Belmont Revisited

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Belmont Revisited

James F. Childress,Eric M. Meslin,Harold T. Shapiro
Belmont Revisited Book PDF

Author : James F. Childress,Eric M. Meslin,Harold T. Shapiro
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2005-10-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1589012488

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Belmont Revisited by James F. Childress,Eric M. Meslin,Harold T. Shapiro Pdf

Research with human subjects has long been controversial because of the conflicts that often arise between promoting scientific knowledge and protecting the rights and welfare of subjects. Twenty-five years ago the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research addressed these conflicts. The result was the Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidance for Research Involving Human Subjects, a report that identified foundational principles for ethical research with human subjects: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Since the publication of Belmont, these three principles have greatly influenced discussions of research with human subjects. While they are often regarded as the single-most influential set of guidelines for biomedical research and practice in the United States (and other parts of the world), not everyone agrees that they provide adequate guidance. Belmont Revisited brings together a stellar group of scholars in bioethics to revisit the findings of that original report. Their responses constitute a broad overview of the development of the Belmont Report and the extent of its influence, especially on governmental commissions, as well as an assessment of its virtues and shortcomings. Belmont Revisited looks back to reexamine the creation and influence of the Belmont Report, and also looks forward to the future of research—with a strong call to rethink how institutions and investigators can conduct research more ethically.

Communities of Health Care Justice

Charlene Galarneau
Communities of Health Care Justice Book PDF

Author : Charlene Galarneau
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2016-11-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780813577692

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Communities of Health Care Justice by Charlene Galarneau Pdf

The factions debating health care reform in the United States have gravitated toward one of two positions: that just health care is an individual responsibility or that it must be regarded as a national concern. Both arguments overlook a third possibility: that justice in health care is multilayered and requires the participation of multiple and diverse communities. Communities of Health Care Justice makes a powerful ethical argument for treating communities as critical moral actors that play key roles in defining and upholding just health policy. Drawing together the key community dimensions of health care, and demonstrating their neglect in most prominent theories of health care justice, Charlene Galarneau postulates the ethical norms of community justice. In the process, she proposes that while the subnational communities of health care justice are defined by shared place, including those bound by culture, religion, gender, and race that together they define justice. As she constructs her innovative theorization of health care justice, Galarneau also reveals its firm grounding in the work of real-world health policy and community advocates. Communities of Health Care Justice not only strives to imagine a new framework of just health care, but also to show how elements of this framework exist in current health policy, and to outline the systemic, conceptual, and structural changes required to put these justice norms into fuller practice.

21st Century Psychology: A Reference Handbook

Stephen F. Davis,William Buskist
21st Century Psychology A Reference Handbook Book PDF

Author : Stephen F. Davis,William Buskist
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 1073 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781412949682

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21st Century Psychology: A Reference Handbook by Stephen F. Davis,William Buskist Pdf

Highlights the most important topics, issues, questions, and debates in the field of psychology. Provides material of interest for students from all corners of psychological studies, whether their interests be in the biological, cognitive, developmental, social, or clinical arenas.

Observing Bioethics

Renee C. Fox,Judith P. Swazey
Observing Bioethics Book PDF

Author : Renee C. Fox,Judith P. Swazey
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2008-07-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0199710988

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Observing Bioethics by Renee C. Fox,Judith P. Swazey Pdf

Observing Bioethics examines the history of bioethics as a discipline related not only to modern biology, medicine, and biotechnology, but also to the core values and beliefs of American society and its courts, legislatures, and media. The book is written from the perspective of two social scientists--a sociologist of medicine(Renee C. Fox) and a historian of medicine (Judith P. Swazey)--who have participated in bioethics since the emergence of this multidisciplinary field more than 30 years ago. Fox and Swazey draw on first-hand observations and experiences in a variety of American bioethical settings; face-to-face interviews with first- and second-generation figures in the genesis and early unfolding of bioethics; a detailed examination of the theatrical media coverage of what was considered to be a banner event in the annals of bioethics (the creation and birth of the cloned sheep, Dolly); case studies of how bioethics has internationally developed; and a large corpus of primary documents and secondary source materials. While recognizing the intellectual, moral, and sociological importance of American bioethics, Fox and Swazey are critical of its characteristics. Foremost among these are what they identify as the problems of thinking socially, culturally, and internationally in American bioethics; the 'tenuous interdisciplinarity' of the field; and the troubling extent to which the 'culture wars' have penetrated bioethics. This book will appeal to a wide range of doctors, scientists, and academics who are involved in the history and sociology of bioethics.

