Cancellous Bone

Author : Ardiyansyah Syahrom,Mohd Al-Fatihhi bin Mohd Szali Januddi,Muhamad Noor Harun,Andreas Öchsner
Publisher : Springer
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2017-08-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811054723

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Cancellous Bone by Ardiyansyah Syahrom,Mohd Al-Fatihhi bin Mohd Szali Januddi,Muhamad Noor Harun,Andreas Öchsner Pdf

This book provides comprehensive mechanobiological insights into bone, including the microstructure of cancellous bone and its realistic loading in the human body. This approach considers different types of loads, i.e. static and dynamic, and the response under uniaxial and multiaxial loading conditions. The book also reviews additional factors influencing biomechanical properties, e.g. fluid transport. In closing, the mechanobiological approach is discussed in the context of the finite element method.

Author : Pascal Laugier,Quentin Grimal
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030919795

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Bone Quantitative Ultrasound by Pascal Laugier,Quentin Grimal Pdf

Many significant achievements in new ultrasound technologies to measure bone and models to elucidate the interaction and the propagation of ultrasonic waves in complex bone structures have been reported over the past ten years. Impaired bone remodeling affects not only the trabecular compartment but also the cortical one. Despite the crucial contribution of the cortical structure to the whole bone mechanical competence, cortical bone was understudied for a long time. A paradigm shift occurred around 2010, with a special focus placed on the importance of cortical bone. This has sparkled a great deal of interest in new ultrasound techniques to assess cortical bone. While our book ‘Bone Quantitative Ultrasound’ published in 2011 emphasized techniques to measure trabecular bone, this new book is devoted for a large part to the technologies introduced recently to measure cortical bone. These include resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, guided waves, scattering, and pulse-echo and tomography imaging techniques. Instrumentation, signal processing techniques and models used are detailed. Importantly, the data accumulated in recent years such as anisotropic stiffness, elastic engineering moduli, compression and shear wave speeds of cortical bones from various skeletal sites are presented comprehensively. A few chapters deal with the recent developments achieved in quantitative ultrasound of trabecular bone. These include (i) scattering-based approaches and their application to measure skeletal sites such as the spine and proximal femur and (ii) approaches exploiting the poro-elastic nature of bone. While bone fragility and osteoporosis are still the main motivation for developing bone QUS, this Book also includes chapters reporting ultrasound techniques developed for other applications of high interest such as 3-D imaging of the spine, assessment of implant stability and transcranial brain imaging. This book, together with the book ‘Bone Quantitative Ultrasound’ published in 2011 will provide a comprehensive overview of the methods and principles used in bone quantitative ultrasound and will be a benchmark for all novice or experienced researchers in the field. The book will offer recent experimental results and theoretical concepts developed so far and would be intended for researchers, graduate or undergraduate students, engineers, and clinicians who are involved in the field. The book should be considered as a complement to the first book publisher in 2011, rather than a second edition, in the sense that basic notions already presented in the first book are not repeated.

Author : J. Gordon Betts,Peter DeSaix,Jody E. Johnson,Oksana Korol,Dean H. Kruse,Brandon Poe,James A. Wise,Mark Womble,Kelly A. Young
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2013-04-25
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1947172808

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Anatomy and Physiology by J. Gordon Betts,Peter DeSaix,Jody E. Johnson,Oksana Korol,Dean H. Kruse,Brandon Poe,James A. Wise,Mark Womble,Kelly A. Young Pdf

Author : Erik Fink Eriksen,Douglas W. Axelrod,Flemming Melsen
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Bone Diseases, Metabolic
ISBN : 0781701228

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Bone Histomorphometry by Erik Fink Eriksen,Douglas W. Axelrod,Flemming Melsen Pdf

Author : Feza Korkusuz
Publisher : Springer
Page : 788 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2015-11-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319207773

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Musculoskeletal Research and Basic Science by Feza Korkusuz Pdf

