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The Black Book of Communism by Stéphane Courtois Pdf
This international bestseller plumbs recently opened archives in the former Soviet bloc to reveal the accomplishments of communism around the world. The book is the first attempt to catalogue and analyse the crimes of communism over 70 years.
This title examines communism in world history from the Russian Revolution of 1917 to creation of the Soviet Union after World War I, through World War II and the Cold War to its apex in the 1960s. Communist governments in the Soviet Union, China, Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam, and Laos, and Socialist Law are examined, as well as daily life for people under this type of government. Other types of governments are compared and contrasted, as are the properties of the central economy. Influences in the movement such as François Marie Charles Fourier, George Ripley, François-Noël Babeuf, John Goodwin Barmby, Friedrich Engels, Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Leon Trotsky, Mao Zedong, Fidel Castro, Nikita Khrushchev, Mikhail Gorbachev, Kim Jong-il, Nguyen Minh Triet, and Choummaly Sayasone are examined. Critics of communism such as Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Ayn Rand, Ludwig von Mises, Milton Friedman, Robert Conquest, and Stéphane Courtois are introduced. Important institutions such as the Fourier Movement, Brook Farm, Communist Propaganda Society, League of the Just, Communist Correspondence Committee of Bruxelles, Communist League are explored. Important events such as the Cultural Revolution, Cuban Missile Crisis, Bay of Pigs Invasion, The Helsinki Accords, House Committee on Un-American Activities investigation, Fall of Berlin Wall are highlighted, and important works such as The Communist Manifesto, and State and Revolution are included. Exploring World Governments is a series in Essential Library, an imprint of ABDO Publishing Company.
Debates on the Future of Communism by Vladimir Tismaneanu Pdf
A collection of essays analyzing the future of communism in the light of contemporary reforms. A number of critical intellectuals who have personally experienced the communist system, present a number of analyses ranging from the optimistic to the foreboding.
From Alexander the Great's conquest of the known world to generals leading today's campaigns in the Middle East, "Commanders" illuminates the leaders who have forged history on the battlefield. Each entry features key data, a timeline, and an analysis of the commander's strengths and weaknesses, making "Commanders" a truly comprehensive look at the greatest leaders in naval, field, and aerial warfare.
Trade with Communist Countries by Alec Nove,Desmond Donnelly Pdf
First published in 1960 Trade with Communist Countries presents an important research report for the first time covering the essential facts and drawing conclusions on East/West trading possibilities. Two authors combine to ensure an authoritative coverage of the many facets of this complex problem. Alec Nove examines the organisation of Soviet trade against the background of domestic economic planning and assesses the prospects for greater East/West trade. In course of his review he discusses such important questions as rates of exchange, bilateralism, and strategic controls. Desmond Donnelly surveys the prospects and practical methods of trading with Communist countries and examines the political consequences of freer trading relations between capitalist and Communist countries. Rich in archival resources this book is a must read for scholars and researchers of economics, economic history, Soviet history, and international trade.
The Poverty of Communism by Nicholas Eberstadt Pdf
One third of the world's population today lives under governments that consider themselves to be Marxist-Leninist. In many of these places, severe poverty was endemic in the years before Communist authorities came to power. Communist governments claim to have a special understanding into and effectiveness in dealing with problems of poverty. Marxist-Leninist rulers have been in power for nearly thirty years in Cuba, nearly forty years in China, and over sixty-five years in the Soviet Union. How do the poor fare in such places today?Western intellectuals often assume there is an inevitable tradeoff between bread and freedom under communism. What populations lose in the way of civil and political rights, they gain in social guarantees that protect them against material hardship. In The Poverty of Communism, Nick Eberstadt challenges this assumption and shatters it. He shows that Communist governments in a wide variety of settings have been no more successful in attending to the material needs of the most vulnerable segments of the populations they govern than non-Communist governments against which they might most readily be compared. Indeed, measured by the health, literacy, and nutrition of their people, Communist governments may today be less effective in dealing with poverty than are non-Communist governments.The Poverty of Communism is a pathbreaking investigation. In a series of separate studies, Eberstadt analyzes the performance of Communist governments in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, China, and Cuba. This is the first scholarly effort to assess the record of Communist governments with respect to poverty in a detailed and comprehensive fashion. Well written, carefully argued, and reflecting a sweeping range of knowledge, The Poverty of Communism will be of interest to specialists in the countries investigated as well as those concerned with comparative economic and political development. Above all, it gives test
Jewish Lives under Communism by Katerina Capková,Kamil Kijek Pdf
This volume provides new, groundbreaking views of Jewish life in various countries of the pro-Soviet bloc from the end of the Second World War until the collapse of Communism in late 1989. The authors, twelve leading historians and anthropologists from Europe, Israel and the United States, look at the experience of Jews under Communism by digging beyond formal state policy and instead examining the ways in which Jews creatively seized opportunities to develop and express their identities, religious and secular, even under great duress. The volume shifts the focus from Jews being objects of Communist state policy (and from anti-Jewish prejudices in Communist societies) to the agency of Jews and their creativity in Communist Europe after the Holocaust. The examination of Jewish history from a transnational vantage point challenges a dominant strand in history writing today, by showing instead the wide variety of Jewish experiences in law, traditions and institutional frameworks as conceived from one Communist country to another and even within a single country, such as Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, East Germany, and the Soviet Union. By focusing on networks across east-central Europe and beyond and on the forms of identity open to Jews in this important period, the volume begins a crucial rethinking of social and cultural life under Communist regimes.
