Brain Organization Of Language And Cognitive Processes

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Brain Organization of Language and Cognitive Processes

Alfredo Ardila,Feggy Ostrosky-Solis
Brain Organization of Language and Cognitive Processes Book PDF

Author : Alfredo Ardila,Feggy Ostrosky-Solis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461307990

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Brain Organization of Language and Cognitive Processes by Alfredo Ardila,Feggy Ostrosky-Solis Pdf

Neuropsychology has presented a particularly formidable array of devel opments during recent years. The number of methods, theoretical ap proaches, and publications has been steadily increasing, permitting a step-by-step approach to a deeper understanding of the tremendously complex relationships existing between brain and behavior. This volume was planned as a collection of papers that, in one way or another, present new research and clinical perspectives or interpretations about brain-behavior relationships. Some chapters present new research in specific topics, others summarize the evidence for a particular the oretical position, and others simply review the area and suggest new perspectives of research. Consistent with the spirit in which the book was planned, the authors present and propose new avenues for developing neuropsychology and understanding the organization of cognitive activity. Part I is devoted to basic theoretical and technical approaches in studying brain organization of cognitive processes. Hanlon and Brown ("Microgenesis: Historical Review and Current Studies") present an over view of some clinical and experimental work from the standpoint of mi crogenetic theory. Microgenesis is considered to be the structural devel opment of a cognition through qualitatively different stages. The authors discuss the growing dissatisfaction with both the old center and pathway theories and the newer modular or componental accounts. They also ex plore how micro genesis can be extended to the interpretation of symp toms of brain damage in developing a structural model of hierarchic levels through which the process of cognitive function unfolds.

Language Functions and Brain Organization

S. J. Segalowitz
Language Functions and Brain Organization Book PDF

Author : S. J. Segalowitz
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 375 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2014-05-19
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781483295367

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Language Functions and Brain Organization by S. J. Segalowitz Pdf

Language Functions and Brain Organization

Language and Cognition

Kuniyoshi L. Sakai,Leonid Perlovsky
Language and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Kuniyoshi L. Sakai,Leonid Perlovsky
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2015-07-07
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889196272

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Language and Cognition by Kuniyoshi L. Sakai,Leonid Perlovsky Pdf

Interaction between language and cognition remains an unsolved scientific problem. What are the differences in neural mechanisms of language and cognition? Why do children acquire language by the age of six, while taking a lifetime to acquire cognition? What is the role of language and cognition in thinking? Is abstract cognition possible without language? Is language just a communication device, or is it fundamental in developing thoughts? Why are there no animals with human thinking but without human language? Combinations even among 100 words and 100 objects (multiple words can represent multiple objects) exceed the number of all the particles in the Universe, and it seems that no amount of experience would suffice to learn these associations. How does human brain overcome this difficulty? Since the 19th century we know about involvement of Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas in language. What new knowledge of language and cognition areas has been found with fMRI and other brain imaging methods? Every year we know more about their anatomical and functional/effective connectivity. What can be inferred about mechanisms of their interaction, and about their functions in language and cognition? Why does the human brain show hemispheric (i.e., left or right) dominance for some specific linguistic and cognitive processes? Is understanding of language and cognition processed in the same brain area, or are there differences in language-semantic and cognitive-semantic brain areas? Is the syntactic process related to the structure of our conceptual world? Chomsky has suggested that language is separable from cognition. On the opposite, cognitive and construction linguistics emphasized a single mechanism of both. Neither has led to a computational theory so far. Evolutionary linguistics has emphasized evolution leading to a mechanism of language acquisition, yet proposed approaches also lead to incomputable complexity. There are some more related issues in linguistics and language education as well. Which brain regions govern phonology, lexicon, semantics, and syntax systems, as well as their acquisitions? What are the differences in acquisition of the first and second languages? Which mechanisms of cognition are involved in reading and writing? Are different writing systems affect relations between language and cognition? Are there differences in language-cognition interactions among different language groups (such as Indo-European, Chinese, Japanese, Semitic) and types (different degrees of analytic-isolating, synthetic-inflected, fused, agglutinative features)? What can be learned from sign languages? Rizzolatti and Arbib have proposed that language evolved on top of earlier mirror-neuron mechanism. Can this proposal answer the unknown questions about language and cognition? Can it explain mechanisms of language-cognition interaction? How does it relate to known brain areas and their interactions identified in brain imaging? Emotional and conceptual contents of voice sounds in animals are fused. Evolution of human language has demanded splitting of emotional and conceptual contents and mechanisms, although language prosody still carries emotional content. Is it a dying-off remnant, or is it fundamental for interaction between language and cognition? If language and cognitive mechanisms differ, unifying these two contents requires motivation, hence emotions. What are these emotions? Can they be measured? Tonal languages use pitch contours for semantic contents, are there differences in language-cognition interaction among tonal and atonal languages? Are emotional differences among cultures exclusively cultural, or also depend on languages? Interaction of language and cognition is thus full of mysteries, and we encourage papers addressing any aspect of this topic.

