Bridge Pressure Flow Scour For Clear Water Conditions

Author : U.s. Department of Transportation,Federal Highway Administration
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2015-03-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1508811032

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Bridge Pressure Flow Scour for Clear Water Conditions by U.s. Department of Transportation,Federal Highway Administration Pdf

Bridges are a vital component of the transportation network. Evaluating their stability and structural response after a flood event is critical to highway safety. Bridge studies are usually designed with an assumption of an open channel flow condition, but the flow regime can switch to pressure flow when the downstream edge of a bridge deck is partially or totally submerged during a large flood. Figure 1 shows a bridge undergoing partially submerged flow in Salt Creek, NE, in June 2008. Figure 2 shows a totally submerged flow in Cedar River, IA, in June 2008, which interrupted traffic on I-80. Unlike open channel flows, these pressure flows create a severe scourability potential because scouring the channel bed is one of the only ways to dissipate the energy when passing a given discharge in pressurized flow. Although most bridge scour events are due to live bed scour, a maximum scour depth often results from clear water flows with a critical approach velocity for bedload motion. For bridge safety, this report emphasizes the equilibrium maximum scour of pressure flows in extreme clear water conditions. The objectives of the study were to collect a detailed high-quality dataset of pressure flow scour at a model bridge and to develop an analytical solution for pressure flow scour based on mass and energy conservation laws. To these ends, existing results in the literature were reviewed, and knowledge gaps were identified. Next, a series of flume experiments were conducted to examine the existing methods and test new hypotheses on bridge pressure flow scour. After, bridge flows were divided into three cases, and the mass and energy conservation laws were applied to each case, leading to hypotheses for pressure flow scour predictions. The hypotheses were tested with the flume data. In this report, an example procedure for calculating the maximum scour depth and scour profile is presented along with recommended research needs.

Author : U.s. Department of Transportation,Federal Highway Administration
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2015-03-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1508810826

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Submerged Flow Bridge Scour Under Clear Water Conditions by U.s. Department of Transportation,Federal Highway Administration Pdf

Pressure flow (also known as vertical contraction) scour occurs when a bridge deck is insufficiently high such that the bridge superstructure becomes a barrier to the flow, causing the flow to vertically contract as it passes under the deck. A bridge deck is considered partially submerged when the lowest structural element of the bridge is in contact with the flowing water but the water is not sufficiently high to overtop the bridge deck. It is considered fully submerged when a portion of the flow overtops the bridge deck. Pressure flow generally only occurs in extreme flood events, but these types of events are relevant for estimation of scour. When flow is sufficiently high so that it begins to approach the elevation of the bridge deck, some of the flow may be diverted laterally to the bridge approaches. Since the bridge approaches are often lower than the bridge deck, this diversion may reduce the scour potential under the bridge. Designers must evaluate the effects of scour under the bridge as well as potential damage caused by flow diversion. An experimentally and numerically calibrated scour model was developed in this study to calculate the maximum clear water scour depth in non-cohesive bed materials under different deck inundation conditions. The theoretical formulation of the model is based on the conservation of mass of the water passing underneath the bridge deck. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to validate assumptions used in the derivation and verify calibration of parameters included in the scour model. As one of the important parameters in the pressure flow scour model, the separation zone thickness in the bridge opening was formulated analytically, calibrated experimentally, and verified by PIV and CFD analyses. The maximum scour depth was calculated by identifying the total bridge opening that resulted in the average velocity in the opening that is equal to the critical velocity of the bed material. This report summarizes a literature review on pressure scour and describes the physical and theoretical foundation for the model formulation. The newly collected flume data as well as PIV and CFD analyses are summarized. The model formulation is refined, tested, and compared to other approaches used to estimate pressure scour. Recommendations for model application are also provided.

