Case Studies On Managing Government Compensation And Employment Institutions Policies And Reform Challenges

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Case Studies on Managing Government Compensation and Employment - Institutions, Policies, and Reform Challenges

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 99 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2016-12-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498345736

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Case Studies on Managing Government Compensation and Employment - Institutions, Policies, and Reform Challenges by International Monetary Fund Pdf

This supplement presents country case studies reviewing country experiences with managing wage bill pressures, which are the basis for the compensation and employment reform lessons identified in the main paper. The selection of countries for the case studies reflects past studies carried out by either the IMF or the World Bank in the context of technical assistance or bilateral surveillance (Table 1). These studies provide important insights into the different sources of wage bill pressures as well as the reform challenges governments have faced when addressing these pressures over the short and medium term. The studies cover 20 countries, including five advanced economies, six countries from sub-Saharan Africa, two countries in developing Asia, one country in the Middle East and North Africa, three countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, and three countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS. The structure of each case study is similar, with each study starting with a presentation of the institutional coverage and framework for setting and managing the wage bill; a description of employment and compensation levels, including their comparison with the private sector; and a discussion of the challenges that motivated the need for reforms and, when applicable, the reforms implemented and lessons derived from these.

Managing Government Compensation and Employment - Institutions, Policies, and Reform Challenges

Author : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 99 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2016-08-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498345774

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Managing Government Compensation and Employment - Institutions, Policies, and Reform Challenges by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. Pdf

Government compensation and employment policies are important for the efficient delivery of public services which are crucial for the functioning of economies and the general prosperity of societies. On average, spending on the wage bill absorbs around one-fifth of total spending. Cross-country variation in wage spending reflects, in part, national choices about the government’s role in priority sectors, as well as variations in the level of economic development and resource constraints.

Government Wage Bill Management and Civil Service Reform in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union

Author : Mr.A. E. Wayne Mitchell,Ronald James,Ann Marie Wickham
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2019-05-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498304214

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Government Wage Bill Management and Civil Service Reform in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union by Mr.A. E. Wayne Mitchell,Ronald James,Ann Marie Wickham Pdf

In this study, we assess the size of the government wage bill and employment in the member countries of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union and their implications for fiscal sustainability and the adequacy of public service delivery. Over the period 2005 to 2015 their wage bill (as a percentage of GDP, government revenues and expenditures) is higher than in other small states notwithstanding recent efforts by governments to make it more manageable. The composition and distribution of employment is sub-optimal and is reflected in skills mismatches contributing to inefficiencies in public service delivery. Using a dynamic fixed-effects panel, we find that wage bill growth reflects the expansion of government activities to speed up economic and social development and that wage bill spending is procyclical in good times but is rigid during downturns. Finally, we identify the main institutional and legal reforms needed to improve wage bill management and public service efficiency.

International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2017

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2017-10-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484306147

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International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2017 by International Monetary Fund Pdf

During the past financial year, the IMF’s 189 member countries faced a number of pressing challenges. IMF work on these challenges - slower trade, declining productivity, gender inequality, inclusive growth, and debt management - is a central focus of this 2017 Annual Report.

South Africa: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for South Africa

Author : International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2022-02-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400200250

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South Africa: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for South Africa by International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. African Dept. Pdf

South Africa’s subpar economic performance over the last decade has weakened its macroeconomic fundamentals and social indicators. In response to formidable COVID-19-related challenges, government expenditure surged, and, amid declining revenue, the budget deficit widened significantly. The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) and the Prudential Authority (PA) preserved adequate liquidity conditions and financial-sector stability. The cyclical recovery from the deep contraction has been faster than expected but its strength is unlikely to be sustained. Benign global market conditions have supported asset performance, although term premia are elevated due to fiscal risks. Bank soundness indicators remain solid, but a deepening bank-sovereign nexus raises some concerns.

Public Wage Bills in the Middle East and Central Asia

Author : Ms.Natalia T. Tamirisa,Mr.Christoph Duenwald
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 95 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2018-01-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484336731

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Public Wage Bills in the Middle East and Central Asia by Ms.Natalia T. Tamirisa,Mr.Christoph Duenwald Pdf

Analysis of policies for managing public sector wage bills in the Middle East and Central Asia region. While some work has been done recently at the Fund on issues related to government employment and compensation, to our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically examine, with a focus on the Middle East and Central Asia region, the recent trends and drivers of public wage bills in the region and to identify key policy implications.

Civil service reforms in Pakistan

Author : Abdul Wajid Rana
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 23 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Civil service reforms in Pakistan by Abdul Wajid Rana Pdf

Effective governance is one of the key challenges for both developing and developed countries. Governments, today, are increasingly encountering complex and cross-cutting issues such as economic and financial volatility, internal and external conflicts, growing social tensions, adverse demographic trends, climate change vulnerabilities, weak regulatory regimes, huge infrastructure and service delivery gaps, state and elite capturing and sustaining rule of law. Faced with growing criticism of ineffectiveness of state institutions undermining country’s economic, social and political development because of weakening capacity of public officials to pace up with emerging challenges, there is a renewed interest in reforming the governance and reforming the civil service.

Burkina Faso

Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 23 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2016-12-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475562590

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Burkina Faso by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. Pdf

This Selected Issues paper examines the impact of scaled-up public investment in Burkina Faso. The results suggest that “big-push” investment efforts, while designed to accelerate growth, are likely to run up against significant absorption-capacity constraints. These constraints will diminish the efficiency of investment spending and result in lower public capital accumulation and productivity growth than under a more measured approach. The empirical evidence from the experience of many countries also suggests that the results of aggressive scaling-up initiatives are mixed.

