Bias Crimes

Author : Frederick M. Lawrence
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2009-07-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780674040014

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Punishing Hate by Frederick M. Lawrence Pdf

Bias crimes are a scourge on our society. Is there a more terrifying image in the mind's eye than that of the burning cross? Punishing Hate examines the nature of bias-motivated violence and provides a foundation for understanding bias crimes and their treatment under the U.S. legal system. In this tightly argued book, Frederick Lawrence poses the question: Should bias crimes be punished more harshly than similar crimes that are not motivated by bias? He answers strongly in the affirmative, as do a great many scholars and citizens, but he is the first to provide a solid theoretical grounding for this intuitive agreement, and a detailed model for a bias crimes statute based on the theory. The book also acts as a strong corrective to recent claims that concern about hate crimes is overblown. A former prosecutor, Lawrence argues that the enhanced punishment of bias crimes, with a substantial federal law enforcement role, is not only permitted by doctrines of criminal and constitutional law but also mandated by our societal commitment to equality. Drawing upon a wide variety of sources, from law and criminology, to sociology and social psychology, to today's news, Punishing Hate will have a lasting impact on the contentious debate over treatment of bias crimes in America.

Author : James B. Jacobs,Kimberly Potter
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2000-12-28
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780190286316

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Hate Crimes by James B. Jacobs,Kimberly Potter Pdf

In the early 1980s, a new category of crime appeared in the criminal law lexicon. In response to concerted advocacy-group lobbying, Congress and many state legislatures passed a wave of "hate crime" laws requiring the collection of statistics on, and enhancing the punishment for, crimes motivated by certain prejudices. This book places the evolution of the hate crime concept in socio-legal perspective. James B. Jacobs and Kimberly Potter adopt a skeptical if not critical stance, maintaining that legal definitions of hate crime are riddled with ambiguity and subjectivity. No matter how hate crime is defined, and despite an apparent media consensus to the contrary, the authors find no evidence to support the claim that the United States is experiencing a hate crime epidemic--instead, they cast doubt on whether the number of hate crimes is even increasing. The authors further assert that, while the federal effort to establish a reliable hate crime accounting system has failed, data collected for this purpose have led to widespread misinterpretation of the state of intergroup relations in this country. The book contends that hate crime as a socio-legal category represents the elaboration of an identity politics now manifesting itself in many areas of the law. But the attempt to apply the anti-discrimination paradigm to criminal law generates problems and anomalies. For one thing, members of minority groups are frequently hate crime perpetrators. Moreover, the underlying conduct prohibited by hate crime law is already subject to criminal punishment. Jacobs and Potter question whether hate crimes are worse or more serious than similar crimes attributable to other anti-social motivations. They also argue that the effort to single out hate crime for greater punishment is, in effect, an effort to punish some offenders more seriously simply because of their beliefs, opinions, or values, thus implicating the First Amendment. Advancing a provocative argument in clear and persuasive terms, Jacobs and Potter show how the recriminalization of hate crime has little (if any) value with respect to law enforcement or criminal justice. Indeed, enforcement of such laws may exacerbate intergroup tensions rather than eradicate prejudice.

Author : James B. Jacobs,Kimberly Potter
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2000-12-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780198032229

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Hate Crimes by James B. Jacobs,Kimberly Potter Pdf

