The Measurement Of Hate Crimes In America

Author : Frank S. Pezzella,Matthew D. Fetzer
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 133 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783030515775

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The Measurement of Hate Crimes in America by Frank S. Pezzella,Matthew D. Fetzer Pdf

Using data from the Uniform Crime Reporting Hate Crime Statistics Program and the National Crime Victimization Survey, this brief highlights the uniqueness of hate or bias crime victimization. It compares these to non-bias crimes and delineates the situational circumstances that distinguish bias from non-bias offending. The nuances of under-reporting shed light on bias-group and victim reasons for not reporting. By examining measurement issues associated with data collection systems, this brief helps explain why eighty-nine percent of participating law enforcement agencies report zero hate crimes each year. It describes patterns and trends in reporting the volume of general bias motivations and specific bias types, as the most prevalent hate crime offense types and most likely victims and offenders. With recommendations to address issues in measurement and under-reporting, including an action plan by the Enhance the Response to Hate Crimes Advisory Committee and the International Association of Chiefs of Police, a best practice model by the Oak Creek Police Department, and other promising law enforcement reporting models, this brief provides an increasingly critical resource for law enforcement practitioners and researchers dealing with hate crimes.

Author : Robert J. Kelly,Jess Maghan
Publisher : SIU Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Law
ISBN : 0809322102

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Hate Crime by Robert J. Kelly,Jess Maghan Pdf

These previously unpublished essays explore the international phenomenon of hate crimes, examining the socio-psychological dynamics of these crimes and the settings in which they occur, the relationships between offenders and their victims, the emotional states of the participants, and the legal and law enforcement responses to these crimes. The essays address religious, racial, ethnic, and sexual crimes in the United States, Latin America, Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. The essayists provide historical reviews of the problems and the ways local authorities understand and cope with the dilemmas as well as prognoses about the persistence of hate crime and the measures that can be taken to control and contain it. "Introduction", Robert J. Kelly and Jess Maghan "Black Rage, Murder, Racism, and Madness: The Metamorphosis of Colin Ferguson", Robert J. Kelly "The Neo-Nazis and Skinheads of Germany: Purveyors of Hate", Robert Harnishmacher and Robert J. Kelly "The Ku Klux Klan: Recurring Hate in America", Robert J. Kelly "The Homeless Palestinians in Israel and the Arab World", Ghada Talhami "Hate Crimes in India: A Historical Perspective", Asad ur Rahman "Social Cleansing in Colombia: The War on Street Children", Suzanne Wilson and Julia Greider-Durango "The Emergence and Implications of American Hate Crime Jurisprudence", James B. Jacobs "Spectacular Punishment and the Orchestration of Hate: The Pillory and Popular Morality in Eighteenth-Century England", Antony E. Simpson "Epilogue", Robert J. Kelly and Jess Maghan "An Annotated Bibliography of Hate Crime Literature", Jess Maghan

Author : Danielle Smith-Llera
Publisher : Compass Point Books
Page : 65 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9780756564094

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Hate Crime in America by Danielle Smith-Llera Pdf

Hate crime in the United States is on the rise. The FBI has reported that hate crimes rose by 17 percent in 2017, increasing for the third straight year, and the trend continued into 2018 and 2019. The crimes are most commonly motivated by hatred related to race, ethnicity, or country of origin. Many crimes are also motivated by bias against sexual orientation or gender identity. Students will learn why hate crime is on the rise and how they can help combat it.

Author : Melissa Abramovitz
Publisher : ABDO
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2016-12-15
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781680797497

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Hate Crimes in America by Melissa Abramovitz Pdf

Hate Crimes in America covers the history of crimes motivated by prejudice, examples of such incidents in the headlines today, and the ways in which communities are responding to these vicious acts. Aligned to Common Core Standards and correlated to state standards. Essential Library is an imprint of Abdo Publishing, a division of ABDO.

Author : Carolyn Turpin-Petrosino
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2015-03-27
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134014255

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Understanding Hate Crimes by Carolyn Turpin-Petrosino Pdf

Hate crimes and lesser acts of bigotry and intolerance are seen to be constants in today’s world. Since 1990, the federal government has published annual reports on hate crime incidents in the United States. While the reported numbers are disturbing, even more devastating is the impact of these crimes on individuals, communities, and society. This comprehensive textbook can serve as a stand-alone source for instructors and students who study hate crimes and/or other related acts. It invites the reader to consider relevant social mores and practices as well as criminal justice policies as they relate to hate crimes by presenting this subject within a broad context.

