Birth Risks

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Assessing Health Outcomes by Birth Settings
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2020-05-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309669825

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Birth Settings in America by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Assessing Health Outcomes by Birth Settings Pdf

The delivery of high quality and equitable care for both mothers and newborns is complex and requires efforts across many sectors. The United States spends more on childbirth than any other country in the world, yet outcomes are worse than other high-resource countries, and even worse for Black and Native American women. There are a variety of factors that influence childbirth, including social determinants such as income, educational levels, access to care, financing, transportation, structural racism and geographic variability in birth settings. It is important to reevaluate the United States' approach to maternal and newborn care through the lens of these factors across multiple disciplines. Birth Settings in America: Outcomes, Quality, Access, and Choice reviews and evaluates maternal and newborn care in the United States, the epidemiology of social and clinical risks in pregnancy and childbirth, birth settings research, and access to and choice of birth settings.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 791 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2007-05-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309101592

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Preterm Birth by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes Pdf

The increasing prevalence of preterm birth in the United States is a complex public health problem that requires multifaceted solutions. Preterm birth is a cluster of problems with a set of overlapping factors of influence. Its causes may include individual-level behavioral and psychosocial factors, sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics, environmental exposure, medical conditions, infertility treatments, and biological factors. Many of these factors co-occur, particularly in those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged or who are members of racial and ethnic minority groups. While advances in perinatal and neonatal care have improved survival for preterm infants, those infants who do survive have a greater risk than infants born at term for developmental disabilities, health problems, and poor growth. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems. Preterm Birth assesses the problem with respect to both its causes and outcomes. This book addresses the need for research involving clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science disciplines. By defining and addressing the health and economic consequences of premature birth, this book will be of particular interest to health care professionals, public health officials, policy makers, professional associations and clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science researchers.

Author : Panel on Adolescent Pregnancy and Childbearing,National Research Council,Cheryl D. Hayes
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1987-01-15
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : NAP:08525

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Risking the Future by Panel on Adolescent Pregnancy and Childbearing,National Research Council,Cheryl D. Hayes Pdf

Abstract: This book presents the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the Committee on Child Development Research and Public Policy within the National Research Council. The panel examined research and existing programs which address the areas of adolescent sexuality, pregnancy, and childbearing with the intent of making recommendations for policy making, program design, program evaluation, and research. The panel's report is presented in chapters addressing the following topics: trends in adolescent sexuality and fertility, society and changing roles of adolescents, determinants of sexual behavior, effects of adolescent childbearing, interventions, and priorities for data collection, research, policies, and programs. An accompanying volume contains the working papers on which the report was based. The working papers address three broad areas, which are: 1) influences on early sexual and fertility behavior, 2) consequences of early sexual and fertility behavior, and 3) programs and policies related to teen pregnancy and sexuality.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : 9789241590846

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Pregnancy, Childbirth, Postpartum, and Newborn Care by Anonim Pdf

This guide provides a full range of updated, evidence-based norms and standards that will enable health care providers to give high quality care during pregnancy, delivery and in the postpartum period, considering the needs of the mother and her newborn baby. All recommendations are for skilled attendants working at the primary level of health care, either at the facility or in the community. They apply to all women attending antenatal care, in delivery, postpartum or post abortion care, or who come for emergency care, and to all newborns at birth and during the first week of life (or later) for routine and emergency care. This guide is a guide for clinical decision-making. It facilitates the collection; analysis, classification and use of relevant information by suggesting key questions, essential observations and/or examinations, and recommending appropriate research-based interventions. It promotes the early detection of complications and the initiation of early and appropriate treatment, including time referral, if necessary. Correct use of this guide should help reduce high maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity rates prevalent in many parts of the developing world, thereby making pregnancy and childbirth safer.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana: An Evidence Review and Research Agenda
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 487 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2017-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309453073

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The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana: An Evidence Review and Research Agenda Pdf

Significant changes have taken place in the policy landscape surrounding cannabis legalization, production, and use. During the past 20 years, 25 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis and/or cannabidiol (a component of cannabis) for medical conditions or retail sales at the state level and 4 states have legalized both the medical and recreational use of cannabis. These landmark changes in policy have impacted cannabis use patterns and perceived levels of risk. However, despite this changing landscape, evidence regarding the short- and long-term health effects of cannabis use remains elusive. While a myriad of studies have examined cannabis use in all its various forms, often these research conclusions are not appropriately synthesized, translated for, or communicated to policy makers, health care providers, state health officials, or other stakeholders who have been charged with influencing and enacting policies, procedures, and laws related to cannabis use. Unlike other controlled substances such as alcohol or tobacco, no accepted standards for safe use or appropriate dose are available to help guide individuals as they make choices regarding the issues of if, when, where, and how to use cannabis safely and, in regard to therapeutic uses, effectively. Shifting public sentiment, conflicting and impeded scientific research, and legislative battles have fueled the debate about what, if any, harms or benefits can be attributed to the use of cannabis or its derivatives, and this lack of aggregated knowledge has broad public health implications. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids provides a comprehensive review of scientific evidence related to the health effects and potential therapeutic benefits of cannabis. This report provides a research agendaâ€"outlining gaps in current knowledge and opportunities for providing additional insight into these issuesâ€"that summarizes and prioritizes pressing research needs.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Pregnancy
ISBN : 0660071568