In the early 1980s, a new category of crime appeared in the criminal law lexicon. In response to concerted advocacy-group lobbying, Congress and many state legislatures passed a wave of "hate crime" laws requiring the collection of statistics on, and enhancing the punishment for, crimes motivated by certain prejudices. This book places the evolution of the hate crime concept in socio-legal perspective. James B. Jacobs and Kimberly Potter adopt a skeptical if not critical stance, maintaining that legal definitions of hate crime are riddled with ambiguity and subjectivity. No matter how hate crime is defined, and despite an apparent media consensus to the contrary, the authors find no evidence to support the claim that the United States is experiencing a hate crime epidemic--instead, they cast doubt on whether the number of hate crimes is even increasing. The authors further assert that, while the federal effort to establish a reliable hate crime accounting system has failed, data collected for this purpose have led to widespread misinterpretation of the state of intergroup relations in this country. The book contends that hate crime as a socio-legal category represents the elaboration of an identity politics now manifesting itself in many areas of the law. But the attempt to apply the anti-discrimination paradigm to criminal law generates problems and anomalies. For one thing, members of minority groups are frequently hate crime perpetrators. Moreover, the underlying conduct prohibited by hate crime law is already subject to criminal punishment. Jacobs and Potter question whether hate crimes are worse or more serious than similar crimes attributable to other anti-social motivations. They also argue that the effort to single out hate crime for greater punishment is, in effect, an effort to punish some offenders more seriously simply because of their beliefs, opinions, or values, thus implicating the First Amendment. Advancing a provocative argument in clear and persuasive terms, Jacobs and Potter show how the recriminalization of hate crime has little (if any) value with respect to law enforcement or criminal justice. Indeed, enforcement of such laws may exacerbate intergroup tensions rather than eradicate prejudice.

Author : Barbara Perry
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 542 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012-11-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136072987

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Hate and Bias Crime by Barbara Perry Pdf

Covering everything from hate groups and extremist exploits to Black church arsons and the fall out violence from 9/11; this is an important collection that sheds much-needed light on this growing problem.

Author : Frank S. Pezzella,Matthew D. Fetzer
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 133 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783030515775

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The Measurement of Hate Crimes in America by Frank S. Pezzella,Matthew D. Fetzer Pdf

Using data from the Uniform Crime Reporting Hate Crime Statistics Program and the National Crime Victimization Survey, this brief highlights the uniqueness of hate or bias crime victimization. It compares these to non-bias crimes and delineates the situational circumstances that distinguish bias from non-bias offending. The nuances of under-reporting shed light on bias-group and victim reasons for not reporting. By examining measurement issues associated with data collection systems, this brief helps explain why eighty-nine percent of participating law enforcement agencies report zero hate crimes each year. It describes patterns and trends in reporting the volume of general bias motivations and specific bias types, as the most prevalent hate crime offense types and most likely victims and offenders. With recommendations to address issues in measurement and under-reporting, including an action plan by the Enhance the Response to Hate Crimes Advisory Committee and the International Association of Chiefs of Police, a best practice model by the Oak Creek Police Department, and other promising law enforcement reporting models, this brief provides an increasingly critical resource for law enforcement practitioners and researchers dealing with hate crimes.

Author : Barbara Perry
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 541 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012-11-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136072901

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Hate and Bias Crime by Barbara Perry Pdf

Covering everything from hate groups and extremist exploits to Black church arsons and the fall out violence from 9/11; this is an important collection that sheds much-needed light on this growing problem.

Author : Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2017-03-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781506377179

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Hate Crimes by Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld Pdf

The Fourth Edition of Hate Crimes: Causes, Controls, and Controversies by Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld takes a multidisciplinary approach that allows students to explore a broad scope of hate crimes. Drawing on recent developments, topics, and current research, this book examines the issues that foster hate crimes while demonstrating how these criminal acts impact individuals, as well as communities. Students are introduced to the issue through first-person vignettes—offering a more personalized account of both victims and perpetrators of hate crimes. Packed with the latest court cases, research, and statistics from a variety of scholarly sources, the Fourth Edition is one of the most comprehensive and accessible textbooks in the field.

Author : Robin Maria Valeri,Kevin Borgeson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : Hate crimes
ISBN : 1531025528

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Hate Crimes by Robin Maria Valeri,Kevin Borgeson Pdf

