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Author : United States. Congressional Budget Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Carbon dioxide
ISBN : MINN:31951D02586580Q
Author : David Montgomery,Roger Hitchner,Patrice Gordon,Thomas Lutton
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 69 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1990-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0788176641
Examines the problem of global warming in general, and reports specifically on an analysis of the economic costs of imposing taxes on fossil fuels as a means of reducing emissions of carbon dioxide. The analysis of economic costs addresses the effects of a carbon charge in the first decade of its implementation, examining changes in the emission of carbon dioxide and in the use of fossil fuel in the near term, the aggregate effects of carbon charges on the U.S. economy, and possibilities for reducing energy use. Charts and tables.
Author : Congressional Budget Congressional Budget Office
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2016-01-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1523489243
Carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases--the so-called "greenhouse gases"-trap some of the sun's heat near the Earth, creating the climatic conditions that make life possible. Some investigators believe that rising concentrations of these gases, largely resulting from human activities, may cause an increase in the Earth's average temperatures that could have severe economic and ecological effects. Although there is great uncertainty about the extent to which such global warming is likely to occur, what its effects might be, and the costs of efforts to slow the progress of warming, the potential consequences have led to calls for action. Reducing emissions of carbon dioxide will very likely be a part of any response by governments to the threat of global warming. Carbon charges-taxes on fossil fuels set according to their carbon content-could effectively reduce emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion. The CBO study, Carbon Charges as a Response to Global Warming: The Effects of Taxing Fossil Fuels, examines the economic costs of imposing carbon charges. The book examines an option in which carbon charges would be phased in over a 10-year period beginning at $10 per ton of carbon in 1991 and rising to $100 per ton of carbon in 2000 (in 1988 dollars). When fully phased in, the carbon charges would amount to $60.50 per ton of coal, $12.99 per barrel of oil, and $1.63 per thousand cubic feet of natural gas. The study uses economic models of energy markets and the U.S. economy to analyze the effects of the carbon charge. Model results show that emissions of carbon dioxide in the year 2000 would range from 5 percent above to 6 percent below 1988 levels as a result of the policy. Carbon charges of the size examined in this study could have discernible effects on the national economy. The analysis shows that such an option could result in a loss of 1 percent to 2 percent of gross national product (GNP) annually during the first decade. Over the longer term, carbon charges of $100 per ton could hold the level of GNP at least 1 percent lower than without the charges. To prevent growth in carbon dioxide emissions after 2000 would require even higher charges. The United States accounts for about 25 percent of world emissions of carbon dioxide-a substantial amount for a single country but still not enough to allow unilateral U.S. action to reduce global warming significantly. Concerted action by many governments would be required if substantial progress was to be made. Several industrialized countries other than the United States have already adopted goals for cutting emissions. One effect of U.S. action to curb emissions of carbon dioxide could be to advance these international efforts.
Author : C. J. Jepma,Mohan Munasinghe
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521596882
This book concisely sets out the main issues and risks involved in attempting to mitigate climate change.
Author : United States. Congressional Budget Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2024-07-02
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:77965789
Author : Samuel Fankhauser
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134168309
Within only a few years, global warming has emerged from scientific speculation into an environmental threat of worldwide concern. Yet the scientific community remains uncertain as to the long-term trends and effects of climate change, and this uncertainty has been seized on as justification for inaction by an international community reluctant to bear the costs of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Valuing Climate Change presents concrete, economic evidence of the need for action. Fankhauser assesses the costs of a doubling of GHG emissions to be a significant percentage of gross world product; a figure which he then compares to the costs of reducing emissions. In his comparison, he looks at regional as well as global estimates of damage, and takes account of the non-climate change benefits of GHG reductions, such as a switch in the energy sector to cleaner technologies or renewable fuels, and the impacts on transport, with reduced congestion and improved air quality. It is clear that the stakes are high, and Fankhauser believes that tougher targets may be needed than those set out in the Framework Convention on Climate Change. He assesses the optimum policy responses to GHG reduction, the likely instruments for achieving it and the potential for international cooperation in dealing with the problems. This is a major contribution to the rapidly changing debate on global warming.
Author : Anwar Shah,Bjorn Larsen
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 59 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Air
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
A universal case cannot be made for national carbon taxes. Nevertheless, such taxes make eminent sense for many developing countries - on the grounds of equity, efficiency, ease of tax administration, and an improved local environment, even ignoring the potential benefits from controlling global carbon emissions.
