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Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1921
Category : Commerce
ISBN : LCCN:49023235
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1921
Category : Commerce
ISBN : UOM:39015068037202
Author : International Chamber of Commerce
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 546 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1960
Category : Commerce
ISBN : MINN:31951002232348F
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1921
Category : Commerce
ISBN : UOM:39015068037103
Author : Mikaël Schinazi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021-12-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108835176
A history of modern international commercial arbitration theory and practice from the eighteenth century to the present day.
Author : Arvid Aage Skaar
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 957 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-19
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403520643
A new edition of the preeminent work on the permanent establishment (PE) is a major event in tax law scholarship. Taking into account changes in judicial and administrative practice as well as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD’s) and the United Nation’s (UN’s) work in the three decades since the first edition, the present study brings the analysis up to date with the current internationally accepted interpretation of PE. The analysis is based on more than 720 cases from more than 20 countries, in addition to the OECD and UN model treaties and more than 630 books, articles, and official documents. The increased significance of the digital economy has rendered the traditional concept of PE inadequate for the allocation of taxing jurisdiction over the modern, mobile or digital international business. The author’s in-depth analysis explains the legal elements of the PE principle with attention to their continuing benefit and their shortcomings: criteria defining a PE- place of business, location, right of use, duration, business connection, business activity, ordinary course of business; evidence of a right of use to a place of business; business activities included in the PE concept of the tax treaties; identification of projects offshore and onshore; UN model treaty deviations from the OECD agency clause; distinction between jurisdictions with significant natural resources and countries possessing the capital, technology and know-how necessary to explore and exploit these resources; and how policies in each country may erode the PE concept. The book provides many synopses of court decisions and administrative rulings upon which the analysis is based. In addition to cases previously published in law reports and other publications, a number of unpublished decisions are included. A key word index makes it easy to find what is needed in any particular matter. The PE principle, in one version or another, is used in several thousand tax treaties in force today. This updated comprehensive study reveals the obligations imposed through the use of PE in tax treaties and will continue to be of immeasurable value to tax practitioners and scholars worldwide. In addition, the discussion of whether the notion of PE is an appropriate criterion for taxing jurisdiction in international fiscal law today provides authoritative and insightful food for thought.
Author : Frank Schipper
Publisher : Amsterdam University Press
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789052603087
Today we can hardly imagine life in Europe without roads and theautomobiles that move people and goods around. In fact, the vastmajority of movement in Europe takes place on the road. Travelersuse the car to explore parts of the continent on their holidays,and goods travel large distances to reach consumers. Indeed, thetwentieth century has deservedly been characteried as the centuryof the car. The situation looked very different around 1900.People crossing national borders by car encountered multiplehurdles on their way. Technically, they imported their vehicleinto a neighboring country and had to pay astronomic importduties. Often they needed to pass a driving test in each countrythey visited. Early on, automobile and touring clubs sought tomake life easier for traveling motorists.International negotiations tackled the problems arising fromdiffering regulations. The resulting volume describes everythingfrom the standardied traffic signs that saved human lives on theroad to the Europabus taking tourists from Stockholm to Romein the 1950s. Driving Europe offers a highly original portrait of aEurope built on roads in the course of the twentieth century.
Author : Stefan Kröll,Andrea Bjorklund,Franco Ferrari
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 3006 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2023-03-02
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781009302388
The Compendium, like an encyclopedia, contains entries for most of the foundational principles and concepts underlying arbitration. Each entry takes a holistic view of international arbitration, as they tackle core concepts from both a commercial and an investment arbitration perspective, focusing on the fundamental issues underlying the various topics rather than on the solutions adopted in any particular jurisdiction, thus making the Compendium a truly cross-border, transnational resource. This innovative approach will allow readers to identify the commonalities as well as the differences between commercial and investment arbitration, whether and where cross-fertilization has taken place and what consequences it can have. This approach allows the Compendium to be a tool in promoting the creation of a culture of international arbitration that considers commercial arbitration and investment arbitration as part of a whole but with certain distinct features particular to each.
