Battle For Beijing 1858 1860

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Battle for Beijing, 1858–1860

Harry Gelber
Battle for Beijing 1858 1860 Book PDF

Author : Harry Gelber
Publisher : Springer
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9783319305844

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Battle for Beijing, 1858–1860 by Harry Gelber Pdf

The ‘battle for Beijing’ is universally – and quite wrongly – believed to have been about opium. This book argues that it was about freedom to trade, Britain’s demands for diplomatic equality, and French demands for religious freedom in China. Both countries agreed that their armies, which repeatedly prevailed over Chinese ones that were numerically superior, would stay out of Beijing itself, but were infuriated by China’s imprisonment, torture and death of British, French and Indian negotiators. At the same time, the British and French also helped the empire to battle rebels and to pocket port and harbour dues. They steered carefully between their political and trading demands, and navigated the danger that undue stress would make China’s fragile government and empire fall apart. If it did, there would be no one to make any kind of agreement with; much of East Asia would be in chaos and Russian power would soon expand. Battle for Beijing, 1858–1860 offers fresh insights into the reasons behind the actions and strategies of British authorities, both at home and in China, and the British and French military commanders. It goes against the widely accepted views surrounding the Franco-British conflict, proposing a bold new argument and perspective.

The Lion and the Dragon

Mark Simner
The Lion and the Dragon Book PDF

Author : Mark Simner
Publisher : Fonthill Media
Page : 513 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019-06-29
Category : History
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Lion and the Dragon by Mark Simner Pdf

During the middle of the 19th-Century, Britain and China would twice go to war over trade, and in particular the trade in opium. The Chinese people had progressively become addicted to the narcotic, a habit that British merchants were more than happy to feed from their opium-poppy fields in India. When the Qing dynasty rulers of China attempted to suppress this trade--due to the serious social and economic problems it caused--the British Government responded with gunboat diplomacy, and conflict soon ensued. The first conflict, known as the First Anglo-Chinese War or Opium War (1839-42), ended in British victory and the Treaty of Nanking. However, this treaty was heavily biased in favour of the British, and it would not be long before there was a renewal of hostilities, taking the form of what became known as the Second Anglo-Chinese War or Arrow War (1857-60). Again, the second conflict would end with an 'unequal treaty' that was heavily biased towards the victor. The Lion and the Dragon: Britain's Opium Wars with China, 1839-1860 examines the causes and ensuing military history of these tragic conflicts, as well as their bitter legacies.

Beyond the Amur

Victor Zatsepine
Beyond the Amur Book PDF

Author : Victor Zatsepine
Publisher : UBC Press
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2017-03-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9780774834124

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Beyond the Amur by Victor Zatsepine Pdf

Beyond the Amur describes the distinctive frontier society that emerged in the Amur, a river region that shifted between Qing China and Imperial Russia as the two empires competed for resources. Official histories depict the Amur as a distant battleground caught between rival empires. Zatsepine, by contrast, views it as a unified natural economy populated by Chinese, Russian, Indigenous, Japanese, Korean, Manchu, and Mongol people who crossed the border in search of work or trade and who came together to survive a harsh physical environment. This colourful account of a region and its people highlights the often-overlooked influence of frontier developments on state politics and imperial policies and histories.

Japan and China

Matsuda Wataru
Japan and China Book PDF

Author : Matsuda Wataru
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136821097

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Japan and China by Matsuda Wataru Pdf

This volume ties together the histories of Japan and China for the modern period prior to the 20th century. The chapters look at Chinese and Japanese works which were written in response to events in the other country. None of these works has received any sustained attention in the west. As a result we get a view of how Chinese and Japanese saw each other at a time when there were few personal contacts allowed. Many of these texts were built on fanciful embellishments of stories that migrated from one land to the other. But the unique qualities of the Sino-Japanese cultural bond seem to have conditioned the interaction so that these texts all reveal a fascinatingly well-defined area.

Queen Victoria's Wars

Stephen M. Miller
Queen Victoria s Wars Book PDF

Author : Stephen M. Miller
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2021-06-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108490122

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Queen Victoria's Wars by Stephen M. Miller Pdf

Offers a revised and updated history of thirteen of the most significant British conflicts during the Victorian period.

Brush & Shutter

Jeffrey W. Cody,Frances Terpak
Brush Shutter Book PDF

Author : Jeffrey W. Cody,Frances Terpak
Publisher : Getty Publications
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Art
ISBN : 9781606060544

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Brush & Shutter by Jeffrey W. Cody,Frances Terpak Pdf

Accompanies an exhibition held at the J. Paul Getty Museum, 8 February-1 May 2011.

