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Ball Lightning is a natural phenomenon that is often associated with lightning. This book provides an explanation of Ball Lightning and includes the first report of an observation of Ball Lightning while it is forming. This book also describes potential clean energy technologies that will be possible based on this explanation.
'Cixin Liu is the author of your next favourite sci-fi novel' WIRED On his fourteenth birthday, right before his eyes, Chen's parents are incinerated by a blast of ball lightning. Striving to make sense of this bizarre tragedy, he dedicates his life to a single goal: to unlock the secrets of this enigmatic natural phenomenon. His pursuit of ball lightning will take him far from home, across mountain peaks chasing storms and deep into highly classified subterranean laboratories as he slowly unveils a new frontier in particle physics. Chen's obsession gives purpose to his lonely life, but it can't insulate him from the real world's interest in his discoveries. He will be pitted against scientists, soldiers and governments with motives of their own: a physicist who has no place for moral judgement in his pursuit of knowledge; a beautiful army major obsessed with new ways to wage war; a desperate nation facing certain military defeat. Conjuring awe-inspiring new worlds of cosmology and philosophy from meticulous scientific speculation, Ball Lightning has all the scope and imagination that so enthralled readers of Cixin Liu's award-winning Three-Body trilogy. Praise for Cixin Liu: 'Your next favourite sci-fi novel' Wired 'Immense' Barack Obama 'Unique' George R.R. Martin 'SF in the grand style' Guardian 'Mind-altering and immersive' Daily Mail 'A milestone in Chinese science-fiction' New York Times 'China's answer to Arthur C. Clarke' New Yorker Winner of the Hugo and Galaxy Awards for Best Novel
Down comes a deluge of sonorous hail, Or prone-descending rain. Wide-rent, the clouds Pour a whole flood, and yet, its flame unquenched, Th’unconquerable lightning struggles through. Ragged and fierce, or in red whirling balls, And fires the mountains with redoubled rage. Black from the stroke, above, the smould’ring pine Stands a sad shattered trunk; and, stretched below, A lifeless group the blasted cattle lie. James Thompson, “The Seasons” (1727) have been investigating ball lightning for more than two decades. I published a ball lightning report in Nature in 1976 that received worldwide publicity and I consequently many people wrote to me with accounts of their own experiences. Within a very short time, I had accumulated about 200 firsthand accounts, and the file has continued to grow steadily since then. Several things impressed me. Few of those who wrote to me had any detailed foreknowledge of ball lightning at the time of their observation. Nonetheless, once reports of other phenomena such as St. Elmo’s fire had been eliminated, the remaining descriptions were remarkably consistent. Furthermore, nearly all who contacted me were keen to have an explanation of what they had seen and seemed entirely sincere.
The Nature of Ball Lightning by Stanley Singer Pdf
In 1837 a comprehensive discussion of lightning appeared in the Annual of the French Bureau des Longitudes with a section on ball lightning which provided for the first time a readily available source in the scientific literature of the basic properties of this curious natural phenomenon. The author, Francois Arago, was the dominant influence in the French Academy of Sciences in the nineteenth century, having become a member of that august body at the age of twenty-three. His attention alone doubtless served at that time to establish the validity of scientific interest in the problem. In addition his discussion covered some of the major questions associated with ball lightning in a nota bly clear-sighted, effective style. Later reconsideration of the same questions often provided no significant improvement over Arago's discussion. There followed a dauntless band of varying but always small number who attempted to account for an apparently simple natural occurrence, a ball of fire usually seen in thunderstorms, with the best knowledge that advancing science could provide. All attempts to deal with this phenomenon were in variably frustrated. The characteristics of ball lightning could be readily cataloged, but they firmly resisted both experimental reproduction and theo retical explanation. One may say that to this day there is no explanation accepted by a large number of scientists. Several investigators of great ability and considerable accomplishment in different fields of science, including Faraday, Kelvin, and Arrhenius, took note of the problem.
