Catalysts For Nitrogen Fixation

Author : Barry E. Smith,Raymond L. Richards,William E. Newton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402036118

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Catalysts for Nitrogen Fixation by Barry E. Smith,Raymond L. Richards,William E. Newton Pdf

Biological nitrogen fixation provides more than 50% of the total annual input of the essential element nitrogen to world agriculture. Thus, it is of immense agronomic importance and critical to food supplies, particularly in developing countries. This book, with chapters authored by internationally renowned experts, provides a comprehensive and detailed account of the fascinating history of the process - including the surprising discoveries of molybdenum-independent nitrogenases and superoxide-dependent nitrogenase; a review of Man's attempts to emulate the biological process - most successfully with the commercially dominant Haber-Bosch process; and the current state of the understanding art with respect to the enzymes - called nitrogenases - responsible for biological nitrogen fixation. The initial chapters use a historical approach to the biological and industrial processes, followed by an overview of assay methodologies. The next set of chapters focuses on the classical enzyme, the molybdenum nitrogenase, and details its biosynthesis, structure, composition, and mechanism of action as well as detailing both how variants of its two component proteins are constructed by recombinant DNA technology and how computational techniques are being applied. The sophisticated chemical modelling of the metal-containing clusters in the enzyme is reviewed next, followed by a description of the two molybdenum-independent nitrogenases - first, the vanadium-containing enzyme and then the iron-only nitrogenase - together with some thoughts as to why they exist! Then follows an up-to-date treatment of the clearly "non-classical" properties of the superoxide-dependent nitrogenase, which more closely resembles molybdenum-containing hydroxylases and related enzymes, like nitrate reductase, that it does the other nitrogenases. Each chapter contains an extensive list of references. This book is the self-contained first volume of a comprehensive seven-volume series. No other available work provides the up-to-date and in-depth coverage of this series and this volume. This book is intended to serve as an indispensable reference work for all scientists working in this area, including agriculture and the closely related metals-in-biology area; to assist students to enter this challenging area of research; and to provide science administrators easy access to vital relevant information.

Author : Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527344253

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Transition Metal-Dinitrogen Complexes by Yoshiaki Nishibayashi Pdf

A comprehensive book that explores nitrogen fixation by using transition metal-dinitrogen complexes Nitrogen fixation is one of the most prominent fields of research in chemistry. This book puts the focus on the development of catalytic ammonia formation from nitrogen gas under ambient reaction conditions that has been recently repowered by some research groups. With contributions from noted experts in the field, Transition Metal-Dinitrogen Complexes offers an important guide and comprehensive resource to the most recent research and developments on the topic of nitrogen fixation by using transition metal-dinitrogen. The book is filled with the information needed to understand the synthesis of transition metal-dinitrogen complexes and their reactivity. This important book: -Offers a resource for understanding nitrogen fixation chemistry that is essential for explosives, pharmaceuticals, dyes, and all forms of life -Includes the information needed for anyone interested in the field of nitrogen fixation by using transition metal-dinitrogen complexes -Contains state-of-the-art research on synthesis of transition metal-dinitrogen complexes and their reactivity in nitrogen fixation -Incorporates contributions from well-known specialists and experts with an editor who is an innovator in the field of dinitrogen chemistry Written for chemists and scientists with an interest in nitrogen fixation, Transition Metal-Dinitrogen Complexes is a must-have resource to the burgeoning field of nitrogen fixation by using transition metal-dinitrogen complexes.

