Autonomous Vehicle Ethics

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Autonomous Driving

Markus Maurer,J. Christian Gerdes,Barbara Lenz,Hermann Winner
Autonomous Driving Book PDF

Author : Markus Maurer,J. Christian Gerdes,Barbara Lenz,Hermann Winner
Publisher : Springer
Page : 706 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2016-05-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783662488478

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Autonomous Driving by Markus Maurer,J. Christian Gerdes,Barbara Lenz,Hermann Winner Pdf

This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of “autonomous driving".

Autonomous Vehicle Ethics

Ryan Jenkins,David Cerny,Tomas Hribek
Autonomous Vehicle Ethics Book PDF

Author : Ryan Jenkins,David Cerny,Tomas Hribek
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 529 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Automated vehicles
ISBN : 9780197639191

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Autonomous Vehicle Ethics by Ryan Jenkins,David Cerny,Tomas Hribek Pdf

"A runaway trolley is speeding down a track" So begins what is perhaps the most fecund thought experiment of the past several decades since its invention by Philippa Foot. Since then, moral philosophers have applied the "trolley problem" as a thought experiment to study many different ethical conflicts - and chief among them is the programming of autonomous vehicles. Nowadays, however, very few philosophers accept that the trolley problem is a perfect analogy for driverless cars or that the situations autonomous vehicles face will resemble the forced choice of the unlucky bystander in the original thought experiment. This book represents a substantial and purposeful effort to move the academic discussion beyond the trolley problem to the broader ethical, legal, and social implications that autonomous vehicles present. There are still urgent questions waiting to be addressed, for example: how AVs might interact with human drivers in mixed or "hybrid" traffic environments; how AVs might reshape our urban landscapes; what unique security or privacy concerns are raised by AVs as connected devices in the "Internet of Things"; how the benefits and burdens of this new technology, including mobility, traffic congestion, and pollution, will be distributed throughout society; and more. An attempt to map the landscape of these next-generation questions and to suggest preliminary answers, this volume draws on the disciplines of philosophy, sociology, economics, urban planning and transportation engineering, business ethics and more, and represents a global range of perspectives.

Autonomous Vehicles and the Law

Hannah YeeFen Lim
Autonomous Vehicles and the Law Book PDF

Author : Hannah YeeFen Lim
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2024-05-21
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781788115117

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Autonomous Vehicles and the Law by Hannah YeeFen Lim Pdf

Autonomous vehicles have attracted a great deal of attention in the media, however there are some inconsistencies between the perception of autonomous vehicles’ capabilities and their actual functions. This book provides an accessible explanation of how autonomous vehicles function, suggesting appropriate regulatory responses to the existing and emerging technology.

Test-Driving the Future

Diane Michelfelder
Test Driving the Future Book PDF

Author : Diane Michelfelder
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2022-09-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781786613240

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Test-Driving the Future by Diane Michelfelder Pdf

As the development of autonomous vehicles proceeds full-speed ahead, it is often said that this new, disruptive form of transportation will change everything. Such a claim has drawn both philosophical and public attention to what could be called ethical emergencies: imaginary situations ranging from life-or-death trolley-problem conundrums to large-scale cyber-attacks on mobility networks. This perspective puts other important, but less dramatic, ethical dilemmas connected with driverless vehicles at risk of being underexplored or simply ignored. The primary focus of the original essays collected together in this volume shifts to considering these issues, ones arising out of more everyday human-autonomous vehicle relations and encounters. Topics investigated range from how driverless vehicles ethically affect what it is to be a pedestrian to how they could inspire more opportunities for social justice, along with a consideration of the need for policy makers to look at the softer impacts of driverless cars. Overall, this volume contributes to defining a new area of exploration connected to the ethics of driverless vehicles, one that should appeal not only to philosophers of technology but to engineering designers, regulators, and urban planners as well. Contributors: Jason Borenstein, Jeremy Carp, Shane Epting, Sven Ove Hansson, Joseph Herkert, Ike Kamphof, Robert Kirkman, Diane Michelfelder, Keith Miller, Sven Nyholm, Robert Rosenberger, Patrick Schmidt, Tsjalling Swierstra, and Galit Wellner

Robot Ethics 2.0

Patrick Lin,Keith Abney,Ryan Jenkins
Robot Ethics 2 0 Book PDF

Author : Patrick Lin,Keith Abney,Ryan Jenkins
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2017-09-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190652968