Author : Everett V. Richardson,Peter F. Lagasse
Publisher : ASCE Publications
Page : 1076 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0784474656

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Stream Stability and Scour at Highway Bridges by Everett V. Richardson,Peter F. Lagasse Pdf

Sponsored by the Water Resources Engineering (Hydraulics) Divsion of ASCE. This collection contains 75 papers and 321 abstracts presented at conferences sponsored by the Water Resources Engineering (Hydraulics) Division of ASCE from 1991 through 1998. The collection contains many new and expanded versions of the original papers and is designed to assist the practitioner with the concepts in evaluating stream instability and scour at bridges. Topics include: history of bridge scour research; bridge scour determination; stream stability and geomorphology; construction scour; instrumentation for measuring and monitoring; field measurement; computer and physical modeling of bridge scour; scour at culverts; and economic and risk analysis. One important paper contains 384 field measurements of local scour at piers made by the U.S. Geological Survey.

Author : Liang Cheng,Scott Draper,Hongwei An
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 834 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2014-11-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781315723594

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Scour and Erosion by Liang Cheng,Scott Draper,Hongwei An Pdf

The 7th International Conference on Scour and Erosion (ICSE 2014) was organised by the School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering and the Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems at the University of Western Australia under the guidance of the Technical Committee 213 for Scour and Erosion of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and

Author : P. V. Timbadiya,P. L. Patel,Vijay P. Singh,Bandita Barman
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 601 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2023-06-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811991516

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Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics by P. V. Timbadiya,P. L. Patel,Vijay P. Singh,Bandita Barman Pdf

This book comprises the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Hydraulics, Water Resources and Coastal Engineering (HYDRO 2021) focusing on broad spectrum of emerging opportunities and challenges in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics. It covers a range of topics, including, but not limited to, experimental and computational fluid mechanics, sediment dynamics, environmental impact assessment of water resources projects, environmental flows, pollutant transport, etc. Presenting recent advances in the form of illustrations, tables, and text, it offers readers insights for their own research. In addition, the book addresses fundamental concepts and studies in the field of flood forecasting and hydraulic structures, making it a valuable resource for both beginners and researchers wanting to further their understanding of hydraulics, water resources and coastal engineering.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Electronic
ISBN : UOM:39015075370562

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FHWA Nationally Coordinated Program of Highway Research, Development, and Technology. Annual Progress Report. Fiscal Year 1993 by Anonim Pdf

Author : G.J.C.M. Hoffmans,H.J. Verheij
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000347302

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Scour Manual by G.J.C.M. Hoffmans,H.J. Verheij Pdf

Ever since the publication in 1997 the original Scour Manual has helped many practising hydraulic engineers to deal with scour processes near hydraulic structures. In recent years new insights, such as probabilistic calculations, offered new opportunities to design structures more economically. These new insights are included in this update of the original Scour Manual, which is focussing entirely on current-related scour. This manual provides the engineer with useful practical methods to calculate the dimensions of scour holes in the pre-feasibility and preliminary stages of a project, and gives an introduction to the most relevant literature. This updated Scour Manual contains guidelines that can be used to solve problems related to scour in engineering practice and also reflects the main results of all research projects in the Netherlands in recent decades. The so-called Breusers equilibrium method has a central role, which can basically be applied to all situations where local scour is expected. The method allows to predict the scour depth as a function of time, provided that the available knowledge about scour at the specific structure is sufficient. For structures with insufficient knowledge available, alternative scour prediction rules are presented. The treatment of local scour is classified according to the different types of structures. Each type of structure is necessarily schematised to a simple, basic layout. The main parameters of a structure and the main parts of the flow pattern near a structure are described briefly insofar they are relevant to the description of scour phenomena. New scour formulas for the equilibrium scour have been elucidated. Evaluating a balance of forces for a control volume, it is possible to develop scour equations for different types of flow fields and structures, i.e. jets, abutments and bridge piers. As many scour problems are still not fully understood, attention is paid to the validity ranges and limitations of the formulas, as well as to the accuracy of the scour predictions. This information can also be used to carry out a risk assessment using a safety philosophy based on a probabilistic analysis or an approach with a safety factor. Moreover, the information on the strength of soils is extended and aspects are addressed such as scour due to shear failures or flow slides, that can progressively damage the bed protection which might lead to the failure of hydraulic structures. This updated Scour Manual presents scour prediction methods and deals with practically related scour problems. Consultants and contractors were invited to provide case studies of realized projects, including the methods that were followed. These case studies will help with grasping the concept of scour by the flow of water. This manual provides the engineer with the latest knowledge and with case studies that show how to apply the formulas and their limitations.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Hydrology
ISBN : MINN:31951P00688893S

