Biological Effects And Physics Of Solar And Galactic Cosmic Radiation Part B

Author : Charles E. Swenberg,Gerda Horneck,E.G. Stassinopoulous
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 938 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461529163

Get Book

Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation Part B by Charles E. Swenberg,Gerda Horneck,E.G. Stassinopoulous Pdf

Space missions subject human beings or any other target of a spacecraft to a radiation environment of an intensity and composition not available on earth. Whereas for missions in low earth orbit (LEO), such as those using the Space Shuttle or Space Station scenario, radiation exposure guidelines have been developed and have been adopted by spacefaring agencies, for exploratory class missions that will take the space travellers outside the protective confines of the geomagnetic field sufficient guidelines for radiation protection are still outstanding. For a piloted Mars mission, the whole concept of radiation protection needs to be reconsidered. Since there is an increasing interest of many nations and space agencies in establishing a lunar base and lor exploring Mars by manned missions, it is both, timely and important to develop appropriate risk estimates and radiation protection guidelines which will have an influence on the design and structure of space vehicles and habitation areas of the extraterrestrial settlements. This book is the result of a multidisciplinary effort to assess the state of art in our knowledge on the radiation situation during deep space missions and on the impact of this complex radiation environment on the space traveller. It comprises the lectures by the faculty members as well as short contributions by the students given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation" held in Armacao de Pera, Portugal, 12-23 October, 1991.

Author : Charles E. Swenberg,Gerda Horneck,E.G. Stassinopoulous
Publisher : Springer
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2012-01-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 1461529190

Get Book

Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation by Charles E. Swenberg,Gerda Horneck,E.G. Stassinopoulous Pdf

Space missions subject human beings or any other target of a spacecraft to a radiation environment of an intensity and composition not available on earth. Whereas for missions in low earth orbit (LEO), such as those using the Space Shuttle or Space Station scenario, radiation exposure guidelines have been developed and have been adopted by spacefaring agencies, for exploratory class missions that will take the space travellers outside the protective confines of the geomagnetic field sufficient guidelines for radiation protection are still outstanding. For a piloted Mars mission, the whole concept of radiation protection needs to be reconsidered. Since there is an increasing interest ci many nations and space agencies in establishing a lunar base and lor exploring Mars by manned missions, it is both, timely and important to develop appropriate risk estimates and radiation protection guidelines which will have an influence on the design and structure of space vehicles and habitation areas of the extraterrestrial settlements. This book is the result of a multidisciplinary effort to assess the state of art in our knowledge on the radiation situation during deep space missions and on the impact of this complex radiation environment on the space traveller. ]t comprises the lectures by the faculty members as well as short contributions by the students given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation" held in Armacao de Pera, Portugal, 12-23 October, 1991.

Author : Charles E. Swenberg,Gerda Horneck,E. G. Stassinopoulos
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Cosmic rays
ISBN : CHI:37410887

Get Book

Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation by Charles E. Swenberg,Gerda Horneck,E. G. Stassinopoulos Pdf

Assesses the current state of knowledge on the effects of radiation on travellers in deep space (on the way to Mars, for example) and to construct safety guidelines, as has been done for orbital space flights within the protection of the earth's magnetic field. Among the 27 lectures and volunteer pa

Author : Charles E. Swenberg,Gerda Horneck,E.G. Stassinopoulous
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461529187

Get Book

Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation by Charles E. Swenberg,Gerda Horneck,E.G. Stassinopoulous Pdf

Space missions subject human beings or any other target of a spacecraft to a radiation environment of an intensity and composition not available on earth. Whereas for missions in low earth orbit (LEO), such as those using the Space Shuttle or Space Station scenario, radiation exposure guidelines have been developed and have been adopted by spacefaring agencies, for exploratory class missions that will take the space travellers outside the protective confines of the geomagnetic field sufficient guidelines for radiation protection are still outstanding. For a piloted Mars mission, the whole concept of radiation protection needs to be reconsidered. Since there is an increasing interest ci many nations and space agencies in establishing a lunar base and lor exploring Mars by manned missions, it is both, timely and important to develop appropriate risk estimates and radiation protection guidelines which will have an influence on the design and structure of space vehicles and habitation areas of the extraterrestrial settlements. This book is the result of a multidisciplinary effort to assess the state of art in our knowledge on the radiation situation during deep space missions and on the impact of this complex radiation environment on the space traveller. ]t comprises the lectures by the faculty members as well as short contributions by the students given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation" held in Armacao de Pera, Portugal, 12-23 October, 1991.

