Brain Networks For Studying Healthy And Pathological Aging Mechanisms And Intervention Efficacy

Author : Christos Frantzidis,Ana B. Vivas,Panagiotis D. Bamidis
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 577 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2020-11-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889661220

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Brain Networks for Studying Healthy and Pathological Aging Mechanisms and Intervention Efficacy by Christos Frantzidis,Ana B. Vivas,Panagiotis D. Bamidis Pdf

Previous studies showed that both healthy and pathological aging are associated with changes in brain structure and function of the mature human brain. The most prominent anatomical alteration are changes in prefrontal cortex morphology, volume loss and reduced white-matter integrity and hippocampal atrophy. Cognitive decline affects mainly the performance of episodic memory, speed of sensory information processing, working memory, inhibitory function and long-term memory. It has been also proposed that due to the aforementioned changes the aging brain engages in compensatory brain mechanism such as a broader activation of cortical regions (mainly frontal) rather than specialized activation. Evidence suggests that similar changes occur with pathological aging but to a greater extent. In this case information flow is disrupted due to neurodegeneration, functional activation of posterior (occipito-temporal) regions is decreased and as a consequence the brain fails to process sensorial input in the ventral pathway and cognitive deficits appear. In the last years, functional alterations associated with aging have been studied using the mathematical notion of graph theory that offers an integrative approach since it examines different properties of the brain network: 1) Organization level 2) amount of local information processing, 3) information flow 4) cortical community structure and 5) identification of functional / anatomical hubs. So, graph theory offers an attractive way to model brain networks organization and to quantify their pathological deviations. Previous studies have already employed this mathematical notion and demonstrated that age-related neurodegeneration is often accompanied by loss of optimal network organization either due to diminished local information processing or due to progressive isolation of distant brain regions. They have also found that changes in network properties may be present even in the preclinical phase, which could be taken as a biological marker of disease.

Author : Pamela M. Greenwood,Carryl L. Baldwin,Thomas Espeseth,James Campbell Thompson,Xiong Jiang,Philip P. Foster
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1368422767

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Cognitive and Brain Aging: Interventions to Promote Well-Being in Old Age. Roadmap for Interventions Preventing Cognitive Aging by Pamela M. Greenwood,Carryl L. Baldwin,Thomas Espeseth,James Campbell Thompson,Xiong Jiang,Philip P. Foster Pdf

The field of cognitive aging has evolved from a focus on cataloging age-related declines of brain and mind in healthy older people to a focus on interventions aimed at limiting those declines. Intervention research has obtained convincing evidence of the cognitive benefits of aerobic exercise and working memory training. Recently interest has broadened to include interventions that consider the social and physical environment of the aged individual. Examples of this are investigations of training cognitive-motor integration, interventions to reduce loneliness, mindfulness training, and human factors-based approaches to cognitive deficits. Such approaches move beyond targeting specific abilities in isolation to consider more broadly the overall well-being of the healthy older person. In this Research Topic we call for both empirical and review papers that consider interventions aimed at reducing cognitive and brain aging but also approaches that consider older individuals (animal and human) in their physical and social environment.

Author : National Research Council,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Future Directions for Cognitive Research on Aging
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2000-04-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309172196

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The Aging Mind by National Research Council,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Future Directions for Cognitive Research on Aging Pdf

Possible new breakthroughs in understanding the aging mind that can be used to benefit older people are now emerging from research. This volume identifies the key scientific advances and the opportunities they bring. For example, science has learned that among older adults who do not suffer from Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, cognitive decline may depend less on loss of brain cells than on changes in the health of neurons and neural networks. Research on the processes that maintain neural health shows promise of revealing new ways to promote cognitive functioning in older people. Research is also showing how cognitive functioning depends on the conjunction of biology and culture. The ways older people adapt to changes in their nervous systems, and perhaps the changes themselves, are shaped by past life experiences, present living situations, changing motives, cultural expectations, and emerging technology, as well as by their physical health status and sensory-motor capabilities. Improved understanding of how physical and contextual factors interact can help explain why some cognitive functions are impaired in aging while others are spared and why cognitive capability is impaired in some older adults and spared in others. On the basis of these exciting findings, the report makes specific recommends that the U.S. government support three major new initiatives as the next steps for research.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Preventing Dementia and Cognitive Impairment
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2017-10-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309459594

