Bulk Sized Nacre Inspired Composites By Sedimentation Processes

Author : Sebastian Behr
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783736985377

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Bulk-Sized Nacre-Inspired Composites by Sedimentation Processes by Sebastian Behr Pdf

Nacre, mother-of-pearl, is an exception from the rule that strength and toughness are generally mutually exclusive in materials. It possesses a unique set of mechanical properties which has been attributed to nacre’s special brick-and-mortar-like microstructure. Consequently, mimicry of this microstructure for similar reinforcement in synthetic materials has been the goal of many researchers so far with excellent results in the area of thin films – but hardly any serviceable outcome in bulk dimensions. This thesis provides a way to fill this gap in processing of bulk-sized nacre-inspired composites. The approach is founded on sedimentation processes that can be rated as more facile, economically more efficient, and geometrically less limited than other methods. Eventually, it results in composites that mimic up to four structural design features of nacre, acting as examples for novel materials that could be applicable in fields ranging from ballistic protection to filtering technologies.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Chemical Sciences Roundtable
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2015-08-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309373319

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Mesoscale Chemistry by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Chemical Sciences Roundtable Pdf

In the last few decades great strides have been made in chemistry at the nanoscale, where the atomic granularity of matter and the exact positions of individual atoms are key determinants of structure and dynamics. Less attention, however, has been paid to the mesoscale--it is at this scale, in the range extending from large molecules (10 nm) through viruses to eukaryotic cells (10 microns), where interesting ensemble effects and the functionality that is critical to macroscopic phenomenon begins to manifest itself and cannot be described by laws on the scale of atoms and molecules alone. To further explore how knowledge about mesoscale phenomena can impact chemical research and development activities and vice versa, the Chemical Sciences Roundtable of the National Research Council convened a workshop on mesoscale chemistry in November 2014. With a focus on the research on chemical phenomena at the mesoscale, participants examined the opportunities that utilizing those behaviors can have for developing new catalysts, adding new functionality to materials, and increasing our understanding of biological and interfacial systems. The workshop also highlighted some of the challenges for analysis and description of mesoscale structures. This report summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.

Author : Mehmet Sarikaya,Ilhan Aksay
Publisher : American Institute of Physics
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105018272778

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Biomimetics by Mehmet Sarikaya,Ilhan Aksay Pdf

Market: Students and researchers in geophysics, astronomy, and astrophysics. This book reports on the timely Earth Observing System (EOS) Program's wide range of scientific investigations, observational capabilities, vast data and information system, and educational activities. Because its primary goal is to determine the extent, causes, and regional consequences of global climate change, this program provides the scientific knowledge needed by world leaders to formulate sound and equitable environmental policies.

Author : Johannes Karl Fink
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 584 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2020-01-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119681311

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The Chemistry of Bio-based Polymers by Johannes Karl Fink Pdf

The recent explosion of interdisciplinary research has fragmented the knowledge base surrounding renewable polymers. The Chemistry of Bio-based Polymers 2nd edition brings together, in one volume, the research and work of Professor Johannes Fink, focusing on biopolymers that can be synthesized from renewable polymers. After introducing general aspects of the field, the book’s subsequent chapters examine the chemistry of biodegradable polymeric types sorted by their chemical compounds, including the synthesis of low molecular compounds. Various categories of biopolymers are detailed including vinyl-based polymers, acid and lactone polymers, ester and amide polymers, carbohydrate-related polymers and others. Procedures for the preparation of biopolymers and biodegradable nanocomposites are arranged by chemical methods and in vitro biological methods, with discussion of the issue of “plastics from bacteria.” The factors influencing the degradation and biodegradation of polymers used in food packaging, exposed to various environments, are detailed at length. The book covers the medical applications of bio-based polymers, concentrating on controlled drug delivery, temporary prostheses, and scaffolds for tissue engineering. Professor Fink also addresses renewable resources for fabricating biofuels and argues for localized biorefineries, as biomass feedstocks are more efficiently handled locally.

Author : Randall German
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2014-02-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780124016774

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Sintering: From Empirical Observations to Scientific Principles by Randall German Pdf

As sintering applications march toward a $30 billion global business, the models for sintering have progressed, but generally follow behind observation. Documentation of the steps needed to build to a quantitative and predictive theory are often missed. Sintering: From Empirical Observations to Scientific Principles partitions sintering applications and observations to show critical turning points required to establish modern sintering as a predictive science. This book, written by the most cited author in his field, is laced with people, organizations, critical steps, and important formulations in a mixture of history, personalities, and applications. Exploring how insights in seemingly unrelated fields sparked progress, it is also a teaching tool to show where there is success, where there are problems, and how to organize teams to leapfrog to new applications or plateaus of use. Randall German's Sintering: From Empirical Observations to Scientific Principles is a platform for directly addressing the critical control parameters in these new research and development efforts. Shows how the theories and understanding of sintering were developed and improved over time, and how different products were developed, ultimately leading to important knowledge and lessons for solving real sintering problems Covers all the necessary infrastructure of sintering theory and practice, such as atomic theory, surface energy, microstructure, and measurement and observation tools Introduces the history and development of such early sintered products as porcelain, tungsten lamp filaments, bronze bearings, steel automotive components, platinum crucibles and more