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Robot Ethics 2.0 by Patrick Lin,Keith Abney,Ryan Jenkins Pdf

The robot population is rising on Earth and other planets. (Mars is inhabited entirely by robots.) As robots slip into more domains of human life--from the operating room to the bedroom--they take on our morally important tasks and decisions, as well as create new risks from psychological to physical. This makes it all the more urgent to study their ethical, legal, and policy impacts. To help the robotics industry and broader society, we need to not only press ahead on a wide range of issues, but also identify new ones emerging as quickly as the field is evolving. For instance, where military robots had received much attention in the past (and are still controversial today), this volume looks toward autonomous cars here as an important case study that cuts across diverse issues, from liability to psychology to trust and more. And because robotics feeds into and is fed by AI, the Internet of Things, and other cognate fields, robot ethics must also reach into those domains, too. Expanding these discussions also means listening to new voices; robot ethics is no longer the concern of a handful of scholars. Experts from different academic disciplines and geographical areas are now playing vital roles in shaping ethical, legal, and policy discussions worldwide. So, for a more complete study, the editors of this volume look beyond the usual suspects for the latest thinking. Many of the views as represented in this cutting-edge volume are provocative--but also what we need to push forward in unfamiliar territory.

Connected and Automated Vehicles: Integrating Engineering and Ethics

Fabio Fossa,Federico Cheli
Connected and Automated Vehicles Integrating Engineering and Ethics Book PDF

Author : Fabio Fossa,Federico Cheli
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2023-10-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031399916

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Connected and Automated Vehicles: Integrating Engineering and Ethics by Fabio Fossa,Federico Cheli Pdf

This book reports on theoretical and practical analyses of the ethical challenges connected to driving automation. It also aims at discussing issues that have arisen from the European Commission 2020 report “Ethics of Connected and Automated Vehicles. Recommendations on Road Safety, Privacy, Fairness, Explainability and Responsibility”. Gathering contributions by philosophers, social scientists, mechanical engineers, and UI designers, the book discusses key ethical concerns relating to responsibility and personal autonomy, privacy, safety, and cybersecurity, as well as explainability and human-machine interaction. On the one hand, it examines these issues from a theoretical, normative point of view. On the other hand, it proposes practical strategies to face the most urgent ethical problems, showing how the integration of ethics and technology can be achieved through design practices. All in all, this book fosters a multidisciplinary approach where philosophy, ethics, and engineering are integrated, rather than just juxtaposed. It is meant to inform and inspire an audience of philosophers of technology, ethicists, engineers, developers, manufacturers, and regulators, among other interested readers.

Autonomous Vehicle Technology

James M. Anderson,Kalra Nidhi,Karlyn D. Stanley,Paul Sorensen,Constantine Samaras,Oluwatobi A. Oluwatola
Autonomous Vehicle Technology Book PDF

Author : James M. Anderson,Kalra Nidhi,Karlyn D. Stanley,Paul Sorensen,Constantine Samaras,Oluwatobi A. Oluwatola
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2014-01-10
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9780833084378

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Autonomous Vehicle Technology by James M. Anderson,Kalra Nidhi,Karlyn D. Stanley,Paul Sorensen,Constantine Samaras,Oluwatobi A. Oluwatola Pdf

The automotive industry appears close to substantial change engendered by “self-driving” technologies. This technology offers the possibility of significant benefits to social welfare—saving lives; reducing crashes, congestion, fuel consumption, and pollution; increasing mobility for the disabled; and ultimately improving land use. This report is intended as a guide for state and federal policymakers on the many issues that this technology raises.

An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI

Christoph Bartneck,Christoph Lütge,Alan Wagner,Sean Welsh
An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI Book PDF

Author : Christoph Bartneck,Christoph Lütge,Alan Wagner,Sean Welsh
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-08-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030511104

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An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI by Christoph Bartneck,Christoph Lütge,Alan Wagner,Sean Welsh Pdf

This open access book introduces the reader to the foundations of AI and ethics. It discusses issues of trust, responsibility, liability, privacy and risk. It focuses on the interaction between people and the AI systems and Robotics they use. Designed to be accessible for a broad audience, reading this book does not require prerequisite technical, legal or philosophical expertise. Throughout, the authors use examples to illustrate the issues at hand and conclude the book with a discussion on the application areas of AI and Robotics, in particular autonomous vehicles, automatic weapon systems and biased algorithms. A list of questions and further readings is also included for students willing to explore the topic further.