Author : J.R. Jennings
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781475795929

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Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis by J.R. Jennings Pdf

The phenomenon of catalysis is found in many homogeneous and heterogeneous systems undergoing chemical change, where it effects the rates of approach to the equilibrium state in processes as diverse as those found in the stars, the earth's mantle, living organisms, and the various chemistries utilized by industry. The economies and the living standards of both developed and developing countries depend to varying degrees upon the efficacy of their chemical industries. Con sequently, this century has seen a wide exploration and expansion of catalytic chemistry together with an intensive investigation of specific, essential processes like those contributing to life-supporting agricultures. Prime among the latter must surely be the "fixation" of atmospheric nitrogen by catalytic hydrogenation to anhydrous ammonia, still the preferred synthetic precursor of the nitrogenous components of fertilizers. In each decade contemporary concepts and techniques have been used to further the understanding, as yet incomplete, of the catalyst, the adsorbates, the surface reactions, and the technology of large-scale operation. The contributors to the present volume review the state of the art, the science, and the technology; they reveal existing lacunae, and suggest ways forward. Around the turn of the century, Sabatier's school was extending the descriptive catalytic chemistry of hydrogenation by metals to include almost all types of multiple bond. The triple bond of dinitrogen, which continued to be more resistant than the somewhat similar bonds in carbon monoxide and ethyne, defied their efforts.

Author : Keiji Morokuma,Djamaladdin G. Musaev
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2008-04-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527621972

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Computational Modeling for Homogeneous and Enzymatic Catalysis by Keiji Morokuma,Djamaladdin G. Musaev Pdf

Here, the world's most active and productive computational scientists from academia and industry present established, effective and powerful tools for understanding catalysts. With its broad scope -- nitrogen fixation, polymerization, C-H bond activation, oxidations, biocatalysis and much more -- this book represents an extensive knowledge base for designing efficient catalysts, allowing readers to improve the performance of their own catalysts.

Author : Yi-Ping Wang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2005-08-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 1402035691

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Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment by Yi-Ping Wang Pdf

This volume covers all aspects of fundamental and applied nitrogen-fixation research, extending from biochemistry and chemistry through genetics, regulation and physiology to agricultural practice and environmental impact. It describes recent progress on studies of potential catalysts for nitrogen fixation; how the N2-fixing process is regulated in living cells; the use and impact of genetics and genomics on our understanding of the biological process; the wide variety of associations of nitrogen-fixing microbes with plants, including the formalized Rhizobium-legume and actinorrhizal associations as well as the less formalized associative and endophytic interactions; and the impact of nitrogen fixation in agriculture and forestry, including its effect on the environment. This volume provides an up-to-date referenced source, which can be readily accessed by all practicing and otherwise interested proponents of nitrogen fixation research, including those with related interests in the areas of plant and microbial science, genomics, plant-microbe interactions, genetics and regulation, plant growth and biocontrol, agriculture, forestry, ecology, taxonomy and evolution.

Author : Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2018-08-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319862308

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Nitrogen Fixation by Yoshiaki Nishibayashi Pdf

This volume presents a review of recent developments in nitrogen fixation using transition metal–dinitrogen complexes in the last decade. The authors are international experts in the corresponding field and each chapter discusses their latest achievements in the preparation of various transition metal–dinitrogen complexes and their reactivity. This volume will be helpful to researchers, teachers, and students who are interested in innovative and sustainable chemistry.

Author : Harry Alfred Curtis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 528 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1932
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015078676155

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Fixed Nitrogen by Harry Alfred Curtis Pdf

Author : Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2017-06-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319577142

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Nitrogen Fixation by Yoshiaki Nishibayashi Pdf

This volume presents a review of recent developments in nitrogen fixation using transition metal–dinitrogen complexes in the last decade. The authors are international experts in the corresponding field and each chapter discusses their latest achievements in the preparation of various transition metal–dinitrogen complexes and their reactivity. This volume will be helpful to researchers, teachers, and students who are interested in innovative and sustainable chemistry.