Author : Sylvain Deville
Publisher : Springer
Page : 598 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2017-01-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319505152

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Freezing Colloids: Observations, Principles, Control, and Use by Sylvain Deville Pdf

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the freezing of colloidal suspensions and explores cutting-edge research in the field. It is the first book to deal with this phenomenon from a multidisciplinary perspective, and examines the various occurrences, their technological uses, the fundamental phenomena, and the different modeling approaches. Its chapters integrate input from fields as diverse as materials science, physics, biology, mathematics, geophysics, and food science, and therefore provide an excellent point of departure for anyone interested in the topic. The main content is supplemented by a wealth of figures and illustrations to elucidate the concepts presented, and includes a final chapter providing advice for those starting out in the field. As such, the book provides an invaluable resource for materials scientists, physicists, biologists, and mathematicians, and will also benefit food engineers, civil engineers, and materials processing professionals.

Author : Stephen Mann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Science
ISBN : 0198508824

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Biomineralization by Stephen Mann Pdf

Author : National Defense University
Publisher : NDU Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2010-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781780390406

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Bio-Inspired Innovation and National Security by National Defense University Pdf

Despite the vital importance of the emerging area of biotechnology and its role in defense planning and policymaking, no definitive book has been written on the topic for the defense policymaker, the military student, and the private-sector bioscientist interested in the "emerging opportunities market" of national security. This edited volume is intended to help close this gap and provide the necessary backdrop for thinking strategically about biology in defense planning and policymaking. This volume is about applications of the biological sciences, here called "biologically inspired innovations," to the military. Rather than treating biology as a series of threats to be dealt with, such innovations generally approach the biological sciences as a set of opportunities for the military to gain strategic advantage over adversaries. These opportunities range from looking at everything from genes to brains, from enhancing human performance to creating renewable energy, from sensing the environment around us to harnessing its power.

Author : Brian Lawn
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2010-01-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0511623127

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Fracture of Brittle Solids by Brian Lawn Pdf

This is an advanced text for higher degree materials science students and researchers concerned with the strength of highly brittle covalent-ionic solids, principally ceramics. It is a reconstructed and greatly expanded edition of a book first published in 1975. The book presents a unified continuum, microstructural and atomistic treatment of modern day fracture mechanics from a materials perspective. Particular attention is directed to the basic elements of bonding and microstructure that govern the intrinsic toughness of ceramics. These elements hold the key to the future of ceramics as high-technology materials--to make brittle solids strong, we must first understand what makes them weak. The underlying theme of the book is the fundamental Griffith energy-balance concept of crack propagation. The early chapters develop fracture mechanics from the traditional continuum perspective, with attention to linear and nonlinear crack-tip fields, equilibrium and non-equilibrium crack states. It then describes the atomic structure of sharp cracks, the topical subject of crack-microstructure interactions in ceramics, with special focus on the concepts of crack-tip shielding and crack-resistance curves, and finally deals with indentation fracture, flaws and structural reliability.

Author : John D. Currey
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2013-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400849505

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Bones by John D. Currey Pdf

This is a comprehensive and accessible overview of what is known about the structure and mechanics of bone, bones, and teeth. In it, John Currey incorporates critical new concepts and findings from the two decades of research since the publication of his highly regarded The Mechanical Adaptations of Bones. Crucially, Currey shows how bone structure and bone's mechanical properties are intimately bound up with each other and how the mechanical properties of the material interact with the structure of whole bones to produce an adapted structure. For bone tissue, the book discusses stiffness, strength, viscoelasticity, fatigue, and fracture mechanics properties. For whole bones, subjects dealt with include buckling, the optimum hollowness of long bones, impact fracture, and properties of cancellous bone. The effects of mineralization on stiffness and toughness and the role of microcracking in the fracture process receive particular attention. As a zoologist, Currey views bone and bones as solutions to the design problems that vertebrates have faced during their evolution and throughout the book considers what bones have been adapted to do. He covers the full range of bones and bony tissues, as well as dentin and enamel, and uses both human and non-human examples. Copiously illustrated, engagingly written, and assuming little in the way of prior knowledge or mathematical background, Bones is both an ideal introduction to the field and also a reference sure to be frequently consulted by practicing researchers.

Author : Stephane La Barre,Stephen S. Bates
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 984 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2018-09-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527801725

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Blue Biotechnology by Stephane La Barre,Stephen S. Bates Pdf

With its integral treatment of ecosystem and resource management, this is the only overview of the field to address current thinking and future trends. All contributions have been written with the novice in mind, explaining the basics and highlighting recent developments and achievements. Unmatched in scope, this two-volume reference covers both traditional and well-established areas of marine biotechnology, such as biomass production, alongside such novel ones as biofuels, biological protection of structures and bioinspired materials. In so doing, it ties together information usually only found in widely dispersed sources to assemble a grand unified view of the current state of and prospects for this multi-faceted discipline. The combination of the breadth of topics and the focus on modern ideas make this introductory book especially suitable for teaching purposes and for guiding newcomers to the many possibilities offered by this booming field.

