Biodegradability Of Surfactants

Author : D.R. Karsa,M.R. Porter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401113489

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Biodegradability of Surfactants by D.R. Karsa,M.R. Porter Pdf

The awareness and development of 'biodegradable' surfactants pre-dates current pressures by the environmental movement by nearly three decades, wherein a responsible industry mutually agreed to replace 'hard', non-biodegradable com ponents of household detergents by 'soft', biodegradable alternatives, without course to legislation. The only requirement at that time was for surfactants used in detergents to exhibit a 'primary biodegradability' in excess of 80%; this referring to the disap pearance or removal from solution of the intact surface active material as de tected by specified analytical techniques. This proved useful, as observed environmental impacts of surfactants, e.g. visible foam on rivers, are associated with the intact molecule. Test methods for 'primary biodegradability' were eventually enshrined in EU legislation for nonionic surfactants (Directive 821242/EEC, amended 73/404IEEC) and for anionic surfactants (Directive 8212431EEC, amended 73/405IEEC). No approved test methods and resultant legislation have been developed for cationic and amphoteric surfactants to date. The environmental classification of chemical substances, which of course includes surfactants, and associated risk assessment utilises a second criterion 'ready biodegradability'. This may be assessed by a number of methods which monitor oxygen uptake (BOD), carbon dioxide production or removal of dis solved organic carbon (DOC). Some surfactants which comply with the above Detergents Directive are borderline when it comes to 'ready biodegradability'.

Author : D.R. Karsa,M.R. Porter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1994-12-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780751402063

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Biodegradability of Surfactants by D.R. Karsa,M.R. Porter Pdf

The awareness and development of 'biodegradable' surfactants pre-dates current pressures by the environmental movement by nearly three decades, wherein a responsible industry mutually agreed to replace 'hard', non-biodegradable com ponents of household detergents by 'soft', biodegradable alternatives, without course to legislation. The only requirement at that time was for surfactants used in detergents to exhibit a 'primary biodegradability' in excess of 80%; this referring to the disap pearance or removal from solution of the intact surface active material as de tected by specified analytical techniques. This proved useful, as observed environmental impacts of surfactants, e.g. visible foam on rivers, are associated with the intact molecule. Test methods for 'primary biodegradability' were eventually enshrined in EU legislation for nonionic surfactants (Directive 821242/EEC, amended 73/404IEEC) and for anionic surfactants (Directive 8212431EEC, amended 73/405IEEC). No approved test methods and resultant legislation have been developed for cationic and amphoteric surfactants to date. The environmental classification of chemical substances, which of course includes surfactants, and associated risk assessment utilises a second criterion 'ready biodegradability'. This may be assessed by a number of methods which monitor oxygen uptake (BOD), carbon dioxide production or removal of dis solved organic carbon (DOC). Some surfactants which comply with the above Detergents Directive are borderline when it comes to 'ready biodegradability'.

Author : D. R. Karsa,M. R. Porter
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1994-12-31
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9401113491

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Biodegradability of Surfactants by D. R. Karsa,M. R. Porter Pdf

Author : Robert Donald Swisher
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : MINN:319510000288457

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Surfactant Biodegradation by Robert Donald Swisher Pdf

Author : Standards Association of Australia. Committee CH/11, Biodegradability of Detergents
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Surface active agents
ISBN : 0726209279

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Method for Determining the Biodegradability of Surfactants by Standards Association of Australia. Committee CH/11, Biodegradability of Detergents Pdf

Author : Robert Donald Swisher
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 1120 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1986-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 0824769384

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Surfactant Biodegradation, Second Edition, by Robert Donald Swisher Pdf

Author : Rolando Chamy
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789535111542

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Biodegradation by Rolando Chamy Pdf

This book contains a collection of different biodegradation research activities where biological processes take place. The book has two main sections: A) Polymers and Surfactants Biodegradation and B) Biodegradation: Microbial Behaviour.

Author : Krister Holmberg
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 662 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2003-07-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780203911730

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Novel Surfactants by Krister Holmberg Pdf

Extensively revised and expanded, this timely reference discusses the synthesis, properties, and potential applications of popular and emerging surfactant compounds and systems. This reference reflects current research trends in green surfactants, the production of surfactants using biotechnological methods, and surfactants based on natural buildin

Author : Mikael Kjellin,Ingegärd Johansson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2010-01-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 0470686618

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Surfactants from Renewable Resources by Mikael Kjellin,Ingegärd Johansson Pdf

Most modern surfactants are readily biodegradable and exhibit low toxicity in the aquatic environment, the two criteria for green surfactants. However the majority are synthesised from petroleum, so over the past decade the detergent industry has turned its attention to developing greener routes to create these surfactants via renewable building blocks. Surfactants from Renewable Resources presents the latest research and commercial applications in the emerging field of sustainable surfactant chemistry, with emphasis on production technology, surface chemical properties, biodegradability, ecotoxicity, market trends, economic viability and life-cycle analysis. Reviewing traditional sources for renewable surfactants as well as recent advances, this text focuses on techniques with potential for large scale application. Topics covered include: Renewable hydrophobes from natural fatty acids and forest industry by-products Renewable hydrophiles from carbohydrates, amino acids and lactic acid New ways of making renewable building blocks; ethylene from renewable resources and complex mixtures from waste biomass Biosurfactants Surface active polymers This book is a valuable resource for industrial researchers in companies that produce and use surfactants, as well as academic researchers in surface and polymer chemistry, sustainable chemistry and chemical engineering.