Defensive Expectations

Author : Liviu Voinea
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783030550455

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Defensive Expectations by Liviu Voinea Pdf

This book explains why inflation remains subdued after recessions, based on three revolutionary concepts: defensive expectations, compensatory savings, and cumulative wage gap. When income falls, consumption falls, and savings rise, as people rebuild their past wealth. Households will not spend more until they fully recover what they lost. The revised Phillips Curve explains that current inflation depends on the cumulative difference between current income and past income. This new theory is tested and validated by data for US since 1960 to date and for 35 OECD countries from 1990 to date. A number of policy implications are derived from these results. The book calls for an optimal policy mix between monetary policy and fiscal policy; it also discusses the coronavirus crisis as an extreme case of defensive expectations.

Portugal

Author : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484319369

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Portugal by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Pdf

This paper discusses that the average investment growth needed for Portugal was to achieve the 2-percent and 2.5-percent real GDP growth in the medium term. It is likely that the growth rate of investment must significantly exceed the projected 4.9 percent in order to achieve the GDP growth path envisaged in the 2017 Stability Program. Specifically, per staff estimates, investment needs to grow at around 8.5 percent per year in case the TFP growth remains at -0.26 percent. The challenges confronting Portuguese banks were discussed in the 2016 Article IV staff report, which highlighted low profitability and weak asset quality as key concerns. The regulatory environment has exerted positive pressure insofar as the review of business models has now become an integral part of the supervisory agenda, especially for Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM)-supervised banks. Pursuant to the Capital Requirements Directive IV (CRD-IV), banks’ business models are considered in the Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP) performed by the supervisory authorities not only to determine capital and liquidity requirements but also to assess banks’ recovery plans.

Fiscal Implications of Government Wage Bill Spending

Author : Mr.Kamil Dybczak,Ms.Mercedes Garcia-Escribano
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-01-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484394946

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Fiscal Implications of Government Wage Bill Spending by Mr.Kamil Dybczak,Ms.Mercedes Garcia-Escribano Pdf

This paper discusses the short- and medium-term fiscal implications of government wage bill spending. Working with a sample of 137 advanced, emerging and low-income countries, we use a panel VAR approach to identify differences in the dynamic behavior of revenues, nonwage expenditures, and the overall fiscal balance in response to changes in the wage bill. We show that the interaction between wage bill changes and these three fiscal items is alike and varies overtime. Higher wage bill spending does not revert in the medium term, but the initial worsening of the fiscal balance associated with it, though it persists, eventually halves as revenues increase while non-wage spending remains broadly unchanged. We also show that countries differ in how these three fiscal variables behave following wage bill changes and seek to explain this variation by a set of country characteristics, including the level of development, access to natural resources and public indebtedness levels.

Governance, Resistance and the Post-Colonial State

Author : Jonathan Murphy,Nimruji Jammulamadaka
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2017-07-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134842193

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Governance, Resistance and the Post-Colonial State by Jonathan Murphy,Nimruji Jammulamadaka Pdf

The manifestation of the colonial nation-state as a legal-bureaucratic-police structure – an exploitation tool – undermined customary modes of governance in colonies. When post-World War II independence of colonies transferred ownership of the state structure to the colonized elite, electoral and civil society politics battled for capture of this post-colonial state. Meanwhile, the state was also forced to build its legitimacy in the face of customary governance practices seeking rehabilitation and decolonization in the midst of civil wars and strife. This "state-building social movement" was further complicated with the global spread of neoliberalism and neocolonialism, and herein lies the significant difference between the post-colonial nation-state and the Western nation-states. This book fills the gap in literature and argues that it is necessary to foreground discussions of the nature of the post-colonial nation-state in examining resistance and provides a window into the dynamics of the post-colonial state and its implication in everyday organizing and resistance.

OECD Economic Surveys: Costa Rica 2018

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2018-04-17
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264085404

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OECD Economic Surveys: Costa Rica 2018 by OECD Pdf

Costa Rica has achieved strong levels of well-being. However, many institutional obstacles are hampering more robust growth and the spreading of its gains more widely. Setting in motion a “virtuous cycle” of inclusive growth will require reforms across several policy areas that present win-win...

Public Sector Wage Bill in Mali

Author : Mr. Youssouf Kiendrebeogo
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 10 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2023-07-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400248450

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Public Sector Wage Bill in Mali by Mr. Youssouf Kiendrebeogo Pdf

Mali’s wage bill has soared to levels not seen since the early 1990s. This may cause considerable opportunity costs—limiting fiscal space and potentially adding to inflationary pressures—as well as adversely affect medium-term debt sustainability as it weighs heavily on the primary deficit. This SIP investigates the extent and drivers of the recent wage increases and their fiscal and economic consequences. It concludes that across-the board salary freezes may help wage growth moderation in the short term but are politically difficult to implement. Structural reforms to strengthen wage bill management are critical to preserving medium-term fiscal sustainability.

Improving the Efficiency and Equity of Public Education Spending: The Case of Moldova

Author : Hui Jin,La-Bhus Fah Jirasavetakul,Baoping Shang
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 39 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498301718

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Improving the Efficiency and Equity of Public Education Spending: The Case of Moldova by Hui Jin,La-Bhus Fah Jirasavetakul,Baoping Shang Pdf

This paper, using Moldova as an example, presents a systematic approach to assess the efficiency and equity of public education spending, identify sources of inefficiencies and inequality, and formulate potential reform options. The analytical framework combines international benchmarking with country-specific analysis—such as microeconomic analysis based on household survey data—and can provide important insights into diagnosing and reforming education systems. The analysis finds significant scope to improve both efficiency and equity of the education sector in Moldova. Potential reform measures include further consolidating the oversized school network, reducing overstaffing, and better targeting government subsidies. The current remuneration policy could also be improved to attract high quality teachers and incentivize performance.