Ethics of Driving Automation

Fabio Fossa
Ethics of Driving Automation Book PDF

Author : Fabio Fossa
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2023-01-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783031229824

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Ethics of Driving Automation by Fabio Fossa Pdf

This book offers a systematic and thorough philosophical analysis of the ways in which driving automation crosses path with ethical values. Upon introducing the different forms of driving automation and examining their relation to human autonomy, it provides readers with in-depth reflections on safety, privacy, moral judgment, control, responsibility, sustainability, and other ethical issues. Driving is undoubtedly a moral activity as a human act. Transferring it to artificial agents such as connected and automated vehicles necessarily raises many philosophical questions. When driving is automated, what happens to its ethical dimensions? Could artificial agents accomplish ethical objectives on our behalf, take moral decisions in our place, and drive us into a more ethical transportation future? In doing so, would they be “moral” as we are or in a way that is similar to, but also remarkably different from, our own? And what role is yet to be played by human responsibility and commitment? The book addresses these questions with the aim of stimulating an interdisciplinary dialogue between different stakeholders. They include automotive engineers, computer scientists, and moral philosophers, as well as industry representatives, policymakers, regulators, transportation experts, and the general public. Indeed, connected and automated vehicles will not take the high road for us . We must drive them there.

The Car That Knew Too Much

Jean-Francois Bonnefon
The Car That Knew Too Much Book PDF

Author : Jean-Francois Bonnefon
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2021-10-12
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262365383

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The Car That Knew Too Much by Jean-Francois Bonnefon Pdf

The inside story of the groundbreaking experiment that captured what people think about the life-and-death dilemmas posed by driverless cars. Human drivers don't find themselves facing such moral dilemmas as "should I sacrifice myself by driving off a cliff if that could save the life of a little girl on the road?" Human brains aren't fast enough to make that kind of calculation; the car is over the cliff in a nanosecond. A self-driving car, on the other hand, can compute fast enough to make such a decision--to do whatever humans have programmed it to do. But what should that be? This book investigates how people want driverless cars to decide matters of life and death. In The Car That Knew Too Much, psychologist Jean-François Bonnefon reports on a groundbreaking experiment that captured what people think cars should do in situations where not everyone can be saved. Sacrifice the passengers for pedestrians? Save children rather than adults? Kill one person so many can live? Bonnefon and his collaborators Iyad Rahwan and Azim Shariff designed the largest experiment in moral psychology ever: the Moral Machine, an interactive website that has allowed people --eventually, millions of them, from 233 countries and territories--to make choices within detailed accident scenarios. Bonnefon discusses the responses (reporting, among other things, that babies, children, and pregnant women were most likely to be saved), the media frenzy over news of the experiment, and scholarly responses to it. Boosters for driverless cars argue that they will be in fewer accidents than human-driven cars. It's up to humans to decide how many fatal accidents we will allow these cars to have.

Road Vehicle Automation 3

Gereon Meyer,Sven Beiker
Road Vehicle Automation 3 Book PDF

Author : Gereon Meyer,Sven Beiker
Publisher : Springer
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2016-07-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319405032

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Road Vehicle Automation 3 by Gereon Meyer,Sven Beiker Pdf

This edited book comprises papers about the impacts, benefits and challenges of connected and automated cars. It is the third volume of the LNMOB series dealing with Road Vehicle Automation. The book comprises contributions from researchers, industry practitioners and policy makers, covering perspectives from the U.S., Europe and Japan. It is based on the Automated Vehicles Symposium 2015 which was jointly organized by the Association of Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) and the Transportation Research Board (TRB) in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in July 2015. The topical spectrum includes, but is not limited to, public sector activities, human factors, ethical and business aspects, energy and technological perspectives, vehicle systems and transportation infrastructure. This book is an indispensable source of information for academic researchers, industrial engineers and policy makers interested in the topic of road vehicle automation.

