Building The Tatmadaw

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Building the Tatmadaw

Maung Aung Myoe
Building the Tatmadaw Book PDF

Author : Maung Aung Myoe
Publisher : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2009-01-22
Category : History
ISBN : 9789812308481

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Building the Tatmadaw by Maung Aung Myoe Pdf

Ever since Myanmar regained her independence in January 1948, the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces) has been crucial in restoring and maintaining law and order. It is one of the most important institutions in Myanmar politics. Various aspects of the Tatmadaw have been studied. The most notable area of study has been the political role of the military. This study looks at the organizational development of the Myanmar armed forces. It analyses four different aspects of the Tatmadaw: military doctrine and strategy, organization and force structure, armament and force modernization, and military training and officer education. It sets out security perceptions and policies, charting developments in each phase against the situation at the time, and also notes the contributions of the leading actors in the process. Since early 1990s, the Tatmadaw has implemented a force modernization programme. This work studies rationales and strategy behind the force modernization programme and examines the military capabilities of the Tatmadaw. Drawing extensively from archival sources and existing literature, this empirically grounded research argues that, while the internal armed security threat to the state continues to play an important role, it is the external security threat that gives more weight to the expansion and modernization of the Tatmadaw since 1988. It also argues that, despite its imperfections, the Tatmadaw has transformed from a force essentially for counter-insurgency operations into a force capable of fighting in limited conventional warfare.

Making Enemies

Mary Patricia Callahan
Making Enemies Book PDF

Author : Mary Patricia Callahan
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Burma
ISBN : 0801472679

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Making Enemies by Mary Patricia Callahan Pdf

The Burmese army took political power in Burma in 1962 and has ruled the country ever since. The persistence of this government--even in the face of long-term nonviolent opposition led by activist Aung San Suu Kyi, who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991--has puzzled scholars. In a book relevant to current debates about democratization, Mary P. Callahan seeks to explain the extraordinary durability of the Burmese military regime. In her view, the origins of army rule are to be found in the relationship between war and state formation.Burma's colonial past had seen a large imbalance between the military and civil sectors. That imbalance was accentuated soon after formal independence by one of the earliest and most persistent covert Cold War conflicts, involving CIA-funded Kuomintang incursions across the Burmese border into the People's Republic of China. Because this raised concerns in Rangoon about the possibility of a showdown with Communist China, the Burmese Army received even more autonomy and funding to protect the integrity of the new nation-state.The military transformed itself during the late 1940s and the 1950s from a group of anticolonial guerrilla bands into the professional force that seized power in 1962. The army edged out all other state and social institutions in the competition for national power. Making Enemies draws upon Callahan's interviews with former military officers and her archival work in Burmese libraries and halls of power. Callahan's unparalleled access allows her to correct existing explanations of Burmese authoritarianism and to supply new information about the coups of 1958 and 1962.

The Military in Burma/Myanmar

David I Steinberg
The Military in Burma Myanmar Book PDF

Author : David I Steinberg
Publisher : ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2021-05-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789814951722

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The Military in Burma/Myanmar by David I Steinberg Pdf

The Myanmar military has dominated that complex country for most of the period since independence in 1948. The fourth coup of 1 February 2021 was the latest by the military to control those aspects of society it deemed essential to its own interests, and its perception of state interests. The military’s institutional power was variously maintained by rule by decree, through political parties it founded and controlled, and through constitutional provisions it wrote that could not be amended without its approval. This fourth coup seems a product of personal demands for power between Senior General Min Aung Hlaing and Aung San Suu Kyi, and the especially humiliating defeat of the military-backed party at the hands of the National League for Democracy in the November 2020 elections. The violent and bloody suppression of widespread demonstrations continues, compromise seems unlikely, and the previous diarchic governance will not return. Myanmar’s political and economic future is endangered and suppression will only result in future outbreaks of political frustration.

