Basic Concepts Of Probability And Statistics In The Law

Author : Michael O. Finkelstein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2009-06-04
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780387875019

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Basic Concepts of Probability and Statistics in the Law by Michael O. Finkelstein Pdf

When as a practicing lawyer I published my ?rst article on statistical evidence in 1966, the editors of the Harvard Law Review told me that a mathematical equa- 1 tion had never before appeared in the review. This hardly seems possible - but if they meant a serious mathematical equation, perhaps they were right. Today all that has changed in legal academia. Whole journals are devoted to scienti?c methods in law or empirical studies of legal institutions. Much of this work involves statistics. Columbia Law School, where I teach, has a professor of law and epidemiology and other law schools have similar “law and” professorships. Many offer courses on statistics (I teach one) or, more broadly, on law and social science. The same is true of practice. Where there are data to parse in a litigation, stat- ticians and other experts using statistical tools now frequently testify. And judges must understand them. In 1993, in its landmark Daubert decision, the Supreme Court commanded federal judges to penetrate scienti?c evidence and ?nd it “re- 2 liable” before allowing it in evidence. It is emblematic of the rise of statistics in the law that the evidence at issue in that much-cited case included a series of epidemiological studies. The Supreme Court’s new requirement made the Federal Judicial Center’s Reference Manual on Scienti?c Evidence, which appeared at about the same time, a best seller. It has several important chapters on statistics.

Author : Michael O. Finkelstein,Bruce Levin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 631 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781461233282

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Statistics for Lawyers by Michael O. Finkelstein,Bruce Levin Pdf

Statistics for Lawyers presents the science of statistics in action at the cutting edge of legal problems. A series of more than 90 case studies, drawn principally from actual litigation, have been selected to illustrate important areas of the law in which statistics has played a role and to demonstrate a variety of statistical tools. Some case studies raise legal issues that are being intensely debated and lie at the edge of the law. Of particular note are problems involving toxic torts, employment discrimination, stock market manipulation, paternity, tax legislation, and drug testing. The case studies are presented in the form of legal/statistical puzzles to challenge the reader and focus discussion on the legal implications of statistical findings. The techniques range from simple averaging for the estimation of thefts from parking meters to complex logistic regression models for the demonstration of discrimination in the death penalty. Excerpts of data allow the reader to compute statistical results and an appendix contains the authors' calculations.

Author : Michael O. Finkelstein,Bruce Levin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 657 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2015-12-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781441959850

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Statistics for Lawyers by Michael O. Finkelstein,Bruce Levin Pdf

This classic text, first published in 1990, is designed to introduce law students, law teachers, practitioners, and judges to the basic ideas of mathematical probability and statistics as they have been applied in the law. The third edition includes over twenty new sections, including the addition of timely topics, like New York City police stops, exonerations in death-sentence cases, projecting airline costs, and new material on various statistical techniques such as the randomized response survey technique, rare-events meta-analysis, competing risks, and negative binomial regression. The book consists of sections of exposition followed by real-world cases and case studies in which statistical data have played a role. The reader is asked to apply the theory to the facts, to calculate results (a hand calculator is sufficient), and to explore legal issues raised by quantitative findings. The authors' calculations and comments are given in the back of the book. As with previous editions, the cases and case studies reflect a broad variety of legal subjects, including antidiscrimination, mass torts, taxation, school finance, identification evidence, preventive detention, handwriting disputes, voting, environmental protection, antitrust, sampling for insurance audits, and the death penalty. A chapter on epidemiology was added in the second edition. In 1991, the first edition was selected by the University of Michigan Law Review as one of the important law books of the year.

Author : J. L. Hodges, Jr.,E. L. Lehmann
Publisher : SIAM
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2004-12-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780898715750

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Basic Concepts of Probability and Statistics by J. L. Hodges, Jr.,E. L. Lehmann Pdf

This book provides a mathematically rigorous introduction to the fundamental ideas of modern statistics for readers without a calculus background.

