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Chemical Weapons Destruction and Explosive Waste by Robert Noyes Pdf
Some of the more difficult environmental problems facing the Department of Defense (DOD) include (1) chemical weapons destruction, (2) explosive waste remediation, and (3) unexploded ordnance clearance and extraction. It is conceivable that $50 to $100 billion will be spent by DOD for these three programs, offering unusual opportunities for environmental engineering and related firms. Military installations are similar to small cities in terms of population, industrial activities, and some types of contaminated sites. However, some cover an area larger than a small state. DOD has operated industrial facilities on its installations for several decades that have generated, stored, recycled, or disposed of hazardous wastes. Many of these activities have contaminated the nearby soil and groundwater. To study and clean up contaminated sites, DOD established the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) in 1975. In 1984, the IRP was made part of the Defense Environmental Restoration Program. The Secretary of Defense delegated cleanup responsibility to the Army, Navy, the Air Force, and the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). Cleanup actions are usually accomplished under contract with private firms, which are monitored by the services. Most cleanup actions are funded through the Defense Environmental Restoration Account (DERA) and the Base Realignment and Closure Account. Congress established DERA in 1984 to fund the cleanup of inactive contaminated sites on DOD installations. The technology to clean up the conventional hazardous wastes on DOD sites are the same as those utilized for industrial sites, and well-documented by this publisher. However, there are three DOD programs that require the utilization of somewhat unusual or different technologies that have not been as well documented. These three programs are: 1. Chemical weapons destruction 2. Remediation of explosives contaminated soils and lagoons 3. Unexploded ordnance detection, clearance, and extraction This book discusses the current and potential treatment technologies involved in these three programs.
Approaches for the Remediation of Federal Facility Sites Contaminated with Explosive Or Radioactive Wastes by Edwin Barth Pdf
Provides an overview of technical issues related to remediating soil & ground water contaminated with explosive & radioactive wastes at federal facility sites. Covers a range of sampling approaches & treatment technologies, both those that have been successfully demonstrated & applied & those that have not yet been successfully implemented. Includes operation of the technology; applications at the laboratory, bench, pilot, or field scale; & advantages & limitations of the technology. Over 100 charts, tables & drawings.
Effects of Plant-Microbiome Interactions on Phyto- and Bio-Remediation Capacity by Stefano Castiglione,Angela Cicatelli,Nuria Ferrol,Piotr Rozpadek Pdf
Bio- and Phyto-remediation have been seen in the past by scientists as two independent “green technologies”, employing separately either microorganisms (bacteria and/or fungi), or plants to reclaim polluted soil, water and air. However, in the last decade, the idea has emerged that microorganisms and plants can and have to work synergistically to obtain better results in terms of reclamation performances; hence these two technologies have to be considered the different sides of the same coin. Therefore a single term can be used to refer to both of these technologies: bio-remediation. The Research Topic articles, collected in this eBook, report the isolation and characterization of bacteria, fungi and endophytes with Plant Growth Promoting features. Moreover, some of these microorganisms have been added to plants to ameliorate their health status when grown in polluted soils and waters; or to realize and improve the water reclamation performance of Constructed Wetlands, a very interesting application of the bio-remediation process.
Rhizomicrobiome Dynamics in Bioremediation by Vivek Kumar Pdf
Intensified agrarian and industrial activity has led to earth's soil and groundwater resources becoming polluted with hazardous materials. Bioremediation delivers a green technology using dynamics of living organisms, typically bacteria, fungi, microalgae and also plants to eliminate contaminants from ecosystem. This biological know-how is not only cost-effective compared to conventional physico-chemical approaches, but also very successful and is being employed in the field. This book focuses on important issues for several critical and common environmental pollutants, resulting in a compilation having recent updates on the bioremediation applications towards green and clean environment. This volume also describes updates on various novel approaches of bioremediation including nanotechnology, rhizomicrobiome technology, composting, metagenomics, and biosurfactants-based bioremediation. This volume is a resource for researchers, environmentalists, professionals and policy makers.
Hazardous Industrial Waste Treatment by Lawrence K. Wang,Yung-Tse Hung,Howard H. Lo,Constantine Yapijakis Pdf
Increasing demand on industrial capacity has, as an unintended consequence, produced an accompanying increase in harmful and hazardous wastes. Derived from the second edition of the popular Handbook of Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Treatment, Hazardous Industrial Waste Treatment outlines the fundamentals and latest developments in hazardous waste
Using Genomics, Metagenomics and Other "Omics" to Assess Valuable Microbial Ecosystem Services and Novel Biotechnological Applications by Diana Elizabeth Marco,Florence Abram Pdf
Most ecosystem services and goods human populations use and consume are provided by microbial populations and communities. Indeed, numerous provisioning services (e.g. food and enzymes for industrial processes), regulating services (e.g. water quality, contamination alleviation and biological processes such as plant-microbial symbioses), and supporting services (e.g. nutrient cycling, agricultural production and biodiversity) are mediated by microbes. The fast development of metagenomics and other meta-omics technologies is expanding our understanding of microbial diversity, ecology, evolution and functioning. This enhanced knowledge directly translates into the emergence of new applications in an unlimited variety of areas across all microbial ecosystem services and goods. The varied topics addressed in this Research Topic include the development of innovative industrial processes, the discovery of novel natural products, the advancement of new agricultural methods, the amelioration of negative effects of productive or natural microbiological processes, as well as food security and human health, and archeological conservation. The articles compiled provide an updated, high-quality overview of current work in the field. This body of research makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of microbial ecosystem services, and expands the horizon for finding and developing new and more efficient biotechnological applications.