Author : Kerry Wayne Dalzell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Biodegradation
ISBN : OCLC:152472158

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The Chemistry of Surfactants and the Concept of Biodegradability by Kerry Wayne Dalzell Pdf

Author : Douglas G. Hayes,Daniel K. Solaiman,Richard D. Ashby
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 541 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2019-04-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128127063

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Biobased Surfactants by Douglas G. Hayes,Daniel K. Solaiman,Richard D. Ashby Pdf

Biobased Surfactants: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, Second Edition, covers biosurfactant synthesis and applications and demonstrates how to reduce manufacturing and purification costs, impurities, and by-products. Fully updated, this book covers surfactants in biomedical applications, detergents, personal care, food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and nanotechnology. It reflects on the latest developments in biobased surfactant science and provides case scenarios to guide readers in efficient and effective biobased surfactant application, along with strategies for research into new applications. This book is written from a biorefinery-based perspective by an international team of experts and acts as a key text for researchers and practitioners involved in the synthesis, utilization, and development of biobased surfactants. Describes new and emerging biobased surfactants and their synthesis and development Showcases an interdisciplinary approach to the topic, featuring applications to chemistry, biotechnology, biomedicine, and other areas Presents the entire lifecycle of biobased surfactants in detail

Author : Divya Bajpai Tripathy,Anjali Gupta,Arvind Kumar Jain,Anuradha Mishra
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000511864

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Surfactants from Renewable Raw Materials by Divya Bajpai Tripathy,Anjali Gupta,Arvind Kumar Jain,Anuradha Mishra Pdf

Surfactants are often completely invisible to us and yet they are present in almost every chemical that we use in our daily life. They are found in toothpastes, cosmetics, sunscreens, mayonnaise, detergents, and an array of cleaning products. Traditional surfactants are known to have adverse environmental impacts spurring research into eco-friendly and cost-effective surfactants from renewable resources. Surfactants from Renewable Raw Materials examines the class of surfactants synthesized using plant-based raw materials detailing their properties, applications, bioavailability, and biodegradability. The concluding chapter reviews patent activity over the last decade. Additional features include: Addresses the tremendous variation found in the raw materials used to synthesize commercially available surfactants. Explores the selection of raw materials based upon the desired hydrophobic group or hydrophilic group to be incorporated into the product. Examines the characteristics and medicinal applications of pulmonary surfactants in preterm babies as well as their probable contribution in COVID-19 Discusses the biodegradability of surfactants to assist with the determination of truly green surfactants. This comprehensive reference will prove indispensable for professional and academic researchers creating or working with bio-based surfactants.

Author : R.Z. Sayyed,Hesham Ali El-Enshasy
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2022-03-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781000563412

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Microbial Surfactants by R.Z. Sayyed,Hesham Ali El-Enshasy Pdf

Biosurfactants are surface-active biomolecules produced by a wide variety of microorganisms. They can be produced from renewable sources, and possess high surface activity, high specificity, low toxicity, tolerance to pH, temperature and ionic strength, biodegradability, excellent emulsifying and demulsifying ability and antimicrobial activity. Biosurfactants have found applications in several industries including organic chemicals, petrochemicals, mining, metallurgy (mainly bioleaching), agrochemicals, fertilizers, foods, beverages, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and many others. The main aim of this volume is to highlight concepts, classifications, production and applications of microbial surfactants in food and agriculture. The book provides a comprehensive coverage of fermentation, recovery, genomics and metagenomics of biosurfactant production. It is presented in an easy-to-understand manner, and includes protocols, figures, and recent data on the industrial demand market and economics, and the production of biosurfactants from novel substrates are particularly worthwhile additions. The volume will be useful for students, researchers, teachers, and entrepreneurs in the area of microbial biosurfactants and their applications in food and agriculture.

Author : Richard J. Farn
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781405171793

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Chemistry and Technology of Surfactants by Richard J. Farn Pdf

Surfactants are used throughout industry as components in a hugerange of formulated products or as effect chemicals in theproduction or processing of other materials. A detailedunderstanding of the basis of their activity is required by allthose who use surfactants, yet the new graduate or postgraduatechemist or chemical engineer will generally have little or noexperience of how and why surfactants work. Chemistry & Technology of Surfactants is aimed at newgraduate or postgraduate level chemists and chemical engineers atthe beginning their industrial careers and those in later life whobecome involved with surfactants for the first time. The book is astraightforward and practical survey of the chemistry ofsurfactants and their uses, providing a basic introduction tosurfactant theory, information on the various types of surfactantand some application details. This will allow readers to build ontotheir scientific education the concepts and principles on which thesuccessful use of surfactants, across a wide range of industries,is based.

Author : Uri Zoller
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 838 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2004-08-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780203020500

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Handbook of Detergents, Part B by Uri Zoller Pdf

The second installment of the multivolume Handbook of Detergents deals with the potential environmental impact of detergents as a result of their production, formulation, usage, consumption, and disposal. This volume forms a comprehensive treatise on the multidimensional issues involved and emphasizes the alignment of scientific knowledge with the