Author : Richard M. Christensen
Publisher : Courier Corporation
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2012-03-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780486136660

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Mechanics of Composite Materials by Richard M. Christensen Pdf

A comprehensive account of the basic theory of the mechanical behavior of heterogeneous media, this volume assembles, interprets, and interrelates contributions to the field of composite materials from theoretical research, laboratory developments, and product applications. The text focuses on the continuum mechanics aspects of behavior; specifically, it invokes idealized geometric models of the heterogeneous system to obtain theoretical predictions of macroscopic properties in terms of the properties of individual constituent materials. The wide range of subjects encompasses macroscopic stiffness properties, failure characterization, and wave propagation. Much of the book presumes a familiarity with the theory of linear elasticity; but it also takes into consideration behavior characterized by viscoelasticity and inviscid plasticity theories and problems involving nonlinear kinematics. Because of the close relationship between mechanical and thermal effects, the text also examines macroscopic, thermal properties of heterogeneous media. Although the primary emphasis centers on the development of theory, this volume also pays critical attention to the practical assessment of results and applications. Comparisons between different approaches and with reliable experimental data appear at main junctures. Suitable as a graduate-level text, Mechanics of Composite Materials is also a valuable reference for professionals.

Author : Abdelkrim Khelif,Ali Adibi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2015-07-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461493938

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Phononic Crystals by Abdelkrim Khelif,Ali Adibi Pdf

This book provides an in-depth analysis as well as an overview of phononic crystals. This book discusses numerous techniques for the analysis of phononic crystals and covers, among other material, sonic and ultrasonic structures, hypersonic planar structures and their characterization, and novel applications of phononic crystals. This is an ideal book for those working with micro and nanotechnology, MEMS (microelectromechanical systems), and acoustic devices. This book also: Presents an introduction to the fundamentals and properties of phononic crystals Covers simulation techniques for the analysis of phononic crystals Discusses sonic and ultrasonic, hypersonic and planar, and three-dimensional phononic crystal structures Illustrates how phononic crystal structures are being deployed in communication systems and sensing systems

Author : S. Eggwertz,N.C. Lind
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642824197

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Probabilistic Methods in the Mechanics of Solids and Structures by S. Eggwertz,N.C. Lind Pdf

The IUTAM Symposium on Probabilistic Methods in the Mechanics of Solids and Structures, dedicated to the memory of Waloddi Weibull, was held in Stockholm, Sweden, June 19-21, 1984, on the initiative of the Swedish National Committee for Mech anics and the Aeronautical Research Institute of Sweden, FFA. The purpose of the symposium was to bring together mathema ticians that develop the theory of stochastic processes and methods for reliability analysis, with engineers that apply these theories and methods to model loads, strengths and structures for the advancement of structural safety. Waloddi Weibull was a pioneer in this field with his many publi cations from the thirties until his death in 1979. He also took an active part in the formation of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics during the forties, and subsequently initiated foundation of the Swedish National Committee for Mechanics, through which Sweden joined IUTAM as a member. 116 participants from 21 countries attended the symposium, and 55 invited papers were presented in 7 scientific sessions.

Author : Hans-Curt Flemming,Dr Thomas R. Neu,Dr Jost Wingender
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2016-09-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781780407418

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The Perfect Slime by Hans-Curt Flemming,Dr Thomas R. Neu,Dr Jost Wingender Pdf

The Perfect Slime presents the latest state of knowledge and all aspects of the Extracellular Polymeric Substances, (EPS) matrix – from the ecological and health to the antifouling perspectives. The book brings together all the current material in order to expand our understanding of the functions, properties and characteristics of the matrix as well as the possibilities to strengthen or weaken it. The EPS matrix represents the immediate environment in which biofilm organisms live. From their point of view, this matrix has paramount advantages. It allows them to stay together for extended periods and form synergistic microconsortia, it retains extracellular enzymes and turns the matrix into an external digestion system and it is a universal recycling yard, it protects them against desiccation, it allows for intense communication and represents a huge genetic archive. They can remodel their matrix, break free and eventually, they can use it as a nutrient source. The EPS matrix can be considered as one of the emergent properties of biofilms and are a major reason for the success of this form of life. Nevertheless, they have been termed the “black matter of biofilms” for good reasons. First of all: the isolation methods define the results. In most cases, only water soluble EPS components are investigated; insoluble ones such as cellulose or amyloids are much less included. In particular in environmental biofilms with many species, it is difficult to impossible isolate, separate the various EPS molecules they are encased in and to define which species produced which EPS. The regulation and the factors which trigger or inhibit EPS production are still very poorly understood. Furthermore: bacteria are not the only microorganisms to produce EPS. Archaea, Fungi and algae can also form EPS. This book investigates the questions, What is their composition, function, dynamics and regulation? What do they all have in common?