Causal Overdetermination And Contextualism

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Causal Overdetermination and Contextualism

Esteban Céspedes
Causal Overdetermination and Contextualism Book PDF

Author : Esteban Céspedes
Publisher : Springer
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2016-06-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319338019

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Causal Overdetermination and Contextualism by Esteban Céspedes Pdf

This work explains how different theories of causation confront causal overdetermination. Chapters clarify the problem of overdetermination and explore its fundamental aspects. It is argued that a theory of causation can account for our intuitions in overdetermination cases only by accepting that the adequacy of our claims about causation depends on the context in which they are evaluated.The author proposes arguments for causal contextualism and provides insight which is valuable for resolution of the problem. These chapters enable readers to quickly absorb different perspectives on overdetermination and important theories of causation, therefore it is a work that will have a broad appeal.

Experimental Metaphysics

David Rose
Experimental Metaphysics Book PDF

Author : David Rose
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2017-06-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781474278614

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Experimental Metaphysics by David Rose Pdf

Metaphysics, almost entirely neglected by experimental philosophers, is the central focus of Experimental Metaphysics. The volume brings together a range of views aimed at addressing the question of how cognitive science might be relevant to metaphysics. With contributions from cognitive scientists and philosophers, chapters focus on theoretical and empirical issues involving the potential role of cognitive science in metaphysics. Alongside topics such as free will, objects and causation, in which relevant empirical evidence is discussed and connected to relevant metaphysical issues, more programmatic papers explore theoretical issues centered on the connection between cognitive science and metaphysics. This balanced approach exposes metaphysicians to philosophically relevant work in cognitive science, while showing cognitive scientists the ways in which their work might be important for philosophers. Presenting cutting-edge empirical and theoretical research, Experimental Metaphysics pushes forward the discussion and encourages further engagement with issues at the intersection of cognitive science and metaphysics.

Idealism

Tyron Goldschmidt,Kenneth L. Pearce
Idealism Book PDF

Author : Tyron Goldschmidt,Kenneth L. Pearce
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2017-12-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191063992

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Idealism by Tyron Goldschmidt,Kenneth L. Pearce Pdf

Idealism is a family of metaphysical views each of which gives priority to the mental. The best-known forms of idealism in Western philosophy are Berkeleyan idealism, which gives ontological priority to the mental (minds and ideas) over the physical (bodies), and Kantian idealism, which gives a kind of explanatory priority to the mental (the structure of the understanding) over the physical (the structure of the empirical world). Although idealism was once a dominant view in Western philosophy, it has suffered almost total neglect over the last several decades. This book rectifies this situation by bringing together seventeen essays by leading philosophers on the topic of metaphysical idealism. The various essays explain, attack, or defend a variety of idealistic theories, including not only Berkeleian and Kantian idealisms but also those developed in traditions less familiar to analytic philosophers, including Buddhism and Hassidic Judaism. Although a number of the articles draw on historical sources, all will be of interest to philosophers working in contemporary metaphysics. This volume aims to spark a revival of serious philosophical interest in metaphysical idealism.

Emergence in Context

Robert C. Bishop,Michael Silberstein,Mark Pexton
Emergence in Context Book PDF

Author : Robert C. Bishop,Michael Silberstein,Mark Pexton
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780192849786

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Emergence in Context by Robert C. Bishop,Michael Silberstein,Mark Pexton Pdf

"Science, philosophy of science, and metaphysics have long been concerned with the question of how novel things emerge. How can order come out of disorder? This book introduces a new account, contextual emergence, seeking to answer such questions."--Back cover.

Physicalism and Mental Causation

Sven Walter,Heinz-Dieter Heckmann
Physicalism and Mental Causation Book PDF

Author : Sven Walter,Heinz-Dieter Heckmann
Publisher : Imprint Academic
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0907845460

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Physicalism and Mental Causation by Sven Walter,Heinz-Dieter Heckmann Pdf

This book presents a range of essays on the conceptual foundations of physicalism, mental causation and human agency.

Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association

American Philosophical Association
Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association Book PDF

Author : American Philosophical Association
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 646 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Electronic journals
ISBN : UOM:39015062073534

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Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association by American Philosophical Association Pdf

List of members in v. 1- .

Pragmatism

John R. Shook
Pragmatism Book PDF

Author : John R. Shook
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2023-05-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262372176

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Pragmatism by John R. Shook Pdf

A concise, reader-friendly overview of pragmatism, the most influential school of American philosophical thought. Pragmatism, America’s homegrown philosophy, has been a major intellectual movement for over a century. Unlike its rivals, it reaches well beyond the confines of philosophy into concerns and disciplines as diverse as religion, politics, science, and culture. In this concise, engagingly written overview, John R. Shook describes pragmatism’s origins, concepts, and continuing global relevance and appeal. With attention to the movement’s original thinkers—Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, John Dewey, and George Herbert Mead—as well as its contemporary proponents, he explains how pragmatism thinks about what is real, what can be known, and what minds are doing. And because of pragmatism’s far-reaching impact, Shook shows how its views on reality, truth, knowledge, and cognition coordinate with its approaches to agency, sociality, human nature, and personhood.

Re-emergence

Gerald Vision
Re emergence Book PDF

Author : Gerald Vision
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262015844

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Re-emergence by Gerald Vision Pdf

A philosopher offers a non-physicalist theory of mind, revisiting and defending a key doctrine of emergentism. The presence of sentience in a basically material reality is among the mysteries of existence. Many philosophers of mind argue that conscious states and properties are nothing beyond the matter that brings them about. Finding these arguments less than satisfactory, Gerald Vision offers a nonphysicalist theory of mind. Revisiting and defending a key doctrine of the once