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The Sensible Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy, 2017 by Anonim Pdf

"If you are pregnant, or are planning to become pregnant, this guide is for you! Having a baby can be a wonderful experience, but it can also be a time of uncertainty. Many parents have questions and concerns as they face all the changes that pregnancy brings. With advice coming from everyone, it's tough to know who to listen to. That's why having accurate information is so important! This guide will help you to make good decisions about how to take care of yourself before, during and after your pregnancy"--Page 1.

Author : Kirstie Coxon,Mandie Scamell,Andy Alaszewski
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-11
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781351969055

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Risk, Pregnancy and Childbirth by Kirstie Coxon,Mandie Scamell,Andy Alaszewski Pdf

Over the last hundred years, pregnancy and childbirth has become increasingly safe – yet it is still a site of risk, and a contested ground on which health professionals and pregnant women both face high costs of error. In this context, all those involved in managing pregnancy and birth are expected to identify and mitigate risk: pregnant women are subject to increasing surveillance to ensure the safety of the unborn foetus, and every aspect of childbearing is increasingly medicalised. This publication brings together fascinating social science research to explore the ways in which risk is both created and managed in pregnancy and childbirth. The introductory chapters reflect on the changing social context of childbirth, in particular the medicalisation of both pregnancy and childbirth with development of specialist practitioners, such as obstetricians and midwives who claim to have the knowledge, technology and skills to identify and manage the risks involved. The next three chapters that examine the ways in which women’s behaviour during pregnancy is constructed as potentially risky -- for example smoking, drinking alcohol and taking drugs, and how these risks are monitored and mitigated. The final two parts of the book address the construction of and responses to both medicalisation and risk in childbirth. Altogether, it represents a valuable insight into the complex world of pregnancy, childbirth and risk. This book brings together editorials and articles originally published in special and open issues of Health, Risk and Society.

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 131 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2013-09-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309287425

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An Update on Research Issues in the Assessment of Birth Settings by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families Pdf

More than 30 years ago, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the National Research Council (NRC) convened a committee to determine methodologies and research needed to evaluate childbirth settings in the United States. The committee members reported their findings and recommendations in a consensus report, Research Issues in the Assessment of Birth Settings (IOM and NRC, 1982). An Update on Research Issues in the Assessment of Birth Settings is the summary of a workshop convened in March, 2013, to review updates to the 1982 report. Health care providers, researchers, government officials, and other experts from midwifery, nursing, obstetric medicine, neonatal medicine, public health, social science, and related fields presented and discussed research findings that advance our understanding of the effects of maternal care services in different birth settings on labor, clinical and other birth procedures, and birth outcomes. These settings include conventional hospital labor and delivery wards, birth centers, and home births. This report identifies datasets and relevant research literature that may inform a future ad hoc consensus study to address these concerns.

Author : Nadia von Benzon,Rebecca Whittle,Jo Hickman-Dunne
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2023-11-25
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789819925957

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Birthing in Unprecedented Times by Nadia von Benzon,Rebecca Whittle,Jo Hickman-Dunne Pdf

This book shines a light on the way in which risk – in and beyond childbirth – is highly contextual, and the way in which risk-management strategies can be understood as socially and materially constructed.

Author : the pregnancy experts at Mayo Clinic
Publisher : Da Capo Lifelong Books
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2011-05-01
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 1561487171

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Mayo Clinic Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy by the pregnancy experts at Mayo Clinic Pdf

Any woman looking for accurate, reliable, and authoritative information on pregnancy will appreciate this book from the world-class Mayo Clinic. The Mayo Clinic Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy offers hundreds of pages of in-depth information that new parents will find useful and informative. Features include week-by-week updates on baby's growth, month-by-month changes that mom can expect, and a forty-week pregnancy calendar, as well as a symptom guide and a review of important pregnancy decisions. In this illustrated book you'll also find advice on getting pregnant, meal planning, healthy exercise, and safe medication use, along with general tips on becoming a parent. This pregnancy book is the result of the efforts of a collective team of pregnancy experts who find nothing in medicine more exciting and satisfying than the birth of a healthy child with a healthy mother. The Mayo Clinic Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy is an essential pregnancy resource for parents-to-be.