Author : Rudiger Dornbusch,James M. Poterba
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 026204126X
The contributions in this book focus instead on the economic effects of global warming, providing an excellent summary of current thinking on this important issue.Global warming is debated largely in environmental terms. The contributions in this book focus instead on the economic effects of global warming, providing an excellent summary of current thinking on this important issue. They raise such crucial questions as: Which countries will suffer the most from climate change? What economic initiatives could be adopted to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and chlorofluorocarbons? How will different nations fare under various proposals? What are the prospects for international cooperation?ContentsIs There a Global Warming Problem? Andrew R. Solow - Economic Approaches to Greenhouse Warming, William D. Nordhaus - Tax Policy to Combat Global Warming: On Designing a Carbon Tax, James M. Poterba - Technological Substitution Options for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions, David W. Pearce - Economic Responses to Climate Change: A European Perspective, Emilio Gerelli - Economic Responses to Global Warming/International Burden Sharing and Coordination: Prospects for Cooperative Approaches to Global Warming, T.C. Schelling - The International Incidence of Carbon Taxes, John WhalleyGlobal Warming InitiativesThe Pacific Rim, Hirofumi Uzawa - Optional for Slowing Amazon Jungle-Clearing, Eustaquio Reis and Sergio MargulisDiscussantsLars Bergman, William R. Cline, Peter Diamond, Lester B. Lave, Alan Manne, John P. Martin, Thorvald Moe, David M. Newbery, Norman J. Rosenberg, Lutz Wicke, Gerrit Zalm
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,America's Climate Choices: Panel on Informing Effective Decisions and Actions Related to Climate Change
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2011-01-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309145947
Global climate change is one of America's most significant long-term policy challenges. Human activity-especially the use of fossil fuels, industrial processes, livestock production, waste disposal, and land use change-is affecting global average temperatures, snow and ice cover, sea-level, ocean acidity, growing seasons and precipitation patterns, ecosystems, and human health. Climate-related decisions are being carried out by almost every agency of the federal government, as well as many state and local government leaders and agencies, businesses and individual citizens. Decision makers must contend with the availability and quality of information, the efficacy of proposed solutions, the unanticipated consequences resulting from decisions, the challenge of implementing chosen actions, and must consider how to sustain the action over time and respond to new information. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change, a volume in the America's Climate Choices series, describes and assesses different activities, products, strategies, and tools for informing decision makers about climate change and helping them plan and execute effective, integrated responses. It discusses who is making decisions (on the local, state, and national levels), who should be providing information to make decisions, and how that information should be provided. It covers all levels of decision making, including international, state, and individual decision making. While most existing research has focused on the physical aspect of climate change, Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change employs theory and case study to describe the efforts undertaken so far, and to guide the development of future decision-making resources. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change offers much-needed guidance to those creating public policy and assists in implementing that policy. The information presented in this book will be invaluable to the research community, especially social scientists studying climate change; practitioners of decision-making assistance, including advocacy organizations, non-profits, and government agencies; and college-level teachers and students.
Author : Henry Lee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Nature
ISBN : UOM:39015031709424
Explores methods of designing, implementing, and gaining political support for strategies and policies to reduce greenhouse gases. Assesses the economic, policy, and management trade-offs.
Author : Wilfred Candler
Publisher : Author House
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2007-11-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781434356833
“Global Warming: The Answer” takes as given that global warming is man-made and occurring with increasingly adverse effects. After a brief review of the carbon cycle (and how man is disturbing it), the book argues that global warming is an economic problem: Given the right prices, technical solutions will follow. After looking at the (limited) solutions for “personal virtue” in reducing pollution, the book examines the chimera of “a carbon neutral life-style,” and necessity to achieve a fossil-free economy. Cap and Trade is shown to involve huge wealth transfers to established polluters, and is thus rejected in favor of a “revenue neutral, carbon tax.” More specifically an initial carbon tax of $250 ton, with the revenue returned the public through lowered payroll taxes in the U.S. (or V.A.T. or sales taxes elsewhere). Existing and pending technologies that will take-off once fossil fuels are taxed are reviewed, as are ancillary policies in support of the carbon tax. Some suggestions are offered for increasing international collaboration. It is emphasized however that to date no significant action has been take to combat global warming: Kyoto, higher mileage requirements, and An Inconvenient Truth not-withstanding. Action is urgent! But first the public have to understand the answer to global warming.
Author : Robert G. Watts
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1997-07-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 1566702348
This book goes beyond the analysis offered by typical works on this subject to propose real solutions to problems caused by changes in the earth's climate. From new ways to cut energy consumption and reduce carbon dioxide emissions to discussions of the possibilities of sea walls and climate-altering technologies, Engineering Response to Global Climate Change presents new conceptual tools and suggests research necessary for correcting and alleviating problems caused by global warming. Engineers are just now being asked to consider the problems of climate change and the possible technological responses. This complete reference covers the whole range of potential impacts of climate change and their engineering solutions. Of special interest is the chapter on geoengineering, which suggests how engineers may someday be able to intervene in planetary processes to reduce the effects of global warming. Edited by a regional director of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change and offering the collective expertise of a team of expert authors, each renowned in his or her field, this book offers thorough coverage of this important topic from an engineering and technology perspective.
Author : Chin Hee Hahn,Sang-Hyop Lee,Kyoung-Soo Yoon
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2012-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781781001073
This topical book explores the global experiences of responding to climate change, with perspectives from Australia, China, the European Union, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the United States, as well as the International Energy Agency. The authors, internationally recognized specialists in the field, discuss the obstacles faced by policymakers, as well as exploring policies and recommendations for achieving goals set in responding to climate change. The work also uses the case of Korea in the initial stage of its policymaking, as an example for developing countries not bound by the provisions of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on climate change. This important book assesses current national policies and future options for the global response to climate change. Responding to Climate Change will prove to be insightful for environmental policymakers and researchers for use in assessments of lessons in global and regional experience with climate change and for future policy directions. Graduate and upper-level undergraduate students studying environmental and natural resources will also find plenty of invaluable information in this important resource.
Author : Augusto de la Torre,Pablo Fajnzylber,John Nash
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821380819
Governments and civil society in Latin America and the Caribbean should be well informed about the potential costs and benefits of combating climate change, their policy options over the next decades, and the global context for these policy decisions. At the same time, the global community needs to be better informed about the unique perspective of the Latin American and Caribbean region: problems the region will face, its potential contributions toward combating global warming, and how to maximize this potential while continuing to maintain growth and reduce poverty. This book, a companion volume to Low Carbon, High Growth: Latin American Responses to Climate Change, seeks to help fill both these needs.
Author : United States. Congressional Budget Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Carbon dioxide
ISBN : MINN:31951D01962861U