Author : Huazhang Liu
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 895 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814355780

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Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts by Huazhang Liu Pdf

This book provides a review of worldwide developments in ammonia synthesis catalysts over the last 30 years. It focuses on the new generation of Fe1-xO based catalysts and ruthenium catalysts - both are major breakthroughs for fused iron catalysts. The basic theory for ammonia synthesis is systematically explained, covering topics such as the chemical components, crystal structure, preparation, reduction, performance evaluation, characterization of the catalysts, the mechanism and kinetics of ammonia synthesis reaction. Both theory and practice are combined in this presentation, with emphasis on the research methods, application and exploitation of catalysts. The comprehensive volume includes an assessment of the economic and engineering aspects of ammonia plants based on the performance of catalysts. Recent developments in photo-catalysis, electro-catalysis, biocatalysis and new uses of ammonia are also introduced in this book. The author, Professor Huazhang Liu, has been engaged in research and practice for more than 50 years in this field and was the inventor of the first Fe1-xO based catalysts in the world. He has done a lot of research on Fe3O4 based- and ruthenium based-catalysts, and has published more than 300 papers and obtained 21 patents during his career.

Author : Inamuddin,Rajender Boddula,Abdullah M. Asiri
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030351069

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Sustainable Ammonia Production by Inamuddin,Rajender Boddula,Abdullah M. Asiri Pdf

This book presents sustainable synthetic pathways and modern applications of ammonia. It focuses on the production of ammonia using various catalytic systems and its use in fuel cells, membrane, agriculture, and renewable energy sectors. The book highlights the history, investigation, and development of sustainable pathways for ammonia production, current challenges, and state-of-the-art reviews. While discussing industrial applications, it fills the gap between laboratory research and viable applications in large-scale production.

Author : Huazhang Liu
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 896 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789814518802

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Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts by Huazhang Liu Pdf

This book provides a review of worldwide developments in ammonia synthesis catalysts over the last 30 years. It focuses on the new generation of Fe1-xO based catalysts and ruthenium catalysts — both are major breakthroughs for fused iron catalysts. The basic theory for ammonia synthesis is systematically explained, covering topics such as the chemical components, crystal structure, preparation, reduction, performance evaluation, characterization of the catalysts, the mechanism and kinetics of ammonia synthesis reaction. Both theory and practice are combined in this presentation, with emphasis on the research methods, application and exploitation of catalysts. The comprehensive volume includes an assessment of the economic and engineering aspects of ammonia plants based on the performance of catalysts. Recent developments in photo-catalysis, electro-catalysis, biocatalysis and new uses of ammonia are also introduced in this book. The author, Professor Huazhang Liu, has been engaged in research and practice for more than 50 years in this field and was the inventor of the first Fe1-xO based catalysts in the world. He has done a lot of research on Fe3O4 based- and ruthenium based-catalysts, and has published more than 300 papers and obtained 21 patents during his career. Contents:Historical Evolution of Catalysts for Ammonia SynthesisCatalytic Reaction Mechanisms of Ammonia SynthesisChemical Composition and Structure of Fused Iron CatalystsPreparation of Fused Iron CatalystsReduction of Fused Iron CatalystsRuthenium Based Ammonia Synthesis CatalystsPerformance Evaluation and Characterization of CatalystsPerformance and Application of CatalystsEffect of Catalyst Performance on the Economic Benefits of Catalytic ProcessInnovation and Speculation Readership: Researchers in academia and industry working on catalysts for ammonia synthesis. Keywords:Ammonia Synthesis;Catalysts;Catalytic;Iron Catalyst;Fused Iron Catalyst;Ruthenium CatalystKey Features:Provides a review of worldwide developments in ammonia synthesis catalysts over the last 30 yearsFocuses on the new generation of Fe1-xO based catalysts and ruthenium catalystsCombines theory and practice, with emphasis on research methods and industrial exploitation

Author : J. Chatt,Raymond L. Richards,L. M. da Câmara Pina
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : UOM:39015016022827

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New Trends in the Chemistry of Nitrogen Fixation by J. Chatt,Raymond L. Richards,L. M. da Câmara Pina Pdf

