Atmospheric Nuclear Tests

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Nuclear weapons
ISBN : UCLA:L0082751215

Get Book

United States Nuclear Tests by Anonim Pdf

This document lists chronologically and alphabetically by name all nuclear tests and simultaneous detonations conducted by the United States from July 1945 through September 1992. Two nuclear weapons that the United States exploded over Japan ending World War II are not listed. These detonations were not "tests" in the sense that they were conducted to prove that the weapon would work as designed (as was the first test near Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945), or to advance nuclear weapon design, or to determine weapons effects, or to verify weapon safety as were the more than one thousand tests that have taken place since June 30,1946. The nuclear weapon (nicknamed "Little Boy") dropped August 6,1945 from a United States Army Air Force B-29 bomber (the Enola Gay) and detonated over Hiroshima, Japan had an energy yield equivalent to that of 15,000 tons of TNT. The nuclear weapon (virtually identical to "Fat Man") exploded in a similar fashion August 9, 1945 over Nagaski, Japan had a yield of 21,000 tons of TNT. Both detonations were intended to end World War II as quickly as possible. Data on United States tests were obtained from, and verified by, the U.S. Department of Energy's three weapons laboratories -- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California; and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Additionally, data were obtained from public announcements issued by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and its successors, the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, and the U.S. Department of Energy, respectively.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Committee on Film Badge Dosimetry in Atmospheric Nuclear Tests
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1989-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309040792

Get Book

Film Badge Dosimetry in Atmospheric Nuclear Tests by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Committee on Film Badge Dosimetry in Atmospheric Nuclear Tests Pdf

During the 18-year program of atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons (1945-1962), some of the 225,000 participants were exposed to radiation. Many of these participants have been experiencing sicknesses that may be test-related. Currently, test participants who had served in military units have pending over 6,000 claims for compensation at the Department of Veterans Affairs. This study presents improved methods for calculating the radiation doses to which these individuals were exposed, and are intended to be useful in the adjudication of their claims.

Author : Charles S. Shapiro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783662036105

Get Book

Atmospheric Nuclear Tests by Charles S. Shapiro Pdf

Radionuclides produced by past nuclear weapon test explosions comprise the largest source of anthropogenic radioactivity released into the earth's atmosphere to date. This volume presents data and models about the fate of the released radionuclides and their possible effects on human health. It is divided into the following three parts: - Source Term Studies; - Dose Reconstruction; - Ecological and Health Effects, and comprises both Western and formerly secret Soviet research studies, illuminates past and current research.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Medical Follow-up Agency,Committee to Study the Mortality of Military Personnel Present at Atmospheric Tests of Nuclear Weapons,Heather O'Maonaigh,Harriet Crawford,William F. Page,Susan Thaul
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2000-03-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309172592

Get Book

The Five Series Study by Institute of Medicine,Medical Follow-up Agency,Committee to Study the Mortality of Military Personnel Present at Atmospheric Tests of Nuclear Weapons,Heather O'Maonaigh,Harriet Crawford,William F. Page,Susan Thaul Pdf

More than 200,000 U.S. military personnel participated in atmospheric nuclear weapons tests between 1945 and the 1963 Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Questions persist, such as whether that test participation is associated with the timing and causes of death among those individuals. This is the report of a mortality study of the approximately 70,000 soldiers, sailors, and airmen who participated in at least one of five selected U.S. nuclear weapons test series1 in the 1950s and nearly 65,000 comparable nonparticipants, the referents. The investigation described in this report, based on more than 5 million person-years of mortality follow-up, represents one of the largest cohort studies of military veterans ever conducted.