The Opium Wars

W Travis Hanes III, Ph.D.,Frank Sanello
The Opium Wars Book PDF

Author : W Travis Hanes III, Ph.D.,Frank Sanello
Publisher : Sourcebooks, Inc.
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2004-02-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781402252051

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The Opium Wars by W Travis Hanes III, Ph.D.,Frank Sanello Pdf

A fascinating look at the other side of the Opium Wars In this tragic and powerful story, the two Opium Wars of 1839–1842 and 1856–1860 between Britain and China are recounted for the first time through the eyes of the Chinese as well as the Imperial West. Opium entered China during the Middle Ages when Arab traders brought it into China for medicinal purposes. As it took hold as a recreational drug, opium wrought havoc on Chinese society. By the early nineteenth century, 90 percent of the Emperor's court and the majority of the army were opium addicts. Britain was also a nation addicted—to tea, grown in China, and paid for with profits made from the opium trade. When China tried to ban the use of the drug and bar its Western smugglers from it gates, England decided to fight to keep open China's ports for its importation. England, the superpower of its time, managed to do so in two wars, resulting in a drug-induced devastation of the Chinese people that would last 150 years. In this page-turning, dramatic and colorful history, The Opium Wars responds to past, biased Western accounts by representing the neglected Chinese version of the story and showing how the wars stand as one of the monumental clashes between the cultures of East and West. "A fine popular account."—Publishers Weekly "Their account of the causes, military campaigns and tragic effects of these wars is absorbing, frequently macabre and deeply unsettling."—Booklist

Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XVII & Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures XIII

S. Hernández,G. Marseglia
Structural Studies Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XVII Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures XIII Book PDF

Author : S. Hernández,G. Marseglia
Publisher : WIT Press
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-26
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781784664299

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Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XVII & Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures XIII by S. Hernández,G. Marseglia Pdf

Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XVII The importance of retaining the built cultural heritage cannot be overstated. Rapid development and inappropriate conservation techniques are threatening many heritage unique sites in different parts of the world. Selected papers presented at the 17th International Conference on Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture are included in this volume. They address a series of topics related to the historical aspects and the reuse of heritage buildings, as well as technical issues on the structural integrity of different types of buildings, such as those constructed with materials as varied as iron and steel, concrete, masonry, wood or earth. Restoration processes require the appropriate characterisation of those materials, the modes of construction and the structural behaviour of the building. This knowledge can be gained through a series of material characterisation techniques, preferably via non-destructive tests. Modern computer simulation can provide accurate results demonstrating the stress state of the building and possible failure mechanisms affecting its stability. Of particular importance are studies related to their dynamic and earthquake behaviour aiming to provide an assessment of the seismic vulnerability of heritage buildings. Contributions originate from scientists, architects, engineers and restoration experts from all over the world and deal with different aspects of heritage buildings, including how to formulate regulatory policies, to ensure effective ways of preserving the architectural heritage. Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures XIII Papers presented at the 13th International Conference on Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures form this volume and cover basic and applied research in the various fields of earthquake engineering relevant to the design of structures. Major earthquakes and associated effects such as tsunamis continue to stress the need to carry out more research on those topics. The problems will intensify as population pressure results in buildings in regions of high seismic vulnerability. A better understanding of these phenomena is required to design earthquake resistant structures and to carry out risk assessments and vulnerability studies. The problem of protecting the built environment in earthquake-prone regions involves not only the optimal design and construction of new facilities but also the upgrading and rehabilitation of existing structures including heritage buildings. The type of highly specialized retrofitting employed to protect the built heritage is an important area of research. The included papers cover such topics as Seismic hazard and tsunamis; Building performance during earthquakes; Structural vulnerability; Seismic isolation and energy dissipation; Passive earthquake protection systems.

A Velvet Empire

David Todd
A Velvet Empire Book PDF

Author : David Todd
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2023-09-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780691205335

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A Velvet Empire by David Todd Pdf

How France's elites used soft power to pursue their imperial ambitions in the nineteenth century After Napoleon's downfall in 1815, France embraced a mostly informal style of empire, one that emphasized economic and cultural influence rather than military conquest. A Velvet Empire is a global history of French imperialism in the nineteenth century, providing new insights into the mechanisms of imperial collaboration that extended France's power from the Middle East to Latin America and ushered in the modern age of globalization. David Todd shows how French elites pursued a cunning strategy of imperial expansion in which conspicuous commodities such as champagne and silk textiles, together with loans to client states, contributed to a global campaign of seduction. French imperialism was no less brutal than that of the British. But while Britain widened its imperial reach through settler colonialism and the acquisition of far-flung territories, France built a "velvet" empire backed by frequent military interventions and a broadening extraterritorial jurisdiction. Todd demonstrates how France drew vast benefits from these asymmetric, imperial-like relations until a succession of setbacks around the world brought about their unravelling in the 1870s. A Velvet Empire sheds light on France's neglected contribution to the conservative reinvention of modernity and offers a new interpretation of the resurgence of French colonialism on a global scale after 1880. This panoramic book also highlights the crucial role of collaboration among European empires during this period—including archrivals Britain and France—and cooperation with indigenous elites in facilitating imperial expansion and the globalization of capitalism.