The Kachin Conflict

Carine Jaquet
The Kachin Conflict Book PDF

Author : Carine Jaquet
Publisher : Institut de recherche sur l’Asie du Sud-Est contemporaine
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2018-07-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9782355960154

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The Kachin Conflict by Carine Jaquet Pdf

Fighting in Kachin state flared back up just months after President Thien Sein came to power in March 2011. The new government almost immediately began negotiating a series of peace agreements with ethnic armed groups declaring that the signature of a nationwide ceasefire with all ethnic armed groups would be a priority for this first civilian administration. By convincing the majority of groups involved in armed struggle against the Tatmadaw to sign ceasefire agreements, the predominantly civilian government succeeded in winning some credibility, both nationally and internationally. At the same time, several old fault lines have re-emerged, among them the conflict in Kachin and Northern Shan States. The roots of the conflict in Kachin State between the KIO and government troops go back to grievances over control of the territory (and its lucrative natural resources) and the preservation of ethnic identity after the end of British colonial rule in 1948. The rekindling of this old conflict, after seventeen years of ceasefire, serves as a powerful reminder of the fragility of certain aspects of the transition process. The setback to conflict and blockage of peace process with the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO) and its Army (KIA) show that some structural political issues remain, such as the recognition of local power structures and decentralization. While much has been written in the media about the legal, economic, and political reforms in Myanmar; academic research about the Kachin Conflict, as well as firsthand information remains scarce. Analyzing the causes of the conflict and current impediments to peace in Kachin territories provides an illustration of the limits of the transition process. This research examines the personal experiences of a strong sample of influential Kachin people, shows the complexity of notions of war and peace in the collective Kachin memory, as well as the reinterpretation of these by local leadership for political ends.

Praetorians, Profiteers or Professionals?

Michael J Montesano,Terence Chong,Prajak Kongkirati
Praetorians Profiteers or Professionals Book PDF

Author : Michael J Montesano,Terence Chong,Prajak Kongkirati
Publisher : ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789814881760

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Praetorians, Profiteers or Professionals? by Michael J Montesano,Terence Chong,Prajak Kongkirati Pdf

Praetorians, Profiteers or Professionals? contributes to the ongoing renaissance in scholarship on Southeast Asia’s armed forces and their political, social and economic roles. This renaissance comes in an era in which the states of the region, and the societies and economies that they govern, have grown complex beyond all recognition. Nevertheless, understanding those states’ armies remains crucial. Emphasizing the ideologies and economic activities of the militaries of two large Mainland Southeast Asian neighbours, this volume transcends clichés about coups, coercion, caudillos and kings. Its findings will challenge the thinking of even long-time observers of the region, not least through its comparative perspective and the fresh understanding of the roles and orientations of the armed forces of Myanmar and Thailand that that perspective suggests.

MILITARY CAPITALISM IN MYANMAR

Gerard McCarthy
MILITARY CAPITALISM IN MYANMAR Book PDF

Author : Gerard McCarthy
Publisher : ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789814843553

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MILITARY CAPITALISM IN MYANMAR by Gerard McCarthy Pdf

Military enterprises, ostensibly set up to feed and supply soldiers, were some of the earliest and largest Burmese commercial conglomerates, established in the 1950s. Union Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (UMEHL) and Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC) are two profit-seeking military enterprises established by the military after the dissolution of the Burma Socialist Programme Party in 1988, which remain central players in Myanmar’s post-2011 economy. Military conglomerates are a major source of off-budget revenue for the military and a main employer of retired soldiers. Yet few veterans receive more than a small piece of the profits from UMEHL. The vast bulk of formal dividends instead disproportionately benefit higher ranking officers and institutions within the Tatmadaw. Military capitalism entrenches the autonomy of the Tatmadaw from civilian oversight. Despite this, obligatory or semi-coerced contributions from active-duty soldiers are a source of cash flow for UMEHL, effectively constituting a transfer from the government budget to the military’s off-budget entities. The most significant source of livelihoods support for most veterans is the service pension dispersed by the Ministry of Finance and Planning (MoPF). Despite delivering suboptimal welfare outcomes for most soldiers and veterans while eroding the legitimacy of ceasefires, successive governments since 1988, including Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD) administration, have entrenched military capitalism by encouraging commercial activities of armed groups that enter into ceasefire agreements. Extending military pensions already paid by the Ministry of Planning and Finance to retired members of armed groups could deliver a far more consistent and tangible “peace dividend” than the commercial extraction of resources from ceasefire areas. More balanced civil–military relations, and fairer social outcomes for military personnel, will rely on civilian-led state institutions delivering effective and substantive welfare support beyond the commercially oriented welfare arrangements of military conglomerates.