Author : International Council for Science
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2000-04-14
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015042570484

Get Book

Nuclear Test Explosions, Scope 59 by International Council for Science Pdf

Nuclear Test Explosions Environmental and Human Impacts Edited by Sir Frederick Warner University of Essex, UK and Rene J.C. University of Liege, Belgium Nuclear Test Explosions summarises the findings of the international project SCOPE-RADTEST (Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment - RADiation from nuclear TEST explosions), on the environmental and human impacts of nuclear tests. The location and dates of 730 explosions and the 2419 tests performed between 1945 and 1998 are given followed by discussion of their effects. The nuclear test sites include: Nevada, Semipalatinsk, Novaya Zemlya, South Pacific, Australia and Lob Nor. The fallout from 541 atmospheric tests and effects on human health and environment are assessed and the development of nuclear weapons is described. The contents of the book have been assembled by a team of experts and should greatly assist in the discussion of weapons limitation.

Author : Richard Lee Miller
Publisher : Two-Sixty Press
Page : 572 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Nuclear weapons
ISBN : 0029216206

Get Book

Under the Cloud by Richard Lee Miller Pdf

In "a chilling documentary history of America's above-ground nuclear tests conducted during the 1950s and early 1960s, Miller takes on the subject and universalizes it, at the same time giving it the flavor of a Dos Passos novel" ("Kirkus Reviews").

Author : Nic Maclellan
Publisher : ANU Press
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2017-09-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781760461386

Get Book

Grappling with the Bomb by Nic Maclellan Pdf

Grappling with the Bomb is a history of Britain’s 1950s program to test the hydrogen bomb, code name Operation Grapple. In 1957–58, nine atmospheric nuclear tests were held at Malden Island and Christmas Island—today, part of the Pacific nation of Kiribati. Nearly 14,000 troops travelled to the central Pacific for the UK nuclear testing program—many are still living with the health and environmental consequences. Based on archival research and interviews with nuclear survivors, Grappling with the Bomb presents i-Kiribati woman Sui Kiritome, British pacifist Harold Steele, businessman James Burns, Fijian sailor Paul Ah Poy, English volunteers Mary and Billie Burgess and many other witnesses to Britain’s nuclear folly.

Author : Michael Light
Publisher : Knopf
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-03
Category : Photography
ISBN : 9780307509833

Get Book

100 Suns by Michael Light Pdf

Between July 1945 and November 1962 the United States is known to have conducted 216 atmospheric and underwater nuclear tests. After the Limited Test Ban Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1963, nuclear testing went underground. It became literally invisible—but more frequent: the United States conducted a further 723 underground tests, the last in 1992. 100 Suns documents the era of visible nuclear testing, the atmospheric era, with one hundred photographs drawn by Michael Light from the archives at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the U.S. National Archives in Maryland. It includes previously classified material from the clandestine Lookout Mountain Air Force Station based in Hollywood, whose film directors, cameramen and still photographers were sworn to secrecy. The title, 100 Suns, refers to the response by J.Robert Oppenheimer to the world’s first nuclear explosion in New Mexico when he quoted a passage from the Bhagavad Gita, the classic Vedic text: “If the radiance of a thousand suns were to burst forth at once in the sky, that would be like the splendor of the Mighty One . . . I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.” This was Oppenheimer’s attempt to describe the otherwise indescribable. 100 Suns likewise confronts the indescribable by presenting without embellishment the stark evidence of the tests at the moment of detonation. Since the tests were conducted either in Nevada or the Pacific the book is simply divided between the desert and the ocean. Each photograph is presented with the name of the test, its explosive yield in kilotons or megatons, the date and the location. The enormity of the events recorded is contrasted with the understated neutrality of bare data. Interspersed within the sequence of explosions are pictures of the awestruck witnesses. The evidence of these photographs is terrifying in its implication while at same time profoundly disconcerting as a spectacle. The visual grandeur of such imagery is balanced by the chilling facts provided at the end of the book in the detailed captions, a chronology of the development of nuclear weaponry and an extensive bibliography. A dramatic sequel to Michael Light’s Full Moon, 100 Suns forms an unprecedented historical document.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Radiation Effects Research,Committee to Assess the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2005-10-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309096102

Get Book

Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Radiation Effects Research,Committee to Assess the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program Pdf

The Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) was set up by Congress in 1990 to compensate people who have been diagnosed with specified cancers and chronic diseases that could have resulted from exposure to nuclear-weapons tests at various U.S. test sites. Eligible claimants include civilian onsite participants, downwinders who lived in areas currently designated by RECA, and uranium workers and ore transporters who meet specified residence or exposure criteria. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), which oversees the screening, education, and referral services program for RECA populations, asked the National Academies to review its program and assess whether new scientific information could be used to improve its program and determine if additional populations or geographic areas should be covered under RECA. The report recommends Congress should establish a new science-based process using a method called "probability of causation/assigned share" (PC/AS) to determine eligibility for compensation. Because fallout may have been higher for people outside RECA-designated areas, the new PC/AS process should apply to all residents of the continental US, Alaska, Hawaii, and overseas US territories who have been diagnosed with specific RECA-compensable diseases and who may have been exposed, even in utero, to radiation from U.S. nuclear-weapons testing fallout. However, because the risks of radiation-induced disease are generally low at the exposure levels of concern in RECA populations, in most cases it is unlikely that exposure to radioactive fallout was a substantial contributing cause of cancer.

Author : U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1964
Category : Nuclear weapons
ISBN : STANFORD:36105007602142

Get Book

Health Aspects of Nuclear Weapons Testing by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Pdf

Author : Gordon M. Dunning,U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1964
Category : Nuclear weapons
ISBN : STANFORD:36105038376419

Get Book

Health Aspects of Nuclear Weapons Testing by Gordon M. Dunning,U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Pdf

This pamphlet is concerned principally with the health aspects of nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere. Nothing new is contained herein and much has been omitted for brevity. The pamphlet does attempt to bring together the highlights of a large body of information and thus in some small way may assist in further enlightenment of a complex subject.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Government publications
ISBN : UCR:31210024829804

Get Book

The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Nuclear weapons
ISBN : UCSD:31822024267452

Get Book

Reference Manual : Background Materials for the CONUS Volumes by Anonim Pdf

Author : Viktor Nikitovich Mikhaĭlov
Publisher : Begell House Publishers
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : History
ISBN : UCSC:32106012412273

Get Book

Catalog of Worldwide Nuclear Testing by Viktor Nikitovich Mikhaĭlov Pdf

The Catalog of Worldwide Nuclear Testing is the first ever complete compilation of all nuclear tests. Containing various vital information and data on all 2,049 nuclear tests conducted by the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France, and China (and the recent tests in India and Pakistan), the Catalog presents a uniform classification analysis of the five nuclear weapon states, including the dynamics, yield, and methods of testing. This unique volume has been compiled by a team of the best specialists of the Russian nuclear weapons establishment, headed by the former Minister of Atomic Energy of Russia, Victor Mikhailov, and including the following experts: I. A. Andryushin, A. K. Chemyshev, R. I. Ilkaev, A. M. Matushchenko, L. D. Ryabev, V. G. Srukov, N. P. Voloshin, and Yu. A. Yudin."

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on the CROSSROADS Nuclear Test
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1996-11-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309175173

Get Book

Mortality of Veteran Participants in the CROSSROADS Nuclear Test by Institute of Medicine,Committee on the CROSSROADS Nuclear Test Pdf

In 1946, approximately 40,000 U.S. military personnel participated in Operation CROSSROADS, an atmospheric nuclear test that took place at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Congress passed a law directing the Veterans Administration to determine whether there were any long-term adverse health effects associated with exposure to ionizing radiation from the detonation of nuclear devices. This book contains the results of an extensive epidemiological study of the mortality of participants compared with a similar group of nonparticipants. Topics of discussion include a breakdown of the study rationale; an overview of other studies of veteran participants in nuclear tests; and descriptions of Operation CROSSROADS, data sources for the study, participant and comparison cohorts, exposure details, mortality ascertainment, and findings and conclusions.