Strong roots in basic science and research enhance clinical practice. This book is a rich source of information for basic scientists and translational researchers who focus on musculoskeletal tissues and for orthopedic and trauma surgeons seeking relevant up-to-date information on molecular biology and the mechanics of musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration. The book opens by discussing biomaterials and biomechanics, with detailed attention to the biologic response to implants and biomaterials and to the surface modification of implants, an important emerging research field. Finite element analysis, mechanical testing standards and gait analysis are covered. All these chapters are strongly connected to clinical applications. After a section on imaging techniques, musculoskeletal tissues and their functions are addressed, the coverage including, for example, stem cells, molecules important for growth and repair, regeneration of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and peripheral nerves, and the genetic basis of orthopedic diseases. State-of-the-art applications such as platellet rich plasma were included. Imaging is a daily practice of scientists and medical doctors. Recent advancements in ultrasonography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance, bone mineral density measurements using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and scintigraphy was covered following conventional radiography basics. Further extensive sections are devoted to pathology, oncogenesis and tumors, and pharmacology. Structure is always related with function. Surgical anatomy was therefore covered extensively in the last section.

Author : Zvi Artzi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 560 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2020-05-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119427902

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Bone Augmentation by Anatomical Region by Zvi Artzi Pdf

Comprehensively describes bone augmentation techniques and their application to the different anatomical regions of the upper and lower jaws. Bone Augmentation by Anatomical Region is a unique, evidence-based guide focusing on each specific anatomical region – anterior maxilla, posterior maxilla, anterior mandible, and posterior mandible – in order to emphasize the correct implemented procedures needed to successfully perform oral osseous reconstruction. Numerous ridge augmentation techniques are covered, including: horizontal and vertical guided bone regeneration, autologous block transplantation, interpositional bone grafting, allogeneic blocks, sandwich technique, split-expansion ridge technique, and sinus floor grafting. Non-augmented approaches such as forced socket site extrusion and the installation of digitally printed implants are also presented and discussed. Guides readers on tackling bone augmentation via anatomical region of the jaws and their related surrounding muscles, vascularization and innervation Presents innovative augmentation techniques for the anterior maxilla, posterior maxilla, anterior mandible, and posterior mandible Includes clinical photographs in each section and a decision tree to help readers select the appropriate surgical modality Bone Augmentation by Anatomical Region is a specialist resource suitable for dentists who practice implant dentistry, oral surgeons, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, periodontists, and postgraduate dental students in the above-mentioned disciplines. Please note Due to recently developments, part of Chapter 2 Biologic Conditions for Bone Growth and Maintenance: Managing the Oxidative Stress has been amended which will be available in all future reprints. All electronic versions have been updated.

Author : Yuehuei An
Publisher : Thieme
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2011-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781604064247

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Internal Fixation in Osteoporotic Bone by Yuehuei An Pdf

Osteoporosis affects 28 million people in the United States alone. The need for stable internal fixation of this type of bone is paramount. Metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, and Paget's disease, are usually associated with osteoporotic or soft skeleton, especially in the elderly patient. Orthopedic procedures in elderly patients are costly and with the increasing age of the population these costs will continue to escalate. Great challenges are often encountered when internal fixation is needed for fractures or osteotomies in osteoporotic bone. This book is designed to present both current clinical techniques and cutting-edge knowledge in pre-clinical research on the internal fixation of osteoporotic bone.

Author : Love Tätting
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2019-04-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789176851128

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Inflammation in Cancellous and Cortical Bone Healing by Love Tätting Pdf