Khaki Capital

Paul Chambers,Napisa Waitoolkiat
Khaki Capital Book PDF

Author : Paul Chambers,Napisa Waitoolkiat
Publisher : Nias Studies in Asian Topics
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 8776942252

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Khaki Capital by Paul Chambers,Napisa Waitoolkiat Pdf

"Although Southeast Asia has seen the emergence of civilian rule, the military continues to receive a large chunk of the national budget and, with significant assets and economic activities, often possesses enormous economic clout -- enhancing its political power while hindering democratization or civilian rule. The political economy of the military in less developed countries is thus a crucial subject area in terms of democratization. This study examines such "khaki capital" in seven Southeast Asian cases -- Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, the Philippines and Indonesia. Each chapter analyses the historical evolution of khaki capital in the given country case; the role of internal and external factors (e.g. military unity and globalization) in this trajectory; and how the resulting equilibrium has affected civil-military relations. This work is important for understanding how and why military influence over parts of the economy in Southeast Asia has remained an impediment to achieving civilian control and democratization. Ultimately, this book tells the story of how militaries in Southeast Asia have benefited economically and the extent to which such gains have translated into the leveraging of political power." --

Military Politics, Islam, and the State in Indonesia

Marcus Mietzner
Military Politics Islam and the State in Indonesia Book PDF

Author : Marcus Mietzner
Publisher : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : History
ISBN : 9789812307880

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Military Politics, Islam, and the State in Indonesia by Marcus Mietzner Pdf

Based on a decade of research in Indonesia, this book provides an in-depth account of the military's struggle to adapt to the new democratic system after the downfall of Suharto's authoritarian regime in 1998. Unlike other studies of the Indonesian armed forces, which focus exclusively on internal military developments, Mietzner's study emphasizes the importance of conflicts among civilians in determining the extent of military involvement in political affairs. Analysing disputes between Indonesia's main Muslim groups, Mietzner argues that their intense rivalry between 1998 and 2004 allowed the military to extend its engagement in politics and protect its institutional interests. The stabilization of the civilian polity after 2004, in contrast, has led to an increasing marginalization of the armed forces from the power centre. Drawing broader conclusions from these events for Indonesia's ongoing process of democratic consolidation, the book shows that the future role of the armed forces in politics will largely depend on the ability of civilian leaders to maintain functioning democratic institutions and procedures.

International Norms and Local Politics in Myanmar

Yukiko Nishikawa
International Norms and Local Politics in Myanmar Book PDF

Author : Yukiko Nishikawa
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2022-03-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000545883

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International Norms and Local Politics in Myanmar by Yukiko Nishikawa Pdf

Nishikawa explores how international norms have been adopted in the local context in Myanmar to project a certain international image, while in fact the authorities are exploiting these norms to protect their own interests. In the liberal international world order promoted since the end of the Cold War, democracy, rule of law and human rights have become key components in state and peace-building around the world. Many donor governments and international organisations have promoted them in their aid and assistance. However, the promotion of these international norms is based on a flawed understanding of sovereignty and the world. For this reason, the enforcement of these international norms in Myanmar not only fails to protect vulnerable people but also, in some instances, exacerbates the situation, thereby generating critical insecurity to the most vulnerable people. A vital resource for scholars of Myanmar’s politics, as well as a valuable case study for International Relations scholars more broadly.

Caretaking Democratization

Renaud Egreteau
Caretaking Democratization Book PDF

Author : Renaud Egreteau
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Burma
ISBN : 1849046581

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Caretaking Democratization by Renaud Egreteau Pdf

While Myanmar under Aung San Suu Kyi may seem destined for a smooth transition towards an enduring democracy, behind the scenes the military remains very much in control. Egreteau's shrewd analysis is a stark reminder of where the balance of power resides.