Higher Level Language Processes in the Brain

Franz Schmalhofer,Charles A. Perfetti
Higher Level Language Processes in the Brain Book PDF

Author : Franz Schmalhofer,Charles A. Perfetti
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135605650

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Higher Level Language Processes in the Brain by Franz Schmalhofer,Charles A. Perfetti Pdf

Higher Level Language Processes in the Brain is a groundbreaking book that explains how behavior research, computational models, and brain imaging results can be unified in the study of human comprehension. The volume illustrates the most comprehensive and newest findings on the topic. Each section of the book nurtures the theoretical and practical integration of behavioral, computational, and brain imaging studies along a different avenue, and each is supplementary. Readers with limited background knowledge on the methods are presented with an easy-to-read, state-of-the-art exposition that is conceptualized and written from a well-established point of view. Higher Level Language Processes in the Brain is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate cognitive science students, as well as researchers and practitioners who seek to learn and apply scientific knowledge about human comprehension to reading analysis.

Language, Cognition, and the Brain

Karen Emmorey
Language Cognition and the Brain Book PDF

Author : Karen Emmorey
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 688 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2001-11-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135664800

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Language, Cognition, and the Brain by Karen Emmorey Pdf

Once signed languages are recognized as natural human languages, a world of exploration opens up. Signed languages provide a powerful tool for investigating the nature of human language and language processing, the relation between cognition and language, and the neural organization of language. The value of sign languages lies in their modality. Specifically, for perception, signed languages depend upon high-level vision and motion processing systems, and for production, they require the integration of motor systems involving the hands and face. These facts raise many questions: What impact does this different biological base have for grammatical systems? For online language processing? For the acquisition of language? How does it affect nonlinguistic cognitive structures and processing? Are the same neural systems involved? These are some of the questions that this book aims at addressing. The answers provide insight into what constrains grammatical form, language processing, linguistic working memory, and hemispheric specialization for language. The study of signed languages allows researchers to address questions about the nature of linguistic and cognitive systems that otherwise could not be easily addressed.

The Cognitive and Neural Organisation of Speech Processing

Patti Adank,Carolyn McGettigan,Sonja A E Kotz
The Cognitive and Neural Organisation of Speech Processing Book PDF

Author : Patti Adank,Carolyn McGettigan,Sonja A E Kotz
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2016-03-18
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889197750

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The Cognitive and Neural Organisation of Speech Processing by Patti Adank,Carolyn McGettigan,Sonja A E Kotz Pdf

Speech production and perception are two of the most complex actions humans perform. The processing of speech is studied across various fields and using a wide variety of research approaches. These fields include, but are not limited to, (socio)linguistics, phonetics, cognitive psychology, neurophysiology, and cognitive neuroscience. Research approaches range from behavioural studies to neuroimaging techniques such as Magnetoencephalography, electroencephalography (MEG/EEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), as well as neurophysiological approaches, such as the recording of Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). Each of these approaches provides valuable information about specific aspects of speech processing. Behavioural testing can inform about the nature of the cognitive processes involved in speech processing, neuroimaging methods show where (fMRI and MEG) in the brain these processes take place and/or elucidate on the time-course of activation of these brain areas (EEG and MEG), while neurophysiological methods (MEPs and TMS) can assess critical involvement of brain regions in the cognitive process. Yet, what is currently unclear is how speech researchers can combine methods such that a convergent approach adds to theory/model formulation, above and beyond the contribution of individual component methods? We expect that such combinations of approaches will significantly forward theoretical development in the field. The present research topic comprise a collection of manuscripts discussing the cognitive and neural organisation of speech processing, including speech production and perception at the level of individual speech sounds, syllables, words, and sentences. Our goal was to use findings from a variety of disciplines, perspectives, and approaches to gain a more complete picture of the organisation of speech processing. The contributions are grouped around the following five main themes: 1) Spoken language comprehension under difficult listening conditions; 2) Sub-lexical processing; 3) Sensorimotor processing of speech; 4) Speech production. The contributions used a variety of research approaches, including behavioural experiments, fMRI, EEG, MEG, and TMS. Twelve of the 14 contributions were on speech perception processing, and the remaining two examined speech production. This Research Topic thus displays a wide variety of topics and research methods and this comprehensive approach allows an integrative understanding of currently available evidence as well as the identification of concrete venues for future research.