Author : John W. Wilson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Galactic cosmic rays
ISBN : NASA:31769000449622

Get Book

Galactic and Solar Cosmic Ray Shielding in Deep Space by John W. Wilson Pdf

Author : Myung-Hee Y. Kim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Shielding (Radiation)
ISBN : NASA:31769000447899

Get Book

Performance Study of Galactic Cosmic Ray Shield Materials by Myung-Hee Y. Kim Pdf

Author : J.W. Bieber,E. Eroshenko,P. Evenson,E.O. Flückiger,R. Kallenbach
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401711876

Get Book

Cosmic Rays and Earth by J.W. Bieber,E. Eroshenko,P. Evenson,E.O. Flückiger,R. Kallenbach Pdf

The year 1998 marked the 50th anniversary of the invention of the neutron monitor, a key research tool in the field of space physics and solar-terrestrial relations. In honor of this occasion a workshop entitled 'Cosmic Rays and Earth' was organized to review the detection of cosmic rays at the surface and in the lower atmosphere of Earth, including the effect that this radiation has on the terrestrial environment. A special focus was the role of neutron monitors in the investigation of this radiation, on the science enabled by the unique dataset of the worldwide network of neutron monitors, and on continuing opportunities to use these data to solve outstanding problems. This book is the principal product of that workshop, integrating the contribu tions of all participants. Following a general summary of the workshop prepared by the editors, the volume leads off with a keynote article by Professor John Simpson describing his invention of the neutron monitor in 1948 and the early scientific discoveries made with this instrument.

Author : Leonty Miroshnichenko
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2003-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 1402015380

Get Book

Radiation Hazard in Space by Leonty Miroshnichenko Pdf

The mono graph contains 8 chapters, and their contents cover all principal aspects of the problem: 1. Introduction and brief his tory ofthe radiation problem and background information ofradiation hazard in the near-Earth and interplanetary space. 2. General description of radiation conditions and main sources of charged partic1es in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, effects of space environment on spacecraft. 3. Basic information about physical conditions in space and main sources of charged particles in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, in the context of "Space W eather" monitoring and prediction. 4. Trapped radiation belts of the Earth (ERB): theory of their origin, spatial and temporal dynamics, and experimental and statistical models. 5. Galactic cosmic rays (GCR): variations of energetic, temporal and spatial characteristics, long-term modulation, and anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) component, modeling oftheir dynamics. 6. Production of energetic particles (SEPs) at/ne ar the Sun: available databases, acceleration, propagation, and prediction of individual SEP event, statistical models of solar cosmic rays (SCR). 7. Existing empirical techniques of estimating, prediction and modeling of radiation hazard, methodical approaches and constraints, some questions of changes in the Earth's radiation environment due to changes of the solar activity level. 8. Unresolved problems of radiation hazard prediction and spacecraft protection, radiation experiments on board the spacecraft, estimating of radiation conditions during interplanetary missions. Space does not allow us to explain every time the solar-terrestrial and radiation physics nomencIature used in current English-language literature.

Author : Roland Diehl,Etienne Parizot,R. Kallenbach,Rudolf von Steiger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401732390

Get Book

The Astrophysics of Galactic Cosmic Rays by Roland Diehl,Etienne Parizot,R. Kallenbach,Rudolf von Steiger Pdf