Fractures in humans most commonly occur near the joints, in the metaphyseal bone area mainly consisting of cancellous bone. Despite this, mainly cortical fractures, located in the diaphyseal bone area, have been studied in experimental models of bone healing. It is known from previous studies that the diaphyseal fracture is sensitive to anti-inflammatory treatment, while metaphyseal bone healing is more resistant. The aim of this thesis is to study the inflammatory response to bone trauma in cancellous and cortical bone. A flow cytometric method was established for the purpose of examining the cellular composition of the inflammatory process in models of bone healing In paper I the cellular composition of metaphyseal bone healing was studied with flow cytometry. The proximal tibia was traumatized and then studied at day 1, 3, 5 and 10 afterwards and compared to healthy mice. The contralateral proximal tibia was also studied at the same time points to delineate the trauma site specific inflammation. A few changes could be noted that seemed specific to the trauma site in macrophage phenotype development. However, the cellular composition was similar at the trauma site and in the contralateral proximal tibia. This notion of a general skeletal response was confirmed with analysis of the humerus at day 5. In paper II a model of cortical bone healing apt for flow cytometry was developed and compared to cancellous bone healing. A furrow was milled along the femoral cortex and the healing bone tissue analyzed. The earliest time point that enough cells were present for flow cytometry was day 3. The cortical and cancellous model of bone healing was compared at day 3 and 5 to study how they evolve in comparison to each other. It was noted that they were similar in cellular composition at day 3, but had diverged at day 5. The cancellous model increased in neutrophilic granulocytes, whereas the cortical model increased in lymphocytes. In paper III the cancellous and cortical model were compared under experimental intervention of indomethacin. It is known that indomethacin leads to weakened biomechanical properties in cortical bone healing, but not in cancellous bone healing. The effect on cellular composition with indomethacin was studied with flow cytometry and the extracellular protein profile in the healing bone tissue with mass spectrometry. Unexpectedly, inflammatory monocytes were increased in the cortical model at day 3 with indomethacin, but otherwise the models were similar in cell composition at day 3 and 5. In mass spectrometry there was a large increase in detected proteins at day 3 in the indomethacin exposed cortical model, but otherwise the models were similar. This points to an early and model specific effect of indomethacin. The observed lack of indomethacin-induced effects in cancellous bone healing is in line with the previously noted lack of indomethacin-induced effects on bone weakening. The apparently increased inflammatory activity in the cortical model with indomethacin exposure at day 3 might indicate the healing process to be disturbed and not able to progress from the early proinflammatory state to a more anabolic, anti-inflammatory state. In paper IV the effect of macrophage depletion on healing of metaphyseal bone was studied. Clodronate was given for depletion at different time points prior to surgery and the pull-out force of a screw or tissue phenotyping of macrophages was performed a varying number of days after surgery. It was noted that metaphyseal bone healing was to a large extent inhibited by macrophage depletion up to two days after surgery, but not if depletion was done more than two days after surgery. Thus, macrophages seem to be most important during the first two days after trauma in cancellous bone healing. In summary this thesis provide insight to the natural development of bone healing. The findings emphasise that cancellous and cortical bone healing are different entities with differences in the inflammatory process leading to healing.

Author : Bruce Abernethy
Publisher : Human Kinetics
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Education
ISBN : 0736042768

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The Biophysical Foundations of Human Movement by Bruce Abernethy Pdf

"This comprehensive book presents an integrated study of human movement and applies this knowledge to human performance and physical activity across the lifespan. The Biophysical Foundations of Human Movement, Second Edition, considers basic methods and concepts, typical research questions, key historical developments, professional training and organizations, and suggestions for further reading within each subdiscipline. The authors offer a unique perspective on the subdisciplines by exploring not only the basic science but also the changes in human movement and movement potential that occur throughout the lifespan as well in response to training, practice, and other lifestyle factors.".

Author : Imran Farooq,Saqib Ali,Paul Anderson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2021-05-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119669449

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An Illustrated Guide to Oral Histology by Imran Farooq,Saqib Ali,Paul Anderson Pdf

An Illustrated Guide to Oral Histology Learn more about the histological presentation of diseased and normal oral tissues with this high definition illustrated dental reference An Illustrated Guide to Oral Histology delivers a collection of high-definition histological and pathological images, presenting both diseased and normal oral tissues. The book provides over 200 high-magnification histomicrographs of oral tissues, as well as definitions and explanations of key identifying histological and pathological features of oral tissues. Readers will also benefit from explanations of the clinical significance of particular features, numerous images of ground sections, haemotoxylin- and eosin-stained sections, and electron images. It also includes core topics such as: An introduction to tooth development, including the bud, cap, early bell, and late bell stages A thorough exploration of enamel, dentin, cementum and dental pulp A discussion of the periodontal ligament, including alveolar crest fibers, horizontal, oblique, apical, and inter-radicular fibers, transseptal fibers, and gingival fibers A guide to alveolar bone, oral mucosa, and salivary glands Perfect for postgraduate dental students, An Illustrated Guide to Oral Histology will also be useful to undergraduate dental students, and those looking to improve their understanding of the microscopic structure of dental tissues and their pathologies.