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Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Preventing Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Pdf

Societies around the world are concerned about dementia and the other forms of cognitive impairment that affect many older adults. We now know that brain changes typically begin years before people show symptoms, which suggests a window of opportunity to prevent or delay the onset of these conditions. Emerging evidence that the prevalence of dementia is declining in high-income countries offers hope that public health interventions will be effective in preventing or delaying cognitive impairments. Until recently, the research and clinical communities have focused primarily on understanding and treating these conditions after they have developed. Thus, the evidence base on how to prevent or delay these conditions has been limited at best, despite the many claims of success made in popular media and advertising. Today, however, a growing body of prevention research is emerging. Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Way Forward assesses the current state of knowledge on interventions to prevent cognitive decline and dementia, and informs future research in this area. This report provides recommendations of appropriate content for inclusion in public health messages from the National Institute on Aging.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on the Public Health Dimensions of Cognitive Aging
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2015-07-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309368650

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Cognitive Aging by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on the Public Health Dimensions of Cognitive Aging Pdf

For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.

Author : Lola Cuddy,Sylvie Belleville,Aline Moussard
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2020-05-28
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780128174234

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Music and the Aging Brain by Lola Cuddy,Sylvie Belleville,Aline Moussard Pdf

Music and the Aging Brain describes brain functioning in aging and addresses the power of music to protect the brain from loss of function and how to cope with the ravages of brain diseases that accompany aging. By studying the power of music in aging through the lens of neuroscience, behavioral, and clinical science, the book explains brain organization and function. Written for those researching the brain and aging, the book provides solid examples of research fundamentals, including rigorous standards for sample selection, control groups, description of intervention activities, measures of health outcomes, statistical methods, and logically stated conclusions. Summarizes brain structures supporting music perception and cognition Examines and explains music as neuroprotective in normal aging Addresses the association of hearing loss to dementia Promotes a neurological approach for research in music as therapy Proposes questions for future research in music and aging

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on the Health and Medical Dimensions of Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-05-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309671033

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Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on the Health and Medical Dimensions of Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults Pdf

Social isolation and loneliness are serious yet underappreciated public health risks that affect a significant portion of the older adult population. Approximately one-quarter of community-dwelling Americans aged 65 and older are considered to be socially isolated, and a significant proportion of adults in the United States report feeling lonely. People who are 50 years of age or older are more likely to experience many of the risk factors that can cause or exacerbate social isolation or loneliness, such as living alone, the loss of family or friends, chronic illness, and sensory impairments. Over a life course, social isolation and loneliness may be episodic or chronic, depending upon an individual's circumstances and perceptions. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that social isolation presents a major risk for premature mortality, comparable to other risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, or obesity. As older adults are particularly high-volume and high-frequency users of the health care system, there is an opportunity for health care professionals to identify, prevent, and mitigate the adverse health impacts of social isolation and loneliness in older adults. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults summarizes the evidence base and explores how social isolation and loneliness affect health and quality of life in adults aged 50 and older, particularly among low income, underserved, and vulnerable populations. This report makes recommendations specifically for clinical settings of health care to identify those who suffer the resultant negative health impacts of social isolation and loneliness and target interventions to improve their social conditions. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults considers clinical tools and methodologies, better education and training for the health care workforce, and dissemination and implementation that will be important for translating research into practice, especially as the evidence base for effective interventions continues to flourish.

Author : Donald A. P. Bundy,Nilanthi de Silva,Susan Horton,Dean T. Jamison
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2017-11-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464804397

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Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 8) by Donald A. P. Bundy,Nilanthi de Silva,Susan Horton,Dean T. Jamison Pdf

More children born today will survive to adulthood than at any time in history. It is now time to emphasize health and development in middle childhood and adolescence--developmental phases that are critical to health in adulthood and the next generation. Child and Adolescent Health and Development explores the benefits that accrue from sustained and targeted interventions across the first two decades of life. The volume outlines the investment case for effective, costed, and scalable interventions for low-resource settings, emphasizing the cross-sectoral role of education. This evidence base can guide policy makers in prioritizing actions to promote survival, health, cognition, and physical growth throughout childhood and adolescence.