Author : Beth M. Huebner,Timothy S. Bynum
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2016-06-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781118868782

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The Handbook of Measurement Issues in Criminology and Criminal Justice by Beth M. Huebner,Timothy S. Bynum Pdf

This volume of the series was designed to provide a comprehensive primer on the existing best practices and emerging developments in the study and design research on crime and criminology. The work as a whole includes chapters on the measurement of criminal typologies, the offenders, offending and victimization, criminal justice organizations, and specialized measurement techniques. Each chapter is written by experts in the field and they provide an excellent survey of the literature in the relevant area. More importantly, each chapter provides a description of the various methodological and substantive challenges presented in conducting research on these issues and denotes possible solutions to these dilemmas. An emphasis was placed on research that has been conducted outside of the United States and was designed to give the reader a broader more global understanding of the social context of research. The goal of this volume is to provide a definitive reference for professionals in the field, researchers, and students. This volume in the Handbooks in Criminology and Criminal Justice series identifies the principal topical areas of research in this field and summarizes the various methodological and substantive challenges presented in conducting research on these issues. In each chapter, authors provide a summary of the prominent data collection efforts in the topical area, provide an overview of the current methodological work, discuss the challenges in the measurement of central concepts in the subject area, and identify new horizons emerging in data collection and measurement. We encouraged authors to discuss work conducted in an international context and to incorporate discussion of qualitative methodologies when appropriate.

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on the Constitution
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Social Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105045472235

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The Hate Crimes Statistics Act by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on the Constitution Pdf

Author : Valerie Jenness,Ryken Grattet
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2001-08-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781610443142

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Making Hate A Crime by Valerie Jenness,Ryken Grattet Pdf

Violence motivated by racism, anti-Semitism, misogyny, and homophobia weaves a tragic pattern throughout American history. Fueled by recent high-profile cases, hate crimes have achieved an unprecedented visibility. Only in the past twenty years, however, has this kind of violence—itself as old as humankind—been specifically categorized and labeled as hate crime. Making Hate a Crime is the first book to trace the emergence and development of hate crime as a concept, illustrating how it has become institutionalized as a social fact and analyzing its policy implications. In Making Hate a Crime Valerie Jenness and Ryken Grattet show how the concept of hate crime emerged and evolved over time, as it traversed the arenas of American politics, legislatures, courts, and law enforcement. In the process, violence against people of color, immigrants, Jews, gays and lesbians, women, and persons with disabilities has come to be understood as hate crime, while violence against other vulnerable victims-octogenarians, union members, the elderly, and police officers, for example-has not. The authors reveal the crucial role social movements played in the early formulation of hate crime policy, as well as the way state and federal politicians defined the content of hate crime statutes, how judges determined the constitutional validity of those statutes, and how law enforcement has begun to distinguish between hate crime and other crime. Hate crime took on different meanings as it moved from social movement concept to law enforcement practice. As a result, it not only acquired a deeper jurisprudential foundation but its scope of application has been restricted in some ways and broadened in others. Making Hate a Crime reveals how our current understanding of hate crime is a mix of political and legal interpretations at work in the American policymaking process. Jenness and Grattet provide an insightful examination of the birth of a new category in criminal justice: hate crime. Their findings have implications for emerging social problems such as school violence, television-induced violence, elder-abuse, as well as older ones like drunk driving, stalking, and sexual harassment. Making Hate a Crime presents a fresh perspective on how social problems and the policies devised in response develop over time. A Volume in the American Sociological Association's Rose Series in Sociology

Author : Jack Levin,James J. Nolan
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1442260505

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The Violence of Hate by Jack Levin,James J. Nolan Pdf

This is a core textbook for a violence and society course taught in a variety of departments; it can also be used as a supplemental textbook in a social problems course.

Author : Heather Zaykowski
Publisher : ProQuest
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Hate crimes
ISBN : 0549753591

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Predicting Hate Crime Reporting to Police by Heather Zaykowski Pdf

Significant variation among the legal and scholarly definitions of hate crimes impact how these crimes are measured. Although scholars tend to use the Uniform Crime Reports to understand the scope of hate crime in the United States, these data suffer from limitations due to this lack of conformity as well as the future of local agencies to submit hate crime statistics. Furthermore, a crime has to be reported to police to be counted in the UCR data. Using the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) 1992-2005, this paper examines the factors related to police reporting behavior by violent hate crime through analyzing the demographic (gender, race, education, age, urban location) and the contextual characteristics of the incident (victim-offender relationship, severity: injury to victim, weapon used, multiple offenders). Particular attention was given to racial hate crimes to investigate differences within hate crime victimization categories. Understanding the mechanisms of police reporting behavior is important because the failure of victims to contact authorities undermines the ability of the criminal justice system to appropriately punish hate crime offenders and effectively deter future incidents. Supporting previous studies on victimization reporting, severity of the incident, gender and offenders unknown to the victim significantly and substantially increased reporting likelihood. Most interestingly, race did not dramatically impact reporting behavior for total hate crime, but had a significant and substantial effect on racial hate crime. Victimizations of Whites were more than 50 percent more likely to be reported than Non-White victimizations for racial hate crime.