Communism and the Emergence of Democracy by Harald Wydra Pdf
Before democracy becomes an institutionalized form of political authority, the rupture with authoritarian forms of power causes deep uncertainty about power and outcomes. This book connects the study of democratization in eastern Europe and Russia to the emergence and crisis of communism. Wydra argues that the communist past is not simply a legacy but needs to be seen as a social organism in gestation, where critical events produce new expectations, memories, and symbols that influence meanings of democracy. By examining a series of pivotal historical events, he shows that democratization is not just a matter of institutional design, but rather a matter of consciousness and leadership under conditions of extreme and traumatic incivility. Rather than adopting the opposition between non-democratic and democratic, Wydra argues that the communist experience must be central to the study of the emergence and nature of democracy in (post-) communist countries.
Author : Peter John de la Fosse Wiles Publisher : Unknown Page : 428 pages File Size : 49,8 Mb Release : 1963 Category : Communism ISBN : STANFORD:36105038159419
Communism's Shadow by Grigore Pop-Eleches,Joshua A. Tucker Pdf
It has long been assumed that the historical legacy of Soviet Communism would have an important effect on post-communist states. However, prior research has focused primarily on the institutional legacy of communism. Communism's Shadow instead turns the focus to the individuals who inhabit post-communist countries, presenting a rigorous assessment of the legacy of communism on political attitudes. Post-communist citizens hold political, economic, and social opinions that consistently differ from individuals in other countries. Grigore Pop-Eleches and Joshua Tucker introduce two distinct frameworks to explain these differences, the first of which focuses on the effects of living in a post-communist country, and the second on living through communism. Drawing on large-scale research encompassing post-communist states and other countries around the globe, the authors demonstrate that living through communism has a clear, consistent influence on why citizens in post-communist countries are, on average, less supportive of democracy and markets and more supportive of state-provided social welfare. The longer citizens have lived through communism, especially as adults, the greater their support for beliefs associated with communist ideology—the one exception being opinions regarding gender equality. A thorough and nuanced examination of communist legacies' lasting influence on public opinion, Communism's Shadow highlights the ways in which political beliefs can outlast institutional regimes.
Author : Gary K. Bertsch Publisher : Simon & Schuster Books For Young Readers Page : 204 pages File Size : 48,7 Mb Release : 1985 Category : Political Science ISBN : 0023091207
To understand the dramatic collapse of the socialist order and the current turmoil in the formerly communist world, this comprehensive work examines the most important common properties of all socialist societies. JNBnos Kornai brings a life-long study of the problems of the socialist system to his explanation of why inherent attributes of socialism inevitably produced in-efficiency. In his past work he has focused on the economic sphere, maintaining consistently that the weak economic performance of socialist countries resulted from the system itself, not from the personalities of top leaders or mistakes made by leading organizations and planners. This book synthesizes themes from his earlier investigations, while broadening the discussion to include the role of the political power structure and of communist ideology. Kornai distinguishes between two types, or historical phases, of socialism. The "classical socialism" of Stalin, Mao, and their followers is totalitarian and brutally repressive, but its components fit together and make up a coherent edifice. Associated with names like Tito, KNBdar, Deng-Xiaoping, and Gorbachev, "reform socialism" relaxes repression, but brings about a sharpening of inner contradictions and the eventual dissolution of the system. Kornai examines the classical system in the first half of the book, and moves on to explore the complex process of reform in the second half. The Socialist System is addressed to economists in the first place, but also to political scientists, sociologists, and historians. In addition, it will appeal to policymakers, business analysts, and government officials who need to understand either formerly or presently communist countries.
The Rise and Decline of International Communism by Geoffrey Stern Pdf
>Challenging many of the most deeply held assumptions about the communist world, this original, provocative and wide-ranging book brings new understanding of the international communist movement. The Rise and Decline of International Communismanalyses the changing fortunes of the communist movement from the time of the Comintern to the diffuse and diverse array of socialist and workers parties of today. It argues that while the Bolshevik experiment has left an indelible imprint, still serving as a model for some and a warning to others, national preoccupation's and conflicts of interpretation have produced serious rifts - rifts which have shattered the myth of global communist solidarity and raised question marks over the future of 'communism' as an ideology, movement and way of life. Written by a distinguished academic and broadcaster, lively and accessible, this book is both a basic text and superb overview.