Disability and American Philosophies

Nate Whelan-Jackson,Daniel J. Brunson
Disability and American Philosophies Book PDF

Author : Nate Whelan-Jackson,Daniel J. Brunson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2022-02-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000543117

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Disability and American Philosophies by Nate Whelan-Jackson,Daniel J. Brunson Pdf

Given basic commitments to philosophize from lived experience and a shared underlying meliorist impulse, American philosophical traditions seem well-suited to develop nascent philosophical engagement with disability studies. To date, however, there have been few efforts to facilitate research at the intersections of American philosophy and disability studies. This volume of essays seeks to offer some directions for propelling this inquiry. Scholars working in pragmatist and other American traditions consider intersections between American philosophy and work in disability studies. Consisting of three broader sections, one set of essays considers how American philosophies from contemporary Mexican philosophy to classical American pragmatism inform descriptions of disability and efforts at liberation. The next offer accounts of how American philosophies disclose alternative conceptions of epistemic and ethical issues surrounding disability. Finally, a section considers "living issues" of disability, including essays on parenting, immigration policy, and art education. Throughout, these works provide direction and orientation for further investigation at the intersection of American philosophies and disability studies.

Human Dignity and Bioethics

President's Council on Bioethics (U.S.)
Human Dignity and Bioethics Book PDF

Author : President's Council on Bioethics (U.S.)
Publisher : U.S. Independent Agencies and Commissions
Page : 588 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105123682846

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Human Dignity and Bioethics by President's Council on Bioethics (U.S.) Pdf

Contains a collection of essays exploring human dignity and bioethics, a concept crucial to today's discourse in law and ethics in general and in bioethics in particular.

Playing God?

John H. Evans
Playing God Book PDF

Author : John H. Evans
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Science
ISBN : 0226222616

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Playing God? by John H. Evans Pdf

AcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. Framework for Understanding the Thinning of a Public Debate2. Setting the Stage: The Eugenicists and the Challenge from Theologians3. Gene Therapy, Advisory Commissions, and the Birth of the Bioethics Profession4. The President's Commission: The "Neutral" Triumph of Formal Rationality5. Regaining Lost Jurisdictional Ground and the Triumph of the Bioethics Profession6. "Reproduction" as the New Jurisdictional Metaphor: Autonomy and the Internal Threat to the Bioethics/Science Jurisdiction7. Conclusion: The Future of Public Bioethics and the HGE DebateAppendix: Methods and TablesNotesWorks CitedIndex Copyright © Libri GmbH. All rights reserved.

Microhistories of Communication Studies

Pat J. Gehrke
Microhistories of Communication Studies Book PDF

Author : Pat J. Gehrke
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2018-04-19
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781317247197

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Microhistories of Communication Studies by Pat J. Gehrke Pdf

The story of an academic discipline is usually conveyed in grand movements and long spans, but it can also be told through the lives of individual scholars, through the development of specialties, through the creation and change of departments, and through the formation and transformation of organizations. Using twelve histories of micro-dimensions of communication studies, this volume shows how sometimes small decisions, single scholars, individual departments, and marginalized voices can have dramatic roles in the history and future of an academic discipline. As a compilation of micro-histories with macro-lessons this volume stands alone in communication studies. Read as a companion to A Century of Communication Studies, the National Communication Association’s centennial volume, it offers rich detail, missing links, and local narratives that fully flesh out the discipline. In either case, no education in communication studies is complete without an understanding of the themes, challenges, and triumphs embodied by the twelve micro-histories offered in this book. This book was originally published as two special issues of Review of Communication.

Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Decides?

Sheldon Ekland-Olson
Who Lives Who Dies Who Decides Book PDF

Author : Sheldon Ekland-Olson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 463 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2014-12-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317612209

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Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Decides? by Sheldon Ekland-Olson Pdf

This second edition of Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Decides? has been updated to consider the rising stakes for issues of life and death. Abortion, assisted dying, and capital punishment are among the most contentious issues in many societies and demand debate. Whose rights are protected? How do these rights and protections change over time and who makes those decisions? Based on the author’s award-winning and hugely popular undergraduate course at the University of Texas and highly recommended by Choice Magazine, this book explores the fundamentally sociological processes which underlie the quest for morality and justice in human societies. The Author’s goal is not to advocate any particular moral "high ground" but to shed light on the social movements and social processes which are at the root of these seemingly personal moral questions and to develop readers to develop their own opinions.

Standing on Principles

Tom L. Beauchamp
Standing on Principles Book PDF

Author : Tom L. Beauchamp
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2010-04-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199737185

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Standing on Principles by Tom L. Beauchamp Pdf

Contains articles published previously in various sources.