Author : J. L. Hodges Jr.,Erich L. Lehmann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2013-07
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1258766116

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Basic Concepts of Probability and Statistics, Part 1 by J. L. Hodges Jr.,Erich L. Lehmann Pdf

Author : Joseph L. Gastwirth
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UVA:X001607182

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Statistical Reasoning in Law and Public Policy: Statistical concepts and issues of fairness by Joseph L. Gastwirth Pdf

To reach reasoned decisions involving issues of public policy and law, statistical data and studies often need to be assessed for their accuracy and relevance. This two-volume set presents a unique and comprehensive treatment of statistical methods in legal practice. Designed to serve as a text or reference, the book presents basic concepts of probability and statistical inference applied to actual data arising from court cases concerning discrimination, trademark evidence, environmental and occupational exposure to toxic chemicals, and related health and safety topics. Substantial attention is devoted to assessing the strengths and weaknesses of statistical studies, with examples illustrating why some health studies may not have been properly designed at the outset and how actual decisions might have been reversed had more appropriate analysis of data been available to the court. This book will be of interest to lawyers and other practitioners of the law, as well as to students and researchers in the areas of statistics, statistical economics, political science, and law.

Author : Joseph Lawson Hodges,Erich Leo Lehmann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1960
Category : Mathematical statistics
ISBN : OCLC:492919219

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Basic Concepts of Probability and Statistics by Joseph Lawson Hodges,Erich Leo Lehmann Pdf

Author : Horimek Abderrahmane
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2024-03-25
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9789815124910

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Probability and Statistics: Theory and Exercises by Horimek Abderrahmane Pdf

Probability and Statistics: Theory and Exercises is a textbook focused on practical examples of probability theory and statistics, with the goal of giving readers a thorough understanding of mathematical relationships in these subjects. The book is designed for basic courses in probability and statistics, and is aimed primarily at non-specialists and beginner level students. The book is divided into 2 sections, respectively. Probability: Includes a primer on set theory, basic probability theory definitions and calculations, combinatorial analysis, random variables and distribution laws Statistics: Covers basic concepts of descriptive statistics Key features - Simple, clear language for easy comprehension of key concepts - Carefully chosen exercises with solutions for self-learning - Over 40 Illustrations for clear explanations - References for further reading and tutorials.

Author : F.M. Dekking,C. Kraaikamp,H.P. Lopuhaä,L.E. Meester
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2006-03-30
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781846281686

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A Modern Introduction to Probability and Statistics by F.M. Dekking,C. Kraaikamp,H.P. Lopuhaä,L.E. Meester Pdf

Suitable for self study Use real examples and real data sets that will be familiar to the audience Introduction to the bootstrap is included – this is a modern method missing in many other books

Author : Peter Galderisi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2015-03-12
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781136819506

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Understanding Political Science Statistics by Peter Galderisi Pdf

In politics, you begin by asking theoretically interesting questions. Sometimes statistics can help answer those questions. When it comes to applied statistics, students shouldn’t just learn a vast array of formula—they need to learn the basic concepts of statistics as solutions to particular problems. Peter Galderisi demonstrates that statistics are a summary of how to answer the problem: learn the math but only after learning the concepts and methodological considerations that give it context. With this as a starting point, Understanding Political Science Statistics asks students to consider how to address a research problem conceptually before being led to the appropriate formula. Throughout, Galderisi looks at problems through a lens of "observations and expectations," which can be applied to myriad statistical techniques, both descriptive and inferential. This approach links the answers researchers get from their individual data analysis to the research designs and questions from which these analyses are derived. By emphasizing the underlying logic of statistical analysis for greater understanding and drawing on applications and examples from political science (including law), the book illustrates how students can apply statistical concepts and techniques in their own research, in future coursework, and simply as an informed consumer of numbers in public discourse. The following features help students master the material: Legal and Methodological sidebars highlight key concepts and provide applied examples on law, politics, and methodology; End-of-chapter exercises allow students to test their mastery of the basic concepts and techniques along the way; A Sample Solutions Guide provides worked-out answers for odd-numbered exercises, with all answers available in the Instructor’s Manual; Key Terms are helpfully called out in both Marginal Definitions and a Glossary; A Companion Website (www.routledge.com/cw/galderisi) with further resources for both students and instructors; A diverse array of data sets include subsets of the ANES and Eurobarometer surveys; CCES; US Congressional district data; and a cross-national dataset with political, economic, and demographic variables; and Companion guides to SPSS and Stata walk students through the procedures for analysis and provide exercises that go hand-in-hand with online data sets.