Hate Crimes: Typology, Motivations, and Victims offers a fresh perspective on the study of hate crimes. With separate chapters on LGBT, race, religion, and gender motivated hate crimes, the book focuses on the various targets of these crimes and examines the theories and motivations that drive perpetrators to commit these acts of hate. To address the increase in hate crimes occurring on campuses and in cyberspace, the book also includes chapters on campus hate crimes and virtual hate. Editors Robin Valeri and Kevin Borgeson and their contributors draw on theories from criminology, psychology, and sociology to explore the ideologies of hatemongers and extremist groups. No competing text offers such in-depth and nuanced coverage of hate and the contributing factors to one of the fastest growing social problems in America. The newly updated second edition opens each chapter with a relevant case study and includes a new chapter on hate crimes targeting people with disabilities. To keep up with the ever-changing digital landscape, the chapter on virtual hate has also added a discussion on the role of gaming, gaming adjacent platforms, and gamification in spreading hate. A core text for courses on hate crimes as well as an excellent supplement for any social problems class, Hate Crimes: Typology, Motivations, and Victims provides important insights into the growth and evolution of the field of hate crimes and hate studies. The chapter themes make this a highly readable text for criminal justice, psychology, or sociology professors and students as well as practitioners in the field.

Author : Jeannine Bell
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2002-07
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780814798973

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Policing Hatred by Jeannine Bell Pdf

Explores the interaction of race and law enforcement in the controversial area of hate crime. Bell includes in her work the experiences of detectives who are women, Black, Latino, and Asian American, exploring the impact of the racial identity of both the hate crime victim and the officers' handling of bias crimes.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Crime prevention
ISBN : PURD:32754071749141

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Hate Crimes Violence by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Social Science
ISBN : PSU:000063517866

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Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007 by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security Pdf

Author : Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld,Diana R. Grant
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780761929437

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Crimes of Hate by Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld,Diana R. Grant Pdf

This is a collection of readings that approach hate crimes from a variety of perspectives. Part 1 provides an introduction and a comparison of both historic and modern-era hate crimes. Part 2 discuss legal developments, and some of the complexities associated with legislation and judicial interpretation. Part 3 focuses on the complex public policy issues raised in creating laws to define hate crimes, and shows how public policy development reflects both political and practical considerations. Readings in the next section examine the perpetrators, showing that these crimes relate to diverse theoretical perspectives and a wide range of methods. Part 5 examines and discusses organized hate groups and the central role they play in extremism. This is followed by a section of historical and contemporary examples of the ways in which members of targeted groups have been victimized, as well as the social processes by which people come to be characterized as "others" outside the mainstream of society. Part 7 examines different strategies for fighting hate through changing attitudes which serve as precursors to hate crimes, and for responding to the emotional needs of victims when dealing with the aftermath of hate crimes. The last section presents international perspectives.

Author : Thomas Streissguth
Publisher : Infobase Publishing
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781438119045

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Hate Crimes by Thomas Streissguth Pdf

Examines the issues associated with hate crimes committed in the United States including statistics, important legislation, and bibliographical resources.

Author : Barbara Perry
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 1262 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2009-03-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780275995706

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Hate Crimes by Barbara Perry Pdf

This book offers a comprehensive approach to understanding hate crime, its causes, consequences, prevention, and prosecution. Hate crimes continue to be a pervasive problem in the United States. The murder of Matthew Shepard, the lynching of James Byrd, the murderous rampage of Benjamin Smith, and anti-Muslim violence remind us that incidence of deadly bigotry is not only a recurring chapter in U.S. history, but also a part of our present-day world. Contrary to common belief, hate mongers who commit crimes are rarely members of the Ku Klux Klan or a skinhead group. In fact, fewer than 5 percent of identifiable offenders are members of organized hate groups. Yet rather than being an individual crime, hate crime represents an assault against all members of stigmatized and marginalized communities. To fully understand the phenomenon of hate crime and reduce its incidence, it is necessary to clearly define the term itself, to examine the victims and the offenders, and to evaluate the consequences and harms of hate crimes. This comprehensive five-volume set carefully addresses the disturbing variety and incidence of hate crimes, exposing their impacts on the broader realms of crime, punishment, individual communities, and society. The contributing authors and editors pay critical attention to cutting-edge topics such as online hate crimes, hate-based music, anti-Latino hostilities, Islamaphobia, hate crimes in the War on Terror, school-based anti-hate initiatives, and more. The final volume of Hate Crimes provides valuable food for thought on possible legislative, educational, social policy, or community organizational responses to the varied forms of hate crime.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Social Science
ISBN : PURD:32754069244402

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Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 1997 by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary Pdf