Author : Frauke Beyer,Susanne Röhr,Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla,Petronilla Battista,Francesca R. Farina
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2022-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889764495

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Modifiable Risk Factors of Accelerated Brain Aging and Dementia by Frauke Beyer,Susanne Röhr,Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla,Petronilla Battista,Francesca R. Farina Pdf

Author : Martin Albert, MD, PhD, FAAN,Janice Knoefel, MD, MPH
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2011-01-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199708963

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Clinical Neurology of Aging by Martin Albert, MD, PhD, FAAN,Janice Knoefel, MD, MPH Pdf

Clinical Neurology of Aging, Third Edition continues the tradition of the First (1984) and Second (1994) editions with 60 chapters written by the world's elite clinicians from neurology, geriatrics and research on all aspects of geriatric neurology. Aging does not automatically imply decline. Many older people find joy in their friendships and their willingness to look at the world with a calmer view than they may have had in youth. This clinically focused book is designed to help clinicians help older persons maintain that joy. Now divided into 9 comprehensive sections, the Third Edition contains subjects ranging from geriatric assessment to pain management and palliative care. Specific sections include: Introduction to Geriatric Neurology; Neurological Assessment in Aging; Cognitive Disorders in Aging; Motor Disorders in Aging; Neuropsychiatric Illness in Aging; Sensory Disturbance in Aging; Peripheral Neurology of Aging; Disease States in Elderly; and Neurological Therapeutics. With a deft touch, the editors - Drs. Martin Albert and Janice Knoefel - have incorporated the geriatric care perspective and a quality-oriented approach to health care throughout the volume. The result: the definitive reference, useful for all clinicians caring for older people and informative to those who set policies that affect research and clinical practice.

Author : Kenneth M. Heilman,Stephen E. Nadeau
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2019-12-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781108453608

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Cognitive Changes of the Aging Brain by Kenneth M. Heilman,Stephen E. Nadeau Pdf

Examines the alterations of cognition, perception, and behavior that occur with healthy brain aging, their mechanisms, and their management.

Author : Martin L. Albert,Janice E. Knoefel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 662 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2011-03-03
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780195369298

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Clinical Neurology of Aging by Martin L. Albert,Janice E. Knoefel Pdf

This clinically focused book is designed to help clinicians help older persons maintain that joy. Now divided into 9 comprehensive sections, this edition contains subjects ranging from geriatric assessment to pain management and palliative care.

Author : David R. Riddle
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2007-04-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1420005529

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Brain Aging by David R. Riddle Pdf

Recognition that aging is not the accumulation of disease, but rather comprises fundamental biological processes that are amenable to experimental study, is the basis for the recent growth of experimental biogerontology. As increasingly sophisticated studies provide greater understanding of what occurs in the aging brain and how these changes occur

Author : Danúbia Da Cunha De Sá Caputo,Mario Bernardo-Filho,Adérito Ricardo Duarte Seixas,Redha Taiar,Eddy A. Van Der Zee
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 131 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2023-05-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832523155

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Non-Pharmacological Interventions in Healthy and Pathological Aging: Facts and Perspectives by Danúbia Da Cunha De Sá Caputo,Mario Bernardo-Filho,Adérito Ricardo Duarte Seixas,Redha Taiar,Eddy A. Van Der Zee Pdf

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2018-07-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309474108

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Future Directions for the Demography of Aging by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population Pdf

Almost 25 years have passed since the Demography of Aging (1994) was published by the National Research Council. Future Directions for the Demography of Aging is, in many ways, the successor to that original volume. The Division of Behavioral and Social Research at the National Institute on Aging (NIA) asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to produce an authoritative guide to new directions in demography of aging. The papers published in this report were originally presented and discussed at a public workshop held in Washington, D.C., August 17-18, 2017. The workshop discussion made evident that major new advances had been made in the last two decades, but also that new trends and research directions have emerged that call for innovative conceptual, design, and measurement approaches. The report reviews these recent trends and also discusses future directions for research on a range of topics that are central to current research in the demography of aging. Looking back over the past two decades of demography of aging research shows remarkable advances in our understanding of the health and well-being of the older population. Equally exciting is that this report sets the stage for the next two decades of innovative researchâ€"a period of rapid growth in the older American population.