Author : Lindsay Biga,Devon Quick,Sierra Dawson,Amy Harwell,Robin Hopkins,Joel Kaufmann,Mike LeMaster,Philip Matern,Katie Morrison-Graham,Jon Runyeon
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1955101159

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Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay Biga,Devon Quick,Sierra Dawson,Amy Harwell,Robin Hopkins,Joel Kaufmann,Mike LeMaster,Philip Matern,Katie Morrison-Graham,Jon Runyeon Pdf

A version of the OpenStax text

Author : John D. Currey
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400849505

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Bones by John D. Currey Pdf

This is a comprehensive and accessible overview of what is known about the structure and mechanics of bone, bones, and teeth. In it, John Currey incorporates critical new concepts and findings from the two decades of research since the publication of his highly regarded The Mechanical Adaptations of Bones. Crucially, Currey shows how bone structure and bone's mechanical properties are intimately bound up with each other and how the mechanical properties of the material interact with the structure of whole bones to produce an adapted structure. For bone tissue, the book discusses stiffness, strength, viscoelasticity, fatigue, and fracture mechanics properties. For whole bones, subjects dealt with include buckling, the optimum hollowness of long bones, impact fracture, and properties of cancellous bone. The effects of mineralization on stiffness and toughness and the role of microcracking in the fracture process receive particular attention. As a zoologist, Currey views bone and bones as solutions to the design problems that vertebrates have faced during their evolution and throughout the book considers what bones have been adapted to do. He covers the full range of bones and bony tissues, as well as dentin and enamel, and uses both human and non-human examples. Copiously illustrated, engagingly written, and assuming little in the way of prior knowledge or mathematical background, Bones is both an ideal introduction to the field and also a reference sure to be frequently consulted by practicing researchers.

Author : United States Public Health Service,Surgeon General of the United States
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2004-12
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 1410219275

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Bone Health and Osteoporosis by United States Public Health Service,Surgeon General of the United States Pdf

This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis illustrates the large burden that bone disease places on our Nation and its citizens. Like other chronic diseases that disproportionately affect the elderly, the prevalence of bone disease and fractures is projected to increase markedly as the population ages. If these predictions come true, bone disease and fractures will have a tremendous negative impact on the future well-being of Americans. But as this report makes clear, they need not come true: by working together we can change the picture of aging in America. Osteoporosis, fractures, and other chronic diseases no longer should be thought of as an inevitable part of growing old. By focusing on prevention and lifestyle changes, including physical activity and nutrition, as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, Americans can avoid much of the damaging impact of bone disease and other chronic diseases. This Surgeon General's Report brings together for the first time the scientific evidence related to the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of bone disease. More importantly, it provides a framework for moving forward. The report will be another effective tool in educating Americans about how they can promote bone health throughout their lives. This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis provides much needed information on bone health, an often overlooked aspect of physical health. This report follows in the tradition of previous Surgeon Generals' reports by identifying the relevant scientific data, rigorously evaluating and summarizing the evidence, and determining conclusions.

Author : John P. Fisher
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2007-12-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780387341330

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Tissue Engineering by John P. Fisher Pdf

This special issue of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology presents much of the research described at the recent 2nd International Tissue Engineering Conference held in Crete in May 2005. The conference brought together over 150 researchers from around the world to examine the emerging and most advanced aspects of their particular field. The chapters reflect a diverse group of authors, including both clinicians and academicians.

Author : John D. Currey
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2014-07-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400853724

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The Mechanical Adaptations of Bones by John D. Currey Pdf

This book relates the mechanical and structural properties of bone to its function in man and other vertebrates. John Currey, one of the pioneers of modern bone research, reviews existing information in the field and particularly emphasizes the correlation of the structure of bone with its various uses. Originally published in 1984. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.