Author : Wei Pei,Wenya Zhang,Xueke Yu,Lei Hou,Weizhi Xia,Zi Wang,Yongfeng Liu,Si Zhou,Yusong Tu,Jijun Zhao
Publisher : OAE Publishing Inc.
Page : 14 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2023-12-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Computational design of spatially confined triatomic catalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction by Wei Pei,Wenya Zhang,Xueke Yu,Lei Hou,Weizhi Xia,Zi Wang,Yongfeng Liu,Si Zhou,Yusong Tu,Jijun Zhao Pdf

The electrocatalytic process of nitrogen reduction reactions (NRR) offers a promising approach towards achieving sustainable ammonia production, acting as an environmentally friendly replacement for the conventional Haber-Bosch method. Density functional theory calculations have been utilized to design and investigate a set of catalysts known as triple-atom catalysts (TACs) for electrochemical NRR, which are supported on graphite-C3N3 nanosheets. Herein, we have systematically evaluated these TACs using stringent screening to assess their catalytic performance. Among the candidates, supported Pt3, Re3, and Ru3 trimers emerged as highly active with decent selectivity, involving a limiting potential range of -0.35~-0.11 V. According to analysis of electronic properties, we determined that high NRR activity stems from the d-π* electron-accepting and -donating mechanism. Significantly, the correlation between chemical activity of TACs and electronic structure was established as a pivotal physical parameter, which has led to the conclusion that we can precisely control the catalytic behavior of transition metal trimer clusters by selecting appropriate metal elements and designing moderate cluster-substrates interactions. In summary, these theoretical studies not only enhance our understanding of how catalytic properties are governed by metal-support interactions, regulating stability, activity, and selectivity, but also offer a useful method for screening and designing novel TACs for NRR.

Author : Annemie Bogaerts
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2019-04-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783038977506

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Plasma Catalysis by Annemie Bogaerts Pdf

Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.

Author : Zongyou Yin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 887 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2022-04-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783527348923

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Atomic and Nano Scale Materials for Advanced Energy Conversion, 2 Volumes by Zongyou Yin Pdf

Atomic and Nano Scale Materials for Advanced Energy Conversion Discover the latest advancements in energy conversion technologies used to develop modern sustainable energy techniques In Atomic and Nano Scale Materials for Advanced Energy Conversion, expert interdisciplinary researcher Dr. Zongyou Yin delivers a comprehensive overview of nano-to-atomic scale materials science, the development of advanced electrochemical, photochemical, photoelectrochemical, and photovoltaic energy conversion strategies, and the applications for sustainable water splitting and other technologies. The book offers readers cutting-edge information of two-dimensional nano, mixed-dimensional nano, nano rare earth, clusters, and single atoms. It constructively evaluates emerging nano-to-atomic scale energy conversion technologies for academic research and development (R&D) researchers and industrial technique consultants and engineers. The author sets out a systematic analysis of recent energy-conversion science, covering topics like adaptable manufacturing of Van der Waals heterojunctions, mixed-dimensional junctions, tandem structures, and superlattices. He also discusses function-oriented engineering in polymorphic phases, photon absorption, excitons-charges conversion, non-noble plasmonics, and solid-liquid-gas interactions. Readers will also benefit from: A thorough introduction to emerging nanomaterials for energy conversion, including electrochemical, photochemical, photoelectrochemical, and photovoltaic energy conversion An exploration of clusters for energy conversion, including electrochemical, photochemical, and photoelectrochemical clusters Practical discussions of single atoms for energy conversion in electrochemical, photochemical, and photoelectrochemical energy conversion technologies A thorough analysis of future perspectives and directions in advanced energy conversion technology Perfect for materials scientists, photochemists, electrochemists, and inorganic chemists, Atomic and Nano Scale Materials for Advanced Energy Conversion is also a must-read resource for catalytic chemists interested in the intersection of advanced chemistry and physics in energy conversion technologies.