The Neurocognition of Language

Colin M. Brown,Peter Hagoort
The Neurocognition of Language Book PDF

Author : Colin M. Brown,Peter Hagoort
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1999-09-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780191587184

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The Neurocognition of Language by Colin M. Brown,Peter Hagoort Pdf

An important and captivating book, one that has been long awaited by all researchers interested in language and the brain.' Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1999. The Neurocognition of Language brings together experts on human language and the brain to present the first critical overview of the cognitive neuroscience of language, one of the fastest-moving and most exciting areas today. In-depth discussion of the representations and structures of language, as well as of the cognitive architectures which underlie speaking, listening, and reading, will provide a basis for future brain imaging research. In addition, the existing brain imaging literature on word and sentence processing is critically reviewed, as well as contributions from brain lesion data. Finally, the book discusses the prospects and problems of brain imaging techniques for the study of language, presents some of the most recent and promising analytic procedures for relating brain imaging data to the higher cognitive functions, and contains a review of the neuroanatomical structure of Broca's language area. Uniquely interdisciplinary, this book will provide researchers and students in cognitive neuroscience with state-of-the-art reviews of the major language functions, while being of equal interest to researchers in linguistics and language who want to learn about the neural bases of language. It will be an essential purchase for anyone requiring an overview of our current understanding of the relation between language and the brain.

Discovering the Brain

National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman
Discovering the Brain Book PDF

Author : National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1992-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309045292

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Discovering the Brain by National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman Pdf

The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics

Barbara Dancygier
The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics Book PDF

Author : Barbara Dancygier
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 1427 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2017-06-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781108146135

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The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics by Barbara Dancygier Pdf

The best survey of cognitive linguistics available, this Handbook provides a thorough explanation of its rich methodology, key results, and interdisciplinary context. With in-depth coverage of the research questions, basic concepts, and various theoretical approaches, the Handbook addresses newly emerging subfields and shows their contribution to the discipline. The Handbook introduces fields of study that have become central to cognitive linguistics, such as conceptual mappings and construction grammar. It explains all the main areas of linguistic analysis traditionally expected in a full linguistics framework, and includes fields of study such as language acquisition, sociolinguistics, diachronic studies, and corpus linguistics. Setting linguistic facts within the context of many other disciplines, the Handbook will be welcomed by researchers and students in a broad range of disciplines, including linguistics, cognitive science, neuroscience, gesture studies, computational linguistics, and multimodal studies.

Neural Mechanisms of Language

Maria Mody
Neural Mechanisms of Language Book PDF

Author : Maria Mody
Publisher : Springer
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2017-10-24
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781493973255

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Neural Mechanisms of Language by Maria Mody Pdf

This important volume brings together significant findings on the neural bases of spoken language –its processing, use, and organization, including its phylogenetic roots. Employing a potent mix of conceptual and neuroimaging-based approaches, contributors delve deeply into specialized structures of the speech system, locating sensory and cognitive mechanisms involved in listening and comprehension, grasping meanings and storing memories. The novel perspectives revise familiar models by tracing linguistic interactions within and between neural systems, homing in on the brain’s semantic network, exploring the neuroscience behind bilingualism and multilingual fluency, and even making a compelling case for a more nuanced participation of the motor system in speech. From these advances, readers have a more three-dimensional picture of the brain—its functional epicenters, its connections, and the whole—as the seat of language in both wellness and disorders. Included in the topics: · The interaction between storage and computation in morphosyntactic processing. · The role of language in structure-dependent cognition. · Multisensory integration in speech processing: neural mechanisms of cross-modal after-effect. · A neurocognitive view of the bilingual brain. · Causal modeling: methods and their application to speech and language. · A word in the hand: the gestural origins of language. Neural Mechanisms of Language presents a sophisticated mix of detail and creative approaches to understanding brain structure and function, giving neuropsychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, developmental psychologists, cognitive psychologists, and speech/language pathologists new windows onto the research shaping their respective fields.