This is the first proceedings held on scientific research on the ball lightning (fire ball). Eyewitness accounts of bars lightnings were presented and analysed by experts from USA, Germany, USSR, Hungary and Japan. The theoretical model on the ball lightning, and experimental research from various instruments were discussed. Contents:Ball Lightning — The Continuing Challenge (J D Barry & S Singer)Hungarian Ball Lightning Observations in 1987 (G Egely)Nature of Ball Lightning in Japan (Y H Ohtsuki & H Ofuruton)Phenomenological and Psychological Analysis of 150 Austrian Ball Lightning Reports (A G Keul & K Schwarzenbacher)Physical Problems and Physical Properties of Ball Lightning (G Egely)Statistical Analysis of the Ball Lightning Properties (A I Grigorjev et al)A Fluid-Dynamical Model for Ball Lightning and Bead Lightning (K E Nickel)The Lifetime of Hill's Vortex (K E Nickel)Electrical and Radiative Properties in Ball Lightning (B M Smirnov)The Candle Flame as A Model of Ball Lightning (B M Smirnov)A Model for Ball Lightning (H Yamamoto)The High-Temperature Physio-Chemical Processes in the Lightning Storm Atmosphere (G P Gladyshev)New Approach to Ball Lightning (P H Handel)A Calculation of Electric Field of Ball Lightning (T Neda et al)The Physical Explanation to the UFO over Xinjiang, Northern West China (Y Zou)Electric Reconnection, Critical Ionization Velocity, Ponderomotive Force and Their Applications to Triggered and Ball Lightning (H Kikuchi)The PLASMAKTM Configuration and Ball Lightning (P M Koloc)Experimental Research on Ball Lightning (H Ofuruton & Y H Ohtsuki)Performance of High-Voltage Test Facility Designed for Investigation of Ball Lightning (G C Dijkhuis & J Pijpelink) Readership: Applied physicists, geophysicists, chemists and electromagnetic engineers.
Attempted Explanations of Ball Lightning by Edmond M. Dewan Pdf
Ball lightning has until this time defied physical explanation. This report summarizes the requirements that must be satisfied by any valid theory, reviews and evaluates previous theories, and evaluates the new theory of Finkelstein and Rubenstein developed under an AFCRL-monitored grant. It is concluded that the latter theory is the only promising one to date but that even this theory needs to be modified. A modification is proposed which would remove the remaining objections and it is suggested that experiments rather than further theoretical development will constitute the next decisive step.
Ball Lightning and Bead Lightning by James Barry Pdf
The purpose of this monograph is to review the known physical aspects of two unusual forms of atmospheric luminous phenomena, to deduce their characteristics and properties, and to promote efforts to improve their understanding. These two forms, called ball lightning and bead lightning, have visual images that differ from the linear image associated with normallightning. The terms "balliightning" and "bead lightning" are used to denote atmospheric luminous forms which are occasionally observed and have the geometrie shape suggested by their name. Vet, it is possible that neither phenomenon may in fact be a form of lightning in the sense of a continuous electrical discharge. Bead lightning has been described as the residue of a cloud-to cloud or cloud-to-ground lightning stroke and has the appearance of aseries of luminous balls separated by dark regions, thus resembling astring of pearls, and remains visible for about one second. Ball lightning has been described as a single luminous globe appearing ne ar the ground after a lightning stroke and also remaining visible for about one second. Both phenomena remain visible far longer than normal lightning flashes.
Read the award-winning, critically acclaimed, multi-million-copy-selling science-fiction phenomenon – now a major Netflix Original Series from the creators of Game of Thrones. 1967: Ye Wenjie witnesses Red Guards beat her father to death during China's Cultural Revolution. This singular event will shape not only the rest of her life but also the future of mankind. Four decades later, Beijing police ask nanotech engineer Wang Miao to infiltrate a secretive cabal of scientists after a spate of inexplicable suicides. Wang's investigation will lead him to a mysterious online game and immerse him in a virtual world ruled by the intractable and unpredictable interaction of its three suns. This is the Three-Body Problem and it is the key to everything: the key to the scientists' deaths, the key to a conspiracy that spans light-years and the key to the extinction-level threat humanity now faces. Praise for The Three-Body Problem: 'Your next favourite sci-fi novel' Wired 'Immense' Barack Obama 'Unique' George R.R. Martin 'SF in the grand style' Guardian 'Mind-altering and immersive' Daily Mail Winner of the Hugo and Galaxy Awards for Best Novel
Ball lightning is an enigma. These luminous objects that appear occasionally during thunderstorms and can reach several meters in diameter have been a mystery to science for about 200 years. Despite several thousands of reported observations, their nature is still unknown. In this book, well documented cases of ball lightning are described and used to unravel some aspects of this mysterious form of atmospheric electricity. Throughout the book, the author discusses the various facets of the problem in an accessible but rigorous style, delivering a readable and informative text that will captivate the curious reader. He finally reaches the surprising conclusion that the solution to this puzzle may have been hidden in plain sight for many years. A foreword by Earle Williams, leading lightning researcher at MIT, introduces the book.
Protect Planet Earth with Ball Lightning Technology by Clint Seward Pdf
Clint Seward spent more than thirty years searching for an alternative energy source that would eliminate the harmful features of fossil fuels and nuclear power generation before making a startling discovery.His study of ball lightning--a rare electrical phenomenon--led him to a new plasma ring that will enable us to power our homes, buildings, and vehicles with a green and sustainable form of energy. The ring needs no external magnetic fields for containment.While hundreds of major labs continue to study plasma rings that need external magnetic fields, he's focusing on:producing clean energy in the lab;getting funding for important research;protecting the environment by generating power locally;creating worldwide prosperity by providing power for everyone.Take an important step to understanding how you can help with this new discovery, and lend a hand to Protect Planet Earth with Ball Lightning Technology.