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Water-resources Investigations Report by Anonim Pdf

Author : Edward E. Fischer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Bridges
ISBN : UCR:31210025352418

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Potential-scour Assessments and Estimates of Maximum Scour at Selected Bridges in Iowa by Edward E. Fischer Pdf

Author : Steven R. Holnbeck,Charles Parrett
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Bridges
ISBN : UCR:31210010703674

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Method for Rapid Estimation of Scour at Highway Bridges Based on Limited Site Data by Steven R. Holnbeck,Charles Parrett Pdf

Author : A. Osman Akan
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2011-02-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780080479804

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Open Channel Hydraulics by A. Osman Akan Pdf

Open Channel Hydraulics is written for undergraduate and graduate civil engineering students, and practicing engineers. Written in clear and simple language, it introduces and explains all the main topics required for courses on open channel flows, using numerous worked examples to illustrate the key points. With coverage of both introduction to flows, practical guidance to the design of open channels, and more advanced topics such as bridge hydraulics and the problem of scour, Professor Akan's book offers an unparalleled user-friendly study of this important subject ·Clear and simple style suited for undergraduates and graduates alike ·Many solved problems and worked examples ·Practical and accessible guide to key aspects of open channel flow

Author : Harindra Joseph Fernando
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 591 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781466556010

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Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Volume Two by Harindra Joseph Fernando Pdf

With major implications for applied physics, engineering, and the natural and social sciences, the rapidly growing area of environmental fluid dynamics focuses on the interactions of human activities, environment, and fluid motion. A landmark for the field, the two-volume Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics presents the basic principles, fundamental flow processes, modeling techniques, and measurement methods used in the study of environmental motions. It also offers critical discussions of environmental sustainability related to engineering. The handbook features 81 chapters written by 135 renowned researchers from around the world. Covering environmental, policy, biological, and chemical aspects, it tackles important cross-disciplinary topics such as sustainability, ecology, pollution, micrometeorology, and limnology. Volume Two: Systems, Pollution, Modeling, and Measurements explores the interactions between engineered structures and anthropogenic activities that affect natural flows, with particular emphasis on environmental pollution. The book covers the numerical methodologies that underpin research, predictive modeling, and cyber-infrastructure developments. It also addresses practical aspects of laboratory experiments and field observations that validate quantitative predictions and help identify new phenomena and processes. As communities face existential challenges posed by climate change, rapid urbanization, and scarcity of water and energy, the study of environmental fluid dynamics becomes increasingly relevant. This volume is a valuable resource for students, researchers, and policymakers working to better understand environmental motions and how they affect and are influenced by anthropogenic activities. See also Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Two-Volume Set and Volume One: Overview and Fundamentals.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Geological surveys
ISBN : STANFORD:36105019029953

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U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report by Anonim Pdf

Author : Harindra Joseph Fernando
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 1222 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781466591141

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Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Two-Volume Set by Harindra Joseph Fernando Pdf

With major implications for applied physics, engineering, and the natural and social sciences, the rapidly growing area of environmental fluid dynamics focuses on the interactions of human activities, environment, and fluid motion. A landmark for the field, this two-volume Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics presents the basic principles, fund

Author : Bruce W. Melville,Stephen E. Coleman
Publisher : Water Resources Publication
Page : 586 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1887201181

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Bridge Scour by Bruce W. Melville,Stephen E. Coleman Pdf

"A comprehensive state-of-the-art treatment of scour and bridge foundations - both a handy reference text and a manual for the practicing bridge designer."--Publisher.