Author : University of California, Berkeley. Library
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1064 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1963
Category : Library catalogs
ISBN : STANFORD:36105117172978
Author : Alfonso Gómez-Acebo
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2016-04-26
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041166852
The agreement of disputing parties to each make a unilateral appointment of an arbitrator is among the most distinctive features of arbitral practice. A detailed examination, long overdue, of how this feature affects the actual process of arbitration is presented in this book. The study includes a historical analysis of unilateral nominations, a critical assessment of how the unilateral appointments system currently works and an empirical study of challenges of arbitrators. The author's critical assessment addresses several issues including: - limits to the right of the parties to make unilateral appointments; - the principle of equality of the parties in the constitution of the arbitral tribunal; - arbitrators’ duty to be impartial and independent; - specific problems of bias in tribunals with party-appointed members; - the question of whether a different standard of impartiality and independence in party-appointed arbitrators makes any sense; - the presumption that party-appointed arbitrators can do things that presiding arbitrators cannot; and - the question of whether it is worth keeping the system of unilateral appointments as the default method for the constitution of multiple-member tribunals, or keeping it at all. The empirical study, in which the author offers a comparative analysis of challenges of arbitrators taking into account the method of appointment of the arbitrator, reveals interesting differences and coincidences between party-appointed and non-party-appointed arbitrators. The book ends with some suggestions on how the system of unilateral appointments could be improved, namely in order to increase the trust of each party in the arbitrator appointed by the other party and to allow an accurate match between what arbitration end-users may want from party-appointed arbitrators and what they ultimately get. For both its thorough and well-informed analysis and its sound recommendations, the book is sure to be welcomed by professionals in the arbitral community worldwide, as well as by arbitration law academics.
Author : Luzius U. Cavelti
Publisher : Stämpfli Verlag
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2016-10-27
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783727259708
Why is international cooperation on taxation so difficult to achieve? The problems in international taxation arise from a sovereignty conflict between the country in which the income originates (source country) and the country in which the recipient of the income resides (residence country). This book explores the equally valid sovereign tax claims of source and of residence countries and highlights the incompatibility of these concurrent tax claims. The resulting incoherence between source and residence countries distorts taxation of cross-border income to a point where it not only creates discriminations but challenges the fundamental principles of international taxation in itself. This is an essential dilemma of international tax policy. And yet, given the profound role the power to tax plays in exercising sovereignty, are governments able, or even willing, to eliminate this essential dilemma?
Author : William W. Park
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 1096 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2012-09-20
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780191634819
Arbitration of International Business Disputes 2nd edition is a fully revised and updated anthology of essays by Rusty Park, a leading scholar in international arbitration and a sought-after arbitrator for both commercial and investment treaty cases. This collection focuses on controversial questions in arbitration of trade, financial, and investment disputes. The essays address some of the most interesting topics in cross-border business dispute resolution, many of which have endured over several decades and remain subject to radically different views. Examples include the proper role of judicial review, the allocation of jurisdictional tasks, evolution of arbitration's statutory and treaty framework, free trade and bilateral investment agreements, and the balance between fixed rules and arbitral discretion. The book is structured around three themes: arbitration's legal framework; the conduct of arbitral proceedings; and a comparison of arbitration in specific fields such as finance, intellectual property, and taxation. In each of these areas, analysis includes the tensions between fairness and efficiency, and the accurate application of substantive law as well as the implications of mandatory procedural norms. Augmented by more than a dozen new contributions and a revised introduction, this 2nd edition retains all of its earlier practical and scholarly relevance, and includes a Foreword by V. V. (Johnny) Veeder QC.
Author : Alec Stone Sweet,Florian Grisel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2017-02-03
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780191060236
The development of international arbitration as an autonomous legal order comprises one of the most remarkable stories of institution building at the global level over the past century. Today, transnational firms and states settle their most important commercial and investment disputes not in courts, but in arbitral centres, a tightly networked set of organizations that compete with one another for docket, resources, and influence. In this book, Alec Stone Sweet and Florian Grisel show that international arbitration has undergone a self-sustaining process of institutional evolution that has steadily enhanced arbitral authority. This judicialization process was sustained by the explosion of trade and investment, which generated a steady stream of high stakes disputes, and the efforts of elite arbitrators and the major centres to construct arbitration as a viable substitute for litigation in domestic courts. For their part, state officials (as legislators and treaty makers), and national judges (as enforcers of arbitral awards), have not just adapted to the expansion of arbitration; they have heavily invested in it, extending the arbitral order's reach and effectiveness. Arbitration's very success has, nonetheless, raised serious questions about its legitimacy as a mode of transnational governance. The book provides a clear causal theory of judicialization, original data collection and analysis, and a broad, relatively non-technical overview of the evolution of the arbitral order. Each chapter compares international commercial and investor-state arbitration, across clearly specified measures of judicialization and governance. Topics include: the evolution of procedures; the development of precedent and the demand for appeal; balancing in the public interest; legitimacy debates and proposals for systemic reform. This book is a timely assessment of how arbitration has risen to become a key component of international economic law and why its future is far from settled.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 616 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Union catalogs
ISBN : WISC:89015292295
Includes entries for maps and atlases.
Author : Mark Duckenfield
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351574426
After the collapse of the Doha Development Round of the World Trade Organization talks, agricultural subsidies and market liberalization went high on the political agenda. This work features historical documents that address the thorny relationship between trade and politics, the appropriate role of international regulation, and domestic concerns.