on November 25 and 26. The workshop improved the relationships between the Venezuelan scientific and student communities."
“A palaeontological howdunnit…[Spying on Whales] captures the excitement of…seeking answers to deep questions in cetacean science.” —Nature Called “the best of science writing” (Edward O. Wilson) and named a best book by Popular Science, a dive into the secret lives of whales, from their four-legged past to their perilous present. Whales are among the largest, most intelligent, deepest diving species to have ever lived on our planet. They evolved from land-roaming, dog-sized creatures into animals that move like fish, breathe like us, can grow to 300,000 pounds, live 200 years and travel entire ocean basins. Whales fill us with terror, awe, and affection--yet there is still so much we don't know about them. Why did it take whales over 50 million years to evolve to such big sizes, and how do they eat enough to stay that big? How did their ancestors return from land to the sea--and what can their lives tell us about evolution as a whole? Importantly, in the sweepstakes of human-driven habitat and climate change, will whales survive? Nick Pyenson's research has given us the answers to some of our biggest questions about whales. He takes us deep inside the Smithsonian's unparalleled fossil collections, to frigid Antarctic waters, and to the arid desert in Chile, where scientists race against time to document the largest fossil whale site ever found. Full of rich storytelling and scientific discovery, Spying on Whales spans the ancient past to an uncertain future--all to better understand the most enigmatic creatures on Earth.
Contemporary U.S.-Latin American Relations by Jorge I. Domínguez,Rafael Fernández de Castro Pdf
Drawing on the research and experience of fifteen internationally recognized Latin America scholars, this insightful text presents an overview of inter-American relations during the first two decades of the twenty-first century. This unique collection identifies broad changes in the international system that have had significant effects in the Western Hemisphere, including issues of politics and economics, the securitization of U.S. foreign policy, balancing U.S. primacy, the wider impact of the world beyond the Americas, especially the rise of China, and the complexities of relationships between neighbors. The second edition of Contemporary U.S.-Latin American Relations focuses on U.S. neighbors near and far —Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela. Each chapter addresses a country’s relations with the United States, and each considers themes that are unique to that country’s bilateral relations as well as those themes that are more general to the relations of Latin America as a whole. The book also features new chapters on transnational criminal violence, the Latino diasporas in the United States, and U.S.-Latin American migration. This cohesive and accessible volume is required reading for Latin American politics students and scholars alike.
The Pan-American Scientific Congresses ushered a new scientific era in Latin America. Bringing together scientists, engineers, and medical researchers from both South and North America, they facilitated the exchange of ideas between the two regions at the beginning of the twentieth century. Nobel Prize thinkers such as Albert Michelson and others, such as Franz Boas and Elmer Sperry, were some of the participants. The study describes the latest scientific advancements being diffused in these congresses, as well as the factors affecting the adoption of such advancements. Rodrigo Fernos teaches at the University of Puerto Rico (Rio Piedras).
What happens when the bottlenecks that stand between supply and demand in our culture go away and everything becomes available to everyone? "The Long Tail" is a powerful new force in our economy: the rise of the niche. As the cost of reaching consumers drops dramatically, our markets are shifting from a one-size-fits-all model of mass appeal to one of unlimited variety for unique tastes. From supermarket shelves to advertising agencies, the ability to offer vast choice is changing everything, and causing us to rethink where our markets lie and how to get to them. Unlimited selection is revealing truths about what consumers want and how they want to get it, from DVDs at Netflix to songs on iTunes to advertising on Google. However, this is not just a virtue of online marketplaces; it is an example of an entirely new economic model for business, one that is just beginning to show its power. After a century of obsessing over the few products at the head of the demand curve, the new economics of distribution allow us to turn our focus to the many more products in the tail, which collectively can create a new market as big as the one we already know. The Long Tail is really about the economics of abundance. New efficiencies in distribution, manufacturing, and marketing are essentially resetting the definition of what's commercially viable across the board. If the 20th century was about hits, the 21st will be equally about niches.
Today, we recognize that we live on a planet circling the sun, that our sun is just one of billions of stars in the galaxy we call the Milky Way, and that our galaxy is but one of billions born out of the Big Bang. Yet as recently as the early twentieth century, the general public and even astronomers had vague and confused notions about what lay beyond the visible stars. Can we see to the edge of the universe? Do we live in a system that would look, from a distance, like a spiral nebula? This fully updated second edition of Minding the Heavens: The Story of Our Discovery of the Milky Way explores how we learned that we live in a galaxy, in a universe of composed of galaxies and unseen, mysterious dark matter. The story unfolds through short biographies of seven astronomers: Thomas Wright, William Herschel, and Wilhelm Struve of the 18th and 19th centuries; the transitional figure of William Huggins; and Jacobus Kapteyn, Harlow Shapley, and Edwin Hubble of the modern, big-telescope era. Each contributed key insights to our present understanding of where we live in the cosmos, and each was directly inspired by the work of his predecessors to decipher "the construction of the heavens." Along the way the narrative weaves in the contributions of those in supportive roles, including Caroline Herschel—William’s sister, and the first woman paid to do astronomy—and Martha Shapley, a mathematician in her own right who carried out calculations for her spouse. Through this historical perspective readers will gain a new appreciation of our magnificent Milky Way galaxy and of the beauties of the night sky, from ghostly nebulae to sparkling star clusters. Features: Fully updated throughout to reflect the latest in our understanding of the Milky Way, from our central supermassive black hole to the prospect of future mergers with other galaxies in our Local Group. Explains the significance of current research, including from the Gaia mission mapping our galaxy in unprecedented detail Unique and broadly appealing approach. A biographical framework and ample illustrations lead the reader by easy, enjoyable steps to a well-rounded understanding of the history of astronomy. Praise for the first edition— "A terrific blend of the science and the history." - Marth Haynes, Goldwin Smith Professor of Astronomy, Cornell University "The book is a treat... Highly recommended for public and academic libraries." -Peter Hepburn (now Head Librarian, College of the Canyons, Santa Clarita, California)
Author : Richard A. Jarrell Publisher : University of Toronto Press Page : 288 pages File Size : 50,8 Mb Release : 1988-12-15 Category : History ISBN : 9781487590543
The discovery in 1987 of a supernova brought to world attention the excellence of Canadian astronomers. As Richard Jarrell explains in this book, the path to excellence has been a long one. Although astronomy has been practised in this country from the earliest days of exploration, its professional status has slowly evolved in much the same way as has the nation itself. In the period of exploration and early settlement, the practical needs of navigators and surveyors were foremost. Astronomical practitioners – for many used astronomy but few were professional or even amateur astronomers – came from elsewhere. Only when Canada was a settled colony, halfway through the nineteenth century, did its own scientific needs emerge. By the century's end Canadian astronomy, socially and institutionally unique and independent, had been established: astronomers born and trained in Canada worked in their own organized and funded institutions. In the twentieth century the story is dominated by the Dominion Observatory, and, in higher education, the University of Toronto. The federal government remained the biggest actor, in employment and funding, first through the observatories, then the National Research Council. The expansion of universities greatly broadened the scope of Canadian astronomy, while the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, local clubs, literature, planetariums, and museums kept the public informed. By the 1960s Canadian astronomy, though small in size, was as sophisticated as any in the world.