Felice Beato

Anne Lacoste,Felice Beato
Felice Beato Book PDF

Author : Anne Lacoste,Felice Beato
Publisher : Getty Publications
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9781606060353

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Felice Beato by Anne Lacoste,Felice Beato Pdf

The fascinating life and work of an artist who captured some of the first photographs of the Far East are presented in this gorgeous volume.

The Rise of Empires

Sangaralingam Ramesh
The Rise of Empires Book PDF

Author : Sangaralingam Ramesh
Publisher : Springer
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2018-11-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030016081

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The Rise of Empires by Sangaralingam Ramesh Pdf

This book describes and evaluates how institutional innovation and technological innovation have impacted on humanity from pre-historical times to modern times, and how societies have been transformed in history. The author interrogates the relationship between innovation and civilisation -– particularly the dynamic whereby innovation leads to empire-building -– and explores innovation efforts that stimulated economic and social synergies from the Babylonian Empire in 1900 BC up to the British Empire in the twentieth century. The author uses historical cross-cultural case studies to establish the factors which have given competitive advantages to societies and empires. This book will be of interest to researchers and students in political economy, economic history, economic growth and innovation economics.

The Rise of the Civilizational State

Christopher Coker
The Rise of the Civilizational State Book PDF

Author : Christopher Coker
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781509534647

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The Rise of the Civilizational State by Christopher Coker Pdf

In recent years culture has become the primary currency of politics – from the identity politics that characterized the 2016 American election to the pushback against Western universalism in much of the non-Western world. Much less noticed is the rise of a new political entity, the civilizational state. In this pioneering book, the renowned political philosopher Christopher Coker looks in depth at two countries that now claim this title: Xi Jinping’s China and Vladimir Putin’s Russia. He also discusses the Islamic caliphate, a virtual and aspirational civilizational state that is unlikely to fade despite the recent setbacks suffered by ISIS. The civilizational state, he contends, is an idea whose time has come. For, while civilizations themselves may not clash, civilizational states appear to be set on challenging the rules of the international order that the West takes for granted. China seems anxious to revise them, Russia to break them, while Islamists would like to throw away the rule book altogether. Coker argues that, when seen in the round, these challenges could be enough to give birth to a new post-liberal international order.

Sovereignty in China

Maria Adele Carrai
Sovereignty in China Book PDF

Author : Maria Adele Carrai
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781108474191

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Sovereignty in China by Maria Adele Carrai Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive history of the emergence and the formation of the concept of sovereignty in China from the year 1840 to the present. It contributes to broadening the history of modern China by looking at the way the notion of sovereignty was gradually articulated by key Chinese intellectuals, diplomats and political figures in the unfolding of the history of international law in China, rehabilitates Chinese agency, and shows how China challenged Western Eurocentric assumptions about the progress of international law. It puts the history of international law in a global perspective, interrogating the widely-held belief of international law as universal order and exploring the ways in which its history is closely anchored to a European experience that fails to take into account how the encounter with other non-European realities has influenced its formation.

Judicial Settlement of Disputes

Edward MacWhinney
Judicial Settlement of Disputes Book PDF

Author : Edward MacWhinney
Publisher : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Law
ISBN : 0792312236

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Judicial Settlement of Disputes by Edward MacWhinney Pdf

The Academy is an institution for the study and teaching of public and private international law and related subjects. Its purpose is to encourage a thorough and impartial examination of the problems arising from international relations in the field of law. The courses deal with the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject, including legislation and case law. All courses at the Academy are, in principle, published in the language in which they were delivered in the "Collected Courses of the" "Hague Academy of International Law," This volume contains: - Judicial Settlement of Disputes. Jurisdiction and Justiciability by E. McWHINNEY, Professor at the Simon Fraser University, Burnaby. - International Law in China: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives by WANG TIEYA, Professor at the University of Peking. - Soviet Joint Enterprises with Capitalist Firms and Other Joint Ventures between East and West by L.N. ORLOV, Professor at the Higher Commercial Management School, Moscow.

Liberal Barbarism

E. Ringmar
Liberal Barbarism Book PDF

Author : E. Ringmar
Publisher : Springer
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013-09-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781137031600

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Liberal Barbarism by E. Ringmar Pdf

In Liberal Barbarism, Erik Ringmar sets out to explain the 1860 destruction of Yuanmingyuan - the Chinese imperial palace north-west of Beijing - at the hands of British and French armies. Yuanmingyuan was the emperor's own theme-park, a perfect world, a vision of paradise, which housed one of the greatest collections of works of art ever assembled. The intellectual puzzle which the book addresses concerns why the Europeans, bent on "civilizing" the Chinese, engaged in this act of barbarism. The answer is provided through an analysis of the performative aspect of the confrontation between Europe and China, focusing on the differences in the way their respective international systems were conceptualized. Ringmar reveals that the destruction of Yuanmingyuan represented the Europeans' campaign to "shock and awe" the Chinese, thereby forcing them to give up their way of organizing international relations. The contradictions which the events of 1860 exemplify - the contradiction between civilization and barbarism - is a theme running through all European (and North American) relations with the rest of the world since, including, most recently, the US war in Iraq.