Author : Ramiro Martinez, Jr.,Meghan E. Hollis,Jacob I. Stowell
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 582 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2018-09-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781119114017

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The Handbook of Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice by Ramiro Martinez, Jr.,Meghan E. Hollis,Jacob I. Stowell Pdf

This Handbook presents current and future studies on the changing dynamics of the role of immigrants and the impact of immigration, across the United States and industrialized and developing nations. It covers the changing dynamics of race, ethnicity, and immigration, and discusses how it all contributes to variations in crime, policing, and the overall justice system. Through acknowledging that some groups, especially people of color, are disproportionately influenced more than others in the case of criminal justice reactions, the “War on Drugs”, and hate crimes; this Handbook introduces the importance of studying race and crime so as to better understand it. It does so by recommending that researchers concentrate on ethnic diversity in a national and international context in order to broaden their demographic and expand their understanding of how to attain global change. Featuring contributions from top experts in the field, The Handbook of Race and Crime is presented in five sections—An Overview of Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice; Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Crime; Race, Gender, and the Justice System; Gender and Crime; and Race, Gender and Comparative Criminology. Each section of the book addresses a key area of research, summarizes findings or shortcomings whenever possible, and provides new results relevant to race/crime and justice. Every contribution is written by a top expert in the field and based on the latest research. With a sharp focus on contemporary race, ethnicity, crime, and justice studies, The Handbook of Race and Crime is the ideal reference for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and scholars interested in the disciplines such as Criminology, Race and Ethnicity, Race and the Justice System, and the Sociology of Race.

Author : Michael McClintock
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0975315021

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Everyday Fears by Michael McClintock Pdf

Hate crimes are on the rise in Europe and North America. Targeting individuals based on their origins, the color of their skin, their religion, their sexual orientation, or other similar attributes, such violent crimes undermine the security of everyone in our society. Everyday Fears, written by Michael McClintock of Human Rights First, is a ground-breaking study of the relationship between both small- and large-scale hate crimes and the everyday fears that they generate. In addition to documenting specific offenses, Everyday Fears highlights the need for governments to protect against hate crimes through legislation and improved monitoring and reporting. To this end, the book includes a first ever comprehensive survey of existing laws on hate crimes in the fifty-five countries of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. By addressing the inequalities of enforcement and deficiencies in effective monitoring, Human Rights First urges governments to take concrete actions to prevent bias crimes and, ultimately, to ease the everyday fears that result when these crimes go unchallenged.

Author : Frank S. Pezzella
Publisher : Springer
Page : 87 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2016-07-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319408422

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Hate Crime Statutes by Frank S. Pezzella Pdf

​​​​​​This Brief provides a clearly outlined and accessible overview of the challenges in creating and enforcing hate crime legislation in the United States. As the author explains, while it is generally not controversial that hate crime behavior should be stopped, the question of how to do so effectively is complex. This volume begins with an introduction about defining hate crimes, and the history of hate crimes and hate crime legislation in the United States. The author shows arguments in favor of hate crime statutes, for example: hate crimes reach beyond their victims to members of the victims’ protected group and cohesion of society at large, and should therefore carry higher penalties.The author also shows arguments against hate crime statutes, for example that they sometimes contain enhanced penalties for certain specially protected groups and not others, and have a high potential for ambiguity and uneven enforcement. From a law enforcement perspective, the author explores the practical challenges in enforcing these statutes, and solutions to address them. Investigative techniques and resources vary significantly across police departments, as does training to identify and distinguish hate crimes from ordinary crimes. There is high potential for law enforcement and prosecutors’ personal biases to effect the classification of crimes as hate crimes. Law enforcement organizations are constantly faced with the dilemma of what and how to enforce legislation. This brief will be relevant for researchers in criminology and criminal justice, policy makers involved in hate crime legislation, social justice, and police-community relations, as well as related fields such as sociology, public policy and demography.​

Author : Jack Levin,Jack Mcdevitt
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2009-03-25
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780786730780

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Hate Crimes Revisited by Jack Levin,Jack Mcdevitt Pdf

Two leading experts on hate crime reassess the threat of violence based on difference--whether in sexual orientation, race, gender, ethnicity, or citizenship-- to help us better understand and ultimately prevent such acts from occurring in the future.

Author : James B. Jacobs,Kimberly Potter
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Hate crimes
ISBN : 9780195114485

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Hate Crimes by James B. Jacobs,Kimberly Potter Pdf

Discusses the evolution of hate crime laws in the United States, examining the effectiveness of such laws, the interpretation of their legal definitions, and the challenges they pose to law enforcement officials.