Author : Christian Dahlman,Alex Stein,Giovanni Tuzet
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2021-09-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780192603098

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Philosophical Foundations of Evidence Law by Christian Dahlman,Alex Stein,Giovanni Tuzet Pdf

Philosophy has a strong presence in evidence law and the nature of evidence is a highly debated topic in both general and social epistemology; legal theorists working in the evidence law area draw on different underlying philosophical theories of knowledge, inference and probability. Core evidentiary concepts and principles, such as the presumption of innocence, standards of proof, and others, reply on moral and political philosophy for their understanding and interpretation. Written by leading scholars across the globe, this volume brings together philosophical debates on the nature and function of evidence, proof, and law of evidence. It presents a cross-disciplinary overview of central issues in the theory and methodology of legal evidence and covers a wide range of contemporary debates on topics such as truth, proof, economics, gender, and race. The volume covers different theoretical approaches to legal evidence, including the Bayesian approach, scenario theory and inference to the best explanation. Divided in to five parts, Philosophical Foundations of Evidence Law, covers different theoretical approaches to legal evidence, including the Bayesian approach, scenario theory and inference to the best explanation.

Author : Douglas S. Shafer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Mathematical statistics
ISBN : 145338894X

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Introductory Statistics by Douglas S. Shafer Pdf

Author : Larry Wasserman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-11
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780387217369

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All of Statistics by Larry Wasserman Pdf

Taken literally, the title "All of Statistics" is an exaggeration. But in spirit, the title is apt, as the book does cover a much broader range of topics than a typical introductory book on mathematical statistics. This book is for people who want to learn probability and statistics quickly. It is suitable for graduate or advanced undergraduate students in computer science, mathematics, statistics, and related disciplines. The book includes modern topics like non-parametric curve estimation, bootstrapping, and classification, topics that are usually relegated to follow-up courses. The reader is presumed to know calculus and a little linear algebra. No previous knowledge of probability and statistics is required. Statistics, data mining, and machine learning are all concerned with collecting and analysing data.

Author : Michael J. Evans,Jeffrey S. Rosenthal
Publisher : WH Freeman
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2010-03-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 1429224630

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Probability and Statistics by Michael J. Evans,Jeffrey S. Rosenthal Pdf

Unlike traditional introductory math/stat textbooks, Probability and Statistics: The Science of Uncertainty brings a modern flavor to the course, incorporating the computer and offering an integrated approach to inference that includes the frequency approach and the Bayesian inference. From the start the book integrates simulations into its theoretical coverage, and emphasizes the use of computer-powered computation throughout. Math and science majors with just one year of calculus can use this text and experience a refreshing blend of applications and theory that goes beyond merely mastering the technicalities. The new edition includes a number of features designed to make the material more accessible and level-appropriate to the students taking this course today.

Author : Charles Miller Grinstead,James Laurie Snell
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0821807498

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Introduction to Probability by Charles Miller Grinstead,James Laurie Snell Pdf

This text is designed for an introductory probability course at the university level for undergraduates in mathematics, the physical and social sciences, engineering, and computer science. It presents a thorough treatment of probability ideas and techniques necessary for a firm understanding of the subject.