The book describes the discovery of a scientific theory for fireball objects seen in the sky including ball lightning and a type of UFO. For centuries these lights have been seen without a satisfactory explanation. Ball lightning is part of that mystery but easily explained by Coleman's vortex fireball theory which hypothesizes the existence of aerial burners in the sky. The theory suggests vortices can combust a fuel within the confines of vortex breakdown of a vortex. This idea was published by the author in scientific sources and has been demonstrated experimentally at a University facility. This could be the definitive solution. Observations are cited from the literature that show that such a previously unrecognised scientific phenomenon does exist. This unified theory clarifies other puzzles such as the Tunguska "meteor" and gives a coherent explanation of ball lightning as a small fiery vortex.
The World of Circulating Light Where Ball Lightnings Live by Vladimir Torchigin Pdf
The book describes a completely new world, the existence of which no one had even suspected before. Therefore, this world could not be studied either theoretically or experimentally. The study of the nature of ball lightning made it possible to discover this world. Pyotr Kapitsa, a Russian scientist, Nobel Prize winner, studying the phenomenon of ball lightning, was forced to admit at the end of his life that this bright nut was too strong for his teeth. At the same time, he suggested that ball lightning is a phenomenon from another world unknown to him. Indeed, he was partly right. He was wrong that ball lightning was related to plasma, but he was right that ball lightning belonged to another world unknown to him. The book describes the features of this world and the properties of its inhabitants. The most known among them is ball lightning. This world we called the world of circulating light. This book is not science fiction. The book is based on over eight dozen articles published since 2003 in leading international physics and optics journals. Although scientists have not been able to unravel the nature of ball lightning for many centuries, it turned out that the explanation is so simple that it is accessible to schoolchildren. Such an explanation can be given without a single formula, recalling only the well-known physical laws from the school curriculum.
It is generally recognized that the Ball Lightning (BL) is a shame of modern theoretical and experimental physics. At present above 2000 publications are known, above 200 various theories are suggested. But nobody can explain even approximately the intriguing and puzzling behavior of BLs. As is market in last book of BL, all theories have one thing in common - none work. The explanation of the BL phenomenon is deadlocked. There is an opinion that the contemporary knowledge about Nature is insufficient to explain the BL. We are trying to show that the knowledge is sufficient but its usage leaves much to be desired. BL problem is an example when a common sense overcomes the conclusion derived from generally accepted physical laws in spite of the fact that the conclusion is confirmed by the phenomenon observed by thousands of eyewitnesses. In 2002 we put forward the hypothesis that neither plasma nor other material particles form BL. In is immutable fact that BL radiates the light. We concluded that BL consists of the light only. But it is known that the light is an electromagnetic wave that propagates in a straight line in a homogeneous optical medium at very great speed. We assumed that the light can propagate along curve closed trajectories that are embedded in a sphere of several centimeters radius. But what is the reason that forces the light to propagate in such a way. Our answer - the reason is the light itself. The light can be self-confined. Seemingly, this is an oxymoron like dry water or hot ice. But the contemporary knowledge allows an existence of the self-confined light. This is an optical space soliton that can be considered as the light that is self-confined in one direction. Once the light can be self-confined in one direction, it can be self-confined in other two directions also. Thus, the contemporary theoretical knowledge does not prevent an existence of the light confined by a limited volume. As a result, BL obeys to laws of optics rather than laws of mechanics. That is why BL behavior differs radically from that of the conventional material objects consisting of molecules, electrons, ions, clusters, nano-particles and so on. We have published about ten papers in International scientific physical journals where we have shown that the behavior of the self-confined light determined by known laws of optics and physics is identical to intriguing and puzzling behavior of natural BL derived from numerous evidence of eyewitnesses. We have explained how BL can penetrate in rooms through window panes, why BL can move upwind, how BL can catch up a flying aircraft and penetrate into its cabin. It is not surprising that BL seems not hot although it radiates the light, the spectrum of which corresponds to the temperature of the body heated up to several thousand degrees Celsius. However, our theory has not gained a generally accepted recognition even though it is mentioned in Wikipedia. We analyze the causes and came to the conclusion that common sense layman in the field of optics protests against the existence of SCL in nature. They consider the self-confined light as an oxymoron, like dry water or hot ice. As far as experts in optics is concerned, that we need to recognize that the contemporary notions about optically induced forces that are foundation of our theory are incomplete and erroneous. In last five years we have published about ten papers in the international scientific physical journals where we presented our notion of optically induced forces. In particular, we have solved the known century-old problem of the theoretical physics about a magnitude of the momentum of light in matter. All these problems are presented in the book in a systematic form.