"My Gun was as Tall as Me"

Kevin Heppner,Human Rights Watch (Organization)
My Gun was as Tall as Me Book PDF

Author : Kevin Heppner,Human Rights Watch (Organization)
Publisher : Human Rights Watch
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Child soldiers
ISBN : 1564322793

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"My Gun was as Tall as Me" by Kevin Heppner,Human Rights Watch (Organization) Pdf

Life as a Soldier

Myanmar

N Ganesan,Kyaw Yin Hlaing
Myanmar Book PDF

Author : N Ganesan,Kyaw Yin Hlaing
Publisher : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
Page : 323 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789812304346

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Myanmar by N Ganesan,Kyaw Yin Hlaing Pdf

Covers issues of historical influence and political considerations that have shaped the dominant thinking within the state and the military. Examines the three major ethnic groups in the country - Karen, Kachin, and Shan. Deals with how the various ethnic groups are trying to cope with decades of conflict and reconstruct their communities.

Interpreting Myanmar

Andrew Selth
Interpreting Myanmar Book PDF

Author : Andrew Selth
Publisher : ANU Press
Page : 542 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781760464059

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Interpreting Myanmar by Andrew Selth Pdf

Since the abortive 1988 pro-democracy uprising, Myanmar (formerly Burma) has attracted increased attention from a wide range of observers. Yet, despite all the statements, publications and documentary films made about the country over the past 32 years, it is still little known and poorly understood. It remains the subject of many myths, mysteries and misconceptions. Between 2008 and 2019, Andrew Selth clarified and explained contemporary developments in Myanmar on the Lowy Institute’s internationally acclaimed blog, The Interpreter. This collection of his 97 articles provides a fascinating and informative record of that critical period, and helps to explain many issues that remain relevant today.

Rebel Politics

David Brenner
Rebel Politics Book PDF

Author : David Brenner
Publisher : Southeast Asia Program Publications
Page : 163 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2019-10-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781501740107

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Rebel Politics by David Brenner Pdf

Rebel Politics analyzes the changing dynamics of the civil war in Myanmar, one of the most entrenched armed conflicts in the world. Since 2011, a national peace process has gone hand-in-hand with escalating ethnic conflict. The Karen National Union (KNU), previously known for its uncompromising stance against the central government of Myanmar, became a leader in the peace process after it signed a ceasefire in 2012. Meanwhile, the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) returned to the trenches in 2011 after its own seventeen-year-long ceasefire broke down. To understand these puzzling changes, Brenner conducted ethnographic fieldwork among the KNU and KIO, analyzing the relations between rebel leaders, their rank-and-file, and local communities in the context of wider political and geopolitical transformations. Drawing on Political Sociology, Rebel Politics explains how revolutionary elites capture and lose legitimacy within their own movements and how these internal contestations drive the strategies of rebellion in unforeseen ways. Brenner presents a novel perspective that contributes to our understanding of contemporary politics in Southeast Asia, and to the study of conflict, peace and security, by highlighting the hidden social dynamics and everyday practices of political violence, ethnic conflict, rebel governance and borderland politics.

Metamorphosis

Renaud Egreteau,François Robinne
Metamorphosis Book PDF

Author : Renaud Egreteau,François Robinne
Publisher : NUS Press
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2015-09-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789971698669

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Metamorphosis by Renaud Egreteau,François Robinne Pdf

With a young population of more than 52 million, an ambitious roadmap for political reform, and on the cusp of rapid economic development, since 2010 the world’s attention has been drawn to Myanmar or Burma. But underlying recent political transitions are other wrenching social changes and shocks, a set of transformations less clearly mapped out. Relations between ethnic and religious groups, in the context of Burma’s political model of a state composed of ethnic groups, are a particularly important “unsolved equation”. The editors use the notion of metamorphosis to look at Myanmar today and tomorrow—a term that accommodates linear change, stubborn persistence and the possibility of dramatic transformation. Divided into four sections, on politics, identity and ethnic relations, social change in fields like education and medicine, and the evolutions of religious institutions, the volume takes a broad view, combining an anthropological approach with views from political scientists and historians. This volume is an essential guide to the political and social challenges ahead for Myanmar.