R. DIEHL, R. KALLENBACH, E. PARIZOT and R. VON STEIGER / The Astrophysics of Galactic Cosmic Rays 3 I: KEY OBSERVATIONS ON GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS M. E. WIEDENBECK, N. E. YANASAK, A. c. CUMMINGS, AJ. DAVIS, I. S. GEORGE, R. A. LESKE, R. A. MEWALDT, E. C. STONE, P. L. HINK, M. H. ISRAEL, M. LIJOWSKI, E. R. CHRISTIAN and TT VON ROSENVINGE / The Origin of Primary Cosmic Rays: Constraints from ACE Elemental and Isotopic Composition Observations 15 R. A. MEWALDT, N. E. YANASAK, M. E. WIEDENBECK, AJ. DAVIS, w. R. BINNS, E. R. CHRISTIAN, A. C. CUMMINGS, P. L. HINK, R. A. LESKE, S. M. NIEBUR, E. C. STONE and TT VON ROSENVINGE / Radioactive Clocks and Cosmic-Ray Transport in the Galaxy 27 J. J. CONNELL / Cosmic-Ray Composition as Observed by Ulysses 41 R. RAMATY, R. E. LINGENFELTER and B. KOZLOVSKY / Spallogenic Light Elements and Cosmic-Ray Origin 51 E. PARIZOT / Galactic Cosmic Rays and the Light Elements 61 G. MEYNET, M. ARNOULD, G. PAULUS and A. MAEDER / Wolf-Rayet Star Nucleosynthesis and the Isotopic Composition of the Galactic Cosmic Rays 73 S. P. SWORDY / The Energy Spectra and Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays 85 G. TARLE and M. SCHUBNELL / Antiparticles 95 D. MULLER / Cosmic Rays Beyond the Knee 105 II: LESSONS FROM THE HELIOSPHERE G. M. MASON / Heliospheric Lessons for Galactic Cosmic-Ray Acceleration 119 R. A.

Author : Filipe Cabello,Carlos Hormaeche,Pasqale Mastroeni,Letterio Bonina
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461528548

Get Book

Biology of Salmonella by Filipe Cabello,Carlos Hormaeche,Pasqale Mastroeni,Letterio Bonina Pdf

Salmonella infections of man and animals continue to be a distressing health problem worldwide. Far from disappearing, the incidence of typhoid fever in developing countries may be far higher than we had imagined. Salmonella food poisoning has increased to one of the major causes of gastroenteritis in the developed world, in itself also an indication that animal salmonellosis is still a major cause for concern. The situation requires a concerted multidisciplinary research effort in order to generate the new information and technology needed to assist in the control of these diseases. This concept was the driving force behind the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Biology of Salmonella" held at Portorosa, Messina, Italy, May 11-15, 1992. With additional support from the University of Messina, Medeva Group Research (UK) and the Swiss Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, the meeting brought together epidemiologists, microbiologists, molecular biologists, immunologists and clinicians. All the participants were actively working on different but related aspects of Salmonella and salmonellosis, with most of the leading laboratories worldwide being represented. The workshop provided an excellent opportunity for interdisciplinary consultation; it is not often that the topic of Salmonella and salmonellosis is covered to such breadth and depth in one extended meeting. Keynote addresses by invited speakers were interspersed with offered papers, many by younger members of the scientific community, and this volume presents the collated manuscripts of the lectures and extended summaries of the offered papers.

Author : L.I. Miroshnichenko
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 489 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401596466

Get Book

Solar Cosmic Rays by L.I. Miroshnichenko Pdf

It turned out to be really a rare and happy occasion that we know exact1y when and how a new branch of space physics was born, namely, a physics of solar cosmic rays. It happened on February 28 and March 7, 1942 when the fIrst "cosmic ray bursts" were recorded on the Earth, and the Sun was unambiguously identifIed for the fIrst time as the source of high-velocity 10 particles with energies up to > 10 eV. Just due to such a high energy these relativistic particles have been called "solar cosmic rays" (SCR), in distinction from the "true" cosmic rays of galactic origin. Between 1942 and the beginning ofthe space era in 1957 only extremely high energy solar particle events could be occasionally recorded by cosmic ray ground-Ievel detectors and balloon borne sensors. Since then the detection techniques varied considerably and the study of SCR turned into essential part of solar and solar-terrestrial physics.

Author : Leonty Miroshnichenko
Publisher : Springer
Page : 521 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2014-10-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319094298

Get Book

Solar Cosmic Rays by Leonty Miroshnichenko Pdf

Presents a comprehensive approach to the open questions in solar cosmic ray research and includes consistent and detailed considerations of conceptual, observational, theoretical, experimental and applied aspects of the field. The results of solar cosmic ray (SCR) investigations from 1942 to the present are summarized in this book. It treats the research questions in a self-contained form in all of its associations, from fundamental astrophysical aspects to geophysical, aeronautical and cosmonautical applications. A large amount of new data is included, which has been accumulated during the last several decades of space research. This second edition contains numerous updates and corrections to the text, figures and references. The author has also added several new sections about GLEs and radiation hazards. In addition, an extensive bibliography is provided, which covers non-partially the main achievements and failures in the field. This volume is aimed at graduate students and researchers in solar physics and space science.