Neuropsychology of Language, Reading and Spelling

Ursula Kirk
Neuropsychology of Language Reading and Spelling Book PDF

Author : Ursula Kirk
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780323156684

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Neuropsychology of Language, Reading and Spelling by Ursula Kirk Pdf

Neuropsychology of Language, Reading, and Spelling explores the many neural systems and subsystems that contribute to the production and comprehension of oral and written language. This book is organized into five parts encompassing 12 chapters that emerged from the 1980 International Conference on the Neuropsychology of Language, Reading, and Spelling, sponsored by the Program in Neurosciences and Education at Teachers College, Columbia University. This conference highlights the neurological and behavioral interrelatedness of language, reading, and spelling. After briefly dealing with the cognitive and language development, as well as learning to read and to spell as instances of acquiring skill, this book goes on discussing the activity of the learner in the development skill, the influence of interacting forces in the developing nervous systems, and the role of peripheral mechanisms in the development of speech and language. A chapter examines the central integrative mechanisms, specifically the electrophysiological research with infants on the dependence of language perception on multidimensional, complexes processes, and not solely as a left- or right-hemisphere task. This chapter also provides evidence of discrete localization of language processes within the dominant hemisphere at both cortical and subcortical levels. The final four chapters are devoted to an analysis of developmental disorders from the varied perspectives of neurology, linguistics, neuropsychology, and education. This book will be of value to neuropsychologists and developmental biologists.

Language and the Brain

Loraine K. Obler,Kris Gjerlow
Language and the Brain Book PDF

Author : Loraine K. Obler,Kris Gjerlow
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0521466415

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Language and the Brain by Loraine K. Obler,Kris Gjerlow Pdf

An introduction to neurolinguistics showing how language is organized in the brain.

The Languages of the Brain

Emily Fisher-Landau Professor of Neurology (Neuroscience) Albert M Galaburda,Albert M. Galaburda,Stephen Michael Kosslyn,Stephen M. Kosslyn,Yves Christen
The Languages of the Brain Book PDF

Author : Emily Fisher-Landau Professor of Neurology (Neuroscience) Albert M Galaburda,Albert M. Galaburda,Stephen Michael Kosslyn,Stephen M. Kosslyn,Yves Christen
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2002-12-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780674007727

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The Languages of the Brain by Emily Fisher-Landau Professor of Neurology (Neuroscience) Albert M Galaburda,Albert M. Galaburda,Stephen Michael Kosslyn,Stephen M. Kosslyn,Yves Christen Pdf

The only way we can convey our thoughts to another person is through verbal language. Does this imply that our thoughts ultimately rely on words? This text takes the contrary position, arguing that many possible 'languages of thought' play different roles in the life of the mind.

Automaticity and Control in Language Processing

Antje Meyer,Linda Wheeldon,Andrea Krott
Automaticity and Control in Language Processing Book PDF

Author : Antje Meyer,Linda Wheeldon,Andrea Krott
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 538 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2007-01-24
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135419660

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Automaticity and Control in Language Processing by Antje Meyer,Linda Wheeldon,Andrea Krott Pdf

The use of language is a fundamental component of much of our day-to-day life. Language often co-occurs with other activities with which it must be coordinated. This raises the question of whether the cognitive processes involved in planning spoken utterances and in understanding them are autonomous or whether they are affected by, and perhaps affect, non-linguistic cognitive processes, with which they might share processing resources. This question is the central concern of Automaticity and Control in Language Processing. The chapters address key issues concerning the relationship between linguistic and non-linguistic processes, including: How can the degree of automaticity of a component be defined? Which linguistic processes are truly automatic, and which require processing capacity? Through which mechanisms can control processes affect linguistic performance? How might these mechanisms be represented in the brain? How do limitations in working memory and executive control capacity affect linguistic performance and language re-learning in persons with brain damage? This important collection from leading international researchers will be of great interest to researchers and students in the area.

Nonverbal Perceptual and Cognitive Processes in Children With Language Disorders

Walter Bischofberger,F‚licie Affolter
Nonverbal Perceptual and Cognitive Processes in Children With Language Disorders Book PDF

Author : Walter Bischofberger,F‚licie Affolter
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2000-11-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781135670191

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Nonverbal Perceptual and Cognitive Processes in Children With Language Disorders by Walter Bischofberger,F‚licie Affolter Pdf

A growing body of literature is suggesting that many children with language disorders and delays--even those with so-called specific language impairment--have difficulties in other domains as well. In this pathbreaking book, the authors draw on more than 40 years of research and clinical observations of populations ranging from various groups of children to adults with brain damage to construct a comprehensive model for the development of the interrelated skills involved in language performance, and trace the crucial implications of this model for intervention. Early tactual feedback, they argue, is more critical for the perceptual/cognitive organization of experiences that constitutes a foundation for language development than either visual or auditory input, and the importance of tactually-anchored nonverbal interaction cannot be ignored if efforts at treatment are to be successful. All those professionally involved in work with children and adults with language problems will find the authors' model provocative and useful.