Author : J. David Erickson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Abnormalities, Human
ISBN : UOM:39015014051398

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Vietnam Veterans' Risks for Fathering Babies with Birth Defects by J. David Erickson Pdf

Author : Sarah Buckley
Publisher : Celestial Arts
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2013-02-20
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9780307832030

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Gentle Birth, Gentle Mothering by Sarah Buckley Pdf

An authoritative guide to natural childbirth and postpartum parenting options from an MD who home-birthed her own four children. Sarah Buckley might be called a third-wave natural birth advocate. A doctor and a mother, she approaches the question of how a woman and baby might have the most fulfilling birth experience with respect for the wisdom of both medical science and the human body. Using current medical and epidemiological research plus women's experiences (including her own), she demonstrates that what she calls "undisturbed birth" is almost always healthier and safer than high-technology approaches to birth. Her wise counsel on issues like breastfeeding and sleeping during postpartum helps extend the gentle birth experience into a gentle parenting relationship.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Suzanne Wymelenberg
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1990-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309041362

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Science and Babies by Institute of Medicine,Suzanne Wymelenberg Pdf

By all indicators, the reproductive health of Americans has been deteriorating since 1980. Our nation is troubled by rates of teen pregnancies and newborn deaths that are worse than almost all others in the Western world. Science and Babies is a straightforward presentation of the major reproductive issues we face that suggests answers for the public. The book discusses how the clash of opinions on sex and family planning prevents us from making a national commitment to reproductive health; why people in the United States have fewer contraceptive choices than those in many other countries; what we need to do to improve social and medical services for teens and people living in poverty; how couples should "shop" for a fertility service and make consumer-wise decisions; and what we can expect in the futureâ€"featuring interesting accounts of potential scientific advances.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Reproductive Health Services: Assessing the Safety and Quality of Abortion Care in the U.S.
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2018-05-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309468213

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The Safety and Quality of Abortion Care in the United States by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Reproductive Health Services: Assessing the Safety and Quality of Abortion Care in the U.S. Pdf

Abortion is a legal medical procedure that has been provided to millions of American women. Since the Institute of Medicine first reviewed the health implications of national legalized abortion in 1975, there has been a plethora of related scientific research, including well-designed randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and epidemiological studies examining abortion care. This research has focused on examining the relative safety of abortion methods and the appropriateness of methods for different clinical circumstances. With this growing body of research, earlier abortion methods have been refined, discontinued, and new approaches have been developed. The Safety and Quality of Abortion Care in the United States offers a comprehensive review of the current state of the science related to the provision of safe, high-quality abortion services in the United States. This report considers 8 research questions and presents conclusions, including gaps in research.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Unintended Pregnancy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1995-07-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309052306

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The Best Intentions by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Unintended Pregnancy Pdf

Experts estimate that nearly 60 percent of all U.S. pregnanciesâ€"and 81 percent of pregnancies among adolescentsâ€"are unintended. Yet the topic of preventing these unintended pregnancies has long been treated gingerly because of personal sensitivities and public controversies, especially the angry debate over abortion. Additionally, child welfare advocates long have overlooked the connection between pregnancy planning and the improved well-being of families and communities that results when children are wanted. Now, current issuesâ€"health care and welfare reform, and the new international focus on populationâ€"are drawing attention to the consequences of unintended pregnancy. In this climate The Best Intentions offers a timely exploration of family planning issues from a distinguished panel of experts. This committee sheds much-needed light on the questions and controversies surrounding unintended pregnancy. The book offers specific recommendations to put the United States on par with other developed nations in terms of contraceptive attitudes and policies, and it considers the effectiveness of over 20 pregnancy prevention programs. The Best Intentions explores problematic definitionsâ€""unintended" versus "unwanted" versus "mistimed"â€"and presents data on pregnancy rates and trends. The book also summarizes the health and social consequences of unintended pregnancies, for both men and women, and for the children they bear. Why does unintended pregnancy occur? In discussions of "reasons behind the rates," the book examines Americans' ambivalence about sexuality and the many other social, cultural, religious, and economic factors that affect our approach to contraception. The committee explores the complicated web of peer pressure, life aspirations, and notions of romance that shape an individual's decisions about sex, contraception, and pregnancy. And the book looks at such practical issues as the attitudes of doctors toward birth control and the place of contraception in both health insurance and "managed care." The Best Intentions offers frank discussion, synthesis of data, and policy recommendations on one of today's most sensitive social topics. This book will be important to policymakers, health and social service personnel, foundation executives, opinion leaders, researchers, and concerned individuals.