Author : K.W.A. Wirtz,Lester Packer,J.Å. Gustafsson,A.E. Evangelopoulos,J.P. Changeux
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461528609

Get Book

New Developments in Lipid-Protein Interactions and Receptor Function by K.W.A. Wirtz,Lester Packer,J.Å. Gustafsson,A.E. Evangelopoulos,J.P. Changeux Pdf

A NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Developments in Lipid-Protein Interactions and Receptor Function" was held on the Island of Spetsai, Greece, from August 16-27, 1992. This Institute was organized to bring together researchers in the field of membrane organization and dynamics with those actively involved in studies on receptor function, signal transduction mechanisms and gene regulation. 2 Presentations and discussions focussed on the regulation of intracellular Ca +-levels, on the second messengers derived from inositol lipids and on the specific phospholipase C isozymes involved in these processes. A major focus was on G-proteins and the effect of lipid anchors on their function. These principles of regulation were further discussed in the context of receptors for acetylcholine, lysophosphatidic acid and low-density lipoproteins. In addition, various aspects of the genomic regulation of cell growth and differentiation by transcription factors were presented. These topics were put into perspective by discussing the most recent developments in lipid-protein interactions, protein insertion into membranes, membrane lipid organization and lipid dynamics as mediated by phospholipid transfer proteins. This book presents the content of the major lectures and a selection of the most relevant of the most important topics posters. These proceedings offer a comprehensive account presented during the course of the Institute. The book is intended to make these proceedings accessible to a large audience.

Author : A. Schoutens,J. Arlet,J.W.M. Gardeniers,S.P.F. Hughes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461528388

Get Book

Bone Circulation and Vascularization in Normal and Pathological Conditions by A. Schoutens,J. Arlet,J.W.M. Gardeniers,S.P.F. Hughes Pdf

The Association Internationale de Recherche sur la Circulation Osseuse, A.R.C.O., was founded in London in December 1989 by a small group of doctors, surgeons and researchers in basic sciences who had been involved for many years in the study of bone circulation and its disorders. They had met several times in Toulouse, during the International Symposia on Bone Circulation held there since 1973 and they wished to carry their contacts further. In founding A.R.C.O., they established as their primary aims the encouragement and furtherance of research, organisation of meetings and promotion of knowledge on the subject. At the present time, the Association has over a hundred members from more than bone tissue twenty countries in Europe, America and Asia. All have the conviction that and its pathology can only be truly known and studied if one has an understanding of its vascular system and the way its circulation functions. This concept, apparently beyond question, has not yet been adopted by all physicians and scientists who are interested in bone. From time to time, one comes across teaching programmes on bone patho logy which make no mention of bone circulation.

Author : John Alden,J.Louise Mastrantonio,Soren Ødum
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 565 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489916006

Get Book

Forest Development in Cold Climates by John Alden,J.Louise Mastrantonio,Soren Ødum Pdf

As forests decline in temperate and tropical climates, highly-developed countries and those striving for greater economic and social benefits are beginning to utilize marginal forests of high-latitude and mountainous regions for resources to satisfy human needs. The benefits of marginal forests range from purely aesthetic to providing resources for producing many goods and services demanded by a growing world population. Increased demands for forest resources and amenities and recent warming of high latitude climates have generated interest in reforestation and afforestation of marginal habitats in cold regions. Afforestation of treeless landscapes improves the environment for human habitation and provides for land use and economic prosperity. Trees are frequently planted in cold climates to rehabilitate denuded sites, for the amenity of homes and villages, and for wind shelter, recreation, agroforestry, and industrial uses. In addition, forests in cold climates reduce the albedo of the earth's surface in winter, and in summer they are small but significant long-lived sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide. Finally, growth and reproductive success of forests at their geographic limits are sensitive indices of climatic change. As efforts to adapt forests to cold climates increase, however, new afforestation problems arise and old ones intensify. Austral, northern, and altitudinal tree limits are determined by many different factors. Current hypotheses for high-latitude tree limits are based on low growing-season temperatures that inhibit plant development and reproduction.