Microbial and Natural Macromolecules by Surajit Das,Hirak Ranjan Dash Pdf
Microbial and Natural Macromolecules: Synthesis and Applications brings together active scientists and academicians in the field who share updated information and research outcomes from global experts. Microbial macromolecular diversity, molecular composure, genetics, usability of advanced molecular tools and techniques for their study as well as their applicability are discussed with detailed research perspectives. Illustrates fundamental discoveries and methodological advancements Discusses novel functional attributes of macromolecules Updates progress on microbial macromolecular research
Handbook of Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Treatment by Lawrence K. Wang,Yung-Tse Hung,Howard H. Lo,Constantine Yapijakis Pdf
Presenting effective, practicable strategies modeled from ultramodern technologies and framed by the critical insights of 78 field experts, this vastly expanded Second Edition offers 32 chapters of industry- and waste-specific analyses and treatment methods for industrial and hazardous waste materials-from explosive wastes to landfill leachate to w
Microbial Resource Conservation by Sushil K. Sharma,Ajit Varma Pdf
This book covers broad areas in the conservation of microorganisms. It addresses the short, medium and long-term preservation of agriculturally important microorganisms, as well as culture collections and their roles. The respective chapters address topics such as conventional approaches to bacterial, fungal and algal preservation, as well as methods and strategies for preserving recalcitrant microorganisms. Readers will also find the latest insights into the preservation of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) fungi and ecology, diversity and conservation of endophytes, and entamopathogenic fungi. Microbes of animal and dairy origin, their preservation and biosafety issues are also explored. Microorganisms are the silent and unseen majority of life on Earth, and are characterized by a high degree of genetic and metabolic diversity. It is well documented that no branch of science or society is unaffected by microbial interventions. Researchers have documented microorganisms from such extreme and unique environments as deserts and hydrothermal vents, and with specific traits that are currently being exploited in agriculture, industry, medicine and biotechnological applications. Such great potential can only be found in microorganisms. The aim of this book – the first entirely devoted to the conservation of microorganisms, and to regulatory mechanisms for access and benefits sharing as per Biological Diversity (BD) Act 2002 – is to promote awareness of our world’s microbial wealth, and to introduce readers to strategies and methodologies for the conservation of microorganisms, which could ultimately save human life on Earth.
Plants and their Interaction to Environmental Pollution by Azamal Husen Pdf
Environmental pollution as a consequence of diverse human activities has become a global concern. Urbanization, mining, industrial revolution, burning of fossil fuels/firewood and poor agricultural practices, in addition to improper dumping of waste products, are largely responsible for the undesirable change in the environment composition. Environmental pollution is mainly classified as air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution, light pollution, and plastic pollution. Nowadays, it has been realized that with the increasing environmental pollution, impurities may accumulate in plants, which are required for basic human uses such as for food, clothing, medicine, and so on. Environmental pollution has tremendous impacts on phenological events, structural patterns, physiological phenomena, biochemical status, and the cellular and molecular features of plants. Exposure to environmental pollution induces acute or chronic injury depending on the pollutant concentration, exposure duration, season and plant species. Moreover, the global rise of greenhouse gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane, chlorofluorocarbons and ozone in the atmosphere is among the major threats to the biodiversity. They have also shown visible impacts on life cycles and distribution of various plant species. Anthropogenic activities, including the fossil-fuel combustion in particular, are responsible for steady increases in the atmospheric greenhouse gases concentrations. This phenomenon accelerates the global heating. Studies have suggested that the changes in carbon dioxide concentrations, rainfall and temperature have greatly influenced the plant physiological and metabolic activities including the formation of biologically active ingredients. Taken together, plants interact with pollutants, and cause adverse ecological and economic outcomes. Therefore, plant response to pollutants requires more investigation in terms of damage detection, adaptation, tolerance, and the physiological and molecular responses. The complex interplay among other emerging pollutants, namely, radioisotopes, cell-phone radiation, nanoparticles, nanocomposites, heavy metals etc. and their impact on plant adaptation strategies, and possibility to recover, mitigation, phytoremediation, etc., also needs to be explored. Further, it is necessary to elucidate better the process of the pollutant’s uptake by plant and accumulation in the food chain, and the plant resistance capability against the various kinds of environmental pollutants. In this context, the identification of tolerance mechanisms in plants against pollutants can help in developing eco-friendly technologies, which requires molecular approaches to increase plant tolerance to pollutants, such as plant transformation and genetic modifications. Pollutant-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species that cause DNA damage and apoptosis-related alterations, has also been examined. They also trigger changes at the levels of transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, which has been discussed in this book.
Biotechnology for Zero Waste by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain,Ravi Kumar Kadeppagari Pdf
Biotechnology for Zero Waste The use of biotechnology to minimize waste and maximize resource valorization In Biotechnology for Zero Waste: Emerging Waste Management Techniques, accomplished environmental researchers Drs. Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and Ravi Kumar Kadeppagari deliver a robust exploration of the role of biotechnology in reducing waste and creating a zero-waste environment. The editors provide resources covering perspectives in waste management like anaerobic co-digestion, integrated biosystems, immobilized enzymes, zero waste biorefineries, microbial fuel cell technology, membrane bioreactors, nano biomaterials, and more. Ideal for sustainability professionals, this book comprehensively sums up the state-of-the-art biotechnologies powering the latest advances in zero-waste strategies. The renowned contributors address topics like bioconversion and biotransformation and detail the concept of the circular economy. Biotechnology for Zero Waste effectively guides readers on the path to creating sustainable products from waste. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to modern perspectives on zero waste drives, including anaerobic co-digestion as a smart approach for enhancing biogas production Comprehensive explorations of bioremediation for zero waste, biological degradation systems, and bioleaching and biosorption of waste Practical discussions of bioreactors for zero waste and waste2energy with biotechnology An in-depth examination of emerging technologies, including nanobiotechnology for zero waste and the economics and commercialization of zero waste biotechnologies Perfect for process engineers, natural products, environmental, soil, and inorganic chemists, Biotechnology for Zero Waste: Emerging Waste Management Techniques will also earn a place in the libraries of food technologists, biotechnologists, agricultural scientists, and microbiologists.
Bacilli and Agrobiotechnology by M. Tofazzal Islam,Mahfuz Rahman,Piyush Pandey,Chaitanya Kumar Jha,Abhinav Aeron Pdf
This volume of comprehensive reviews updates our knowledge of research and commercialization of Bacillus-based products in agriculture and the environmental sector. The last couple of decades have witnessed tremendous growth of research on Bacillus species. Many of these species can produce industrial enzymes, and can act simultaneously as biofertilizers and as biopesticides inhibiting important phytopathogens. This "biocontrol" activity is now elucidated by a number of genomic and metabolomic studies. Bacillus formulations are being patented and commercialized on a regular basis. Understanding the biology, ecology and mechanism of action of these bacteria will play a role in the promotion of Bacillus-based products to support green technology in agriculture and agro-based industries.
Phytoremediation Technology for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Other Contaminants from Soil and Water by Vineet Kumar,Maulin P Shah,Sushil Kumar Shahi Pdf
Phytoremediation Technology for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Other Contaminants from Soil and Water focuses on the exploitation of plants and their associated microbes as a tool to degrade/detoxify/stabilize toxic and hazardous contaminants and restore the contaminated site. The book introduces various phytoremediation technologies using an array of plants and their associated microbes for environmental cleanup and sustainable development. The book mainly focuses on the remediation of toxic and hazardous environmental contaminants, their phytoremediation mechanisms and strategies, advances and challenges in the current scenario. This book is intended to appeal to students, researchers, scientists and a wide range of professionals responsible for regulating, monitoring and designing industrial waste facilities. Engineering consultants, industrial waste managers and purchasing department managers, government regulators, and graduate students will also find this book invaluable. Provides natural and eco-friendly solutions to deal with the problem of pollution Details underlying mechanisms of phytoremediation of organic and inorganic contaminants with enzymatic roles Describes numerous, successful field studies on the application of phytoremediation for eco-restoration of contaminated sites Presents recent advances and challenges in phytoremediation research and applications for sustainable development Provides authoritative contributions on the diverse aspects of phytoremediation by world leading experts
Environmental Biotechnology by Jeyabalan Sangeetha,Devarajan Thangadurai,Muniswamy David,Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah Pdf
With focus on the practical use of modern biotechnology for environmental sustainability, this book provides a thoughtful overview of molecular aspects of environmental studies to create a new awareness of fundamental biological processes and sustainable ecological concerns. It covers the latest research by prominent scientists in modern biology and delineates recent and prospective applications in the sub-areas of environmental biotechnology with special focus on the biodegradation of toxic pollutants, bioremediation of contaminated environments, and bioconversion of organic wastes toward a green economy and sustainable future.