Autonomous Vehicles

George Dimitrakopoulos,Aggelos Tsakanikas,Elias Panagiotopoulos
Autonomous Vehicles Book PDF

Author : George Dimitrakopoulos,Aggelos Tsakanikas,Elias Panagiotopoulos
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2021-04-15
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9780323901383

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Autonomous Vehicles by George Dimitrakopoulos,Aggelos Tsakanikas,Elias Panagiotopoulos Pdf

Autonomous Vehicles: Technologies, Regulations, and Societal Impacts explores both the autonomous driving concepts and the key hardware and software enablers, Artificial intelligence tools, needed infrastructure, communication protocols, and interaction with non-autonomous vehicles. It analyses the impacts of autonomous driving using a scenario-based approach to quantify the effects on the overall economy and affected sectors. The book assess from a qualitative and quantitative approach, the future of autonomous driving, and the main drivers, challenges, and barriers. The book investigates whether individuals are ready to use advanced automated driving vehicles technology, and to what extent we as a society are prepared to accept highly automated vehicles on the road. Building on the technologies, opportunities, strengths, threats, and weaknesses, Autonomous Vehicles: Technologies, Regulations, and Societal Impacts discusses the needed frameworks for automated vehicles to move inside and around cities. The book concludes with a discussion on what in applications comes next, outlining the future research needs. Broad, interdisciplinary and systematic coverage of the key issues in autonomous driving and vehicles Examines technological impact on society, governance, and the economy as a whole Includes foundational topical coverage, case studies, objectives, and glossary

Law and Autonomous Machines

Mark Chinen
Law and Autonomous Machines Book PDF

Author : Mark Chinen
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781786436597

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Law and Autonomous Machines by Mark Chinen Pdf

This book sets out a possible trajectory for the co-development of legal responsibility on the one hand and artificial intelligence and the machines and systems driven by it on the other. As autonomous technologies become more sophisticated it will be harder to attribute harms caused by them to the humans who design or work with them. This will put pressure on legal responsibility and autonomous technologies to co-evolve. Mark Chinen illustrates how these factors strengthen incentives to develop even more advanced systems, which in turn strengthens nascent calls to grant legal and moral status to autonomous machines. This book is a valuable resource for scholars and practitioners of legal doctrine, ethics, and autonomous technologies.

Product Development Within Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Legal Risk

Thomas Winkle
Product Development Within Artificial Intelligence Ethics and Legal Risk Book PDF

Author : Thomas Winkle
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Artificial intelligence
ISBN : 9783658342937

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Product Development Within Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Legal Risk by Thomas Winkle Pdf

This open-access-book synthesizes a supportive developer checklist considering sustainable Team and agile Project Management in the challenge of Artificial Intelligence and limits of image recognition. The study bases on technical, ethical, and legal requirements with examples concerning autonomous vehicles. As the first of its kind, it analyzes all reported car accidents state wide (1.28 million) over a 10-year period. Integrating of highly sensitive international court rulings and growing consumer expectations make this book a helpful guide for product and team development from initial concept until market launch. The author Thomas Winkle (Prof. Dr.-Ing., MBA Communication & Leadership) is a multiple author in best-selling Springer books such as "Autonomous Driving: Technical, Legal and Social Aspects" or the "Handbook of Driver Assistance Systems". His work bases on three decades in sustainable team consulting as employee and researcher in the legal departments of three car manufacturers as well as a professor at IU International University and TU Munich. Thomas Winkle received the Volkswagen research award for his significant Human-Centered Design into the development of the Automatic Emergency Brake. He was responsible to prepare the ADAS Code of Practice. As consultant at international courts, he links Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, Sustainable Agile Management, Mindful Communication and Law using Autonomous Vehicles example definition requirements.

Ethics for Robots

Derek Leben
Ethics for Robots Book PDF

Author : Derek Leben
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2018-07-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351769051

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Ethics for Robots by Derek Leben Pdf

Ethics for Robots describes and defends a method for designing and evaluating ethics algorithms for autonomous machines, such as self-driving cars and search and rescue drones. Derek Leben argues that such algorithms should be evaluated by how effectively they accomplish the problem of cooperation among self-interested organisms, and therefore, rather than simulating the psychological systems that have evolved to solve this problem, engineers should be tackling the problem itself, taking relevant lessons from our moral psychology. Leben draws on the moral theory of John Rawls, arguing that normative moral theories are attempts to develop optimal solutions to the problem of cooperation. He claims that Rawlsian Contractarianism leads to the ‘Maximin’ principle – the action that maximizes the minimum value – and that the Maximin principle is the most effective solution to the problem of cooperation. He contrasts the Maximin principle with other principles and shows how they can often produce non-cooperative results. Using real-world examples – such as an autonomous vehicle facing a situation where every action results in harm, home care machines, and autonomous weapons systems – Leben contrasts Rawlsian algorithms with alternatives derived from utilitarianism and natural rights libertarianism. Including chapter summaries and a glossary of technical terms, Ethics for Robots is essential reading for philosophers, engineers, computer scientists, and cognitive scientists working on the problem of ethics for autonomous systems.