Ethical Imperialism

Zachary M. Schrag
Ethical Imperialism Book PDF

Author : Zachary M. Schrag
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2010-09-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780801899140

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Ethical Imperialism by Zachary M. Schrag Pdf

A powerful indictment of the IRB regime. University researchers in the United States seeking to observe, survey, or interview people are required first to complete ethical training courses and to submit their proposals to an institutional review board (IRB). Under current rules, IRBs have the power to deny funding, degrees, or promotion if their recommended modifications to scholars’ proposals are not followed. This volume explains how this system of regulation arose and discusses its chilling effects on research in the social sciences and humanities. Zachary M. Schrag draws on original research and interviews with the key shapers of the institutional review board regime to raise important points about the effect of the IRB process on scholarship. He explores the origins and the application of these regulations and analyzes how the rules—initially crafted to protect the health and privacy of the human subjects of medical experiments—can limit even casual scholarly interactions such as a humanist interviewing a poet about his or her writing. In assessing the issue, Schrag argues that biomedical researchers and bioethicists repeatedly excluded social scientists from rule making and ignored the existing ethical traditions in nonmedical fields. Ultimately, he contends, IRBs not only threaten to polarize medical and social scientists, they also create an atmosphere wherein certain types of academics can impede and even silence others. The first work to document the troubled emergence of today's system of regulating scholarly research, Ethical Imperialism illuminates the problems caused by simple, universal rule making in academic and professional research. This short, smart analysis will engage scholars across academia.

Public Bioethics

James F. Childress
Public Bioethics Book PDF

Author : James F. Childress
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780199798483

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Public Bioethics by James F. Childress Pdf

""Public Bioethics collects the most influential essays and articles of James F. Childress, a leading figure in the field of contemporary bioethics. These essays, including new, previously unpublished material, cohere around the idea of "public bioethics," which involves analyzing and assessing public policies in biomedicine, health care, and public health, often through public deliberative bodies. The volume is divided into four sections. The first concentrates on the principle of respect for autonomy and paternalistic policies and practices. The second explores the tension among bioethics, public policy, and religious convictions. It pays particular attention to the role of religious convictions in the formation of public policies and to the basis and limits of exemptions of health care providers who conscientiously oppose providing certain legal and patient-sought services. The third section looks at practices and policies related to organ transplantation. Childress focuses particularly on determining death, obtaining first-person consent for deceased organ donation, and allocating donated organs effectively and fairly. The book's fourth and final section maps the broad terrain of public health ethics, proposes a triage framework for the use of resources in public health crises, addresses public health interventions that potentially infringe civil liberties, and sheds light on John Stuart Mill's misunderstood legacy for public health ethics."--Provided by publisher.

Life and Death Decisions

Sheldon Ekland-Olson
Life and Death Decisions Book PDF

Author : Sheldon Ekland-Olson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317611998

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Life and Death Decisions by Sheldon Ekland-Olson Pdf

Issues of Life and Death such as abortion, assisted suicide, capital punishment and others are among the most contentious in many societies. Whose rights are protected? How do these rights and protections change over time and who makes those decisions? Based on the author’s award-winning and hugely popular undergraduate course at the University of Texas, this book explores these questions and the fundamentally sociological processes which underlie the quest for morality and justice in human societies. The Author’s goal is not to advocate any particular moral "high ground" but to shed light on the social movements and social processes which are at the root of these seemingly personal moral questions. Under 200 printed pages, this slim paperback is priced and sized to be easily assigned in a variety of undergraduate courses that touch on the social bases underlying these contested and contentious issues.

Informed Consent, Proxy Consent, and Catholic Bioethics

Grzegorz Mazur, O.P.
Informed Consent Proxy Consent and Catholic Bioethics Book PDF

Author : Grzegorz Mazur, O.P.
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2011-09-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 940072196X

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Informed Consent, Proxy Consent, and Catholic Bioethics by Grzegorz Mazur, O.P. Pdf

This work offers a comprehensive understanding rooted in Catholic anthropology and moral theory of the meaning and limits of informed and proxy consent to experimentation on human subjects. In particular, it seeks to articulate the rationale for proxy consent in both therapeutic and nontherapeutic settings. As to the former, the book proposes that the Golden Rule, recognizing the basic inclinations of human nature toward objective goods perfective of human persons, should underpin the notion of proxy consent to experimentation on humans. As to the latter, an additional scrutiny of the amount of risk involved is necessary, since the risk-benefit ratio frequently invoked to justify higher-risk therapeutic research does not exist in its nontherapeutic counterpart. This study discusses a number of possible solutions to this question and develops a position that builds upon the objective notion of the human good.

Beyond Consent

Jeffrey P. Kahn,Anna C. Mastroianni,Jeremy Sugarman
Beyond Consent Book PDF

Author : Jeffrey P. Kahn,Anna C. Mastroianni,Jeremy Sugarman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199990689

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Beyond Consent by Jeffrey P. Kahn,Anna C. Mastroianni,Jeremy Sugarman Pdf

"Since the publication of the first edition of Beyond Consent, issues of justice remain critical in discussions, debates, and policy making in biomedical research in involving human subjects. The second edition adds new content in two different ways, first by asking authors to examine the issues identified in the first edition by asking what has changed and what new issues arise in the contemporary environment, and second by adding chapters to take on issues that are salient today and looking forward. The result is a new treatment of the issues of justice in research through fresh perspectives and by examining the latest issues. The editors have assembled a group of leading scholars and researchers as contributors, and author the final chapter themselves. This collection is a vital resource for students and scholars of bioethics, medicine, and public health policy; as well as for members of institutional review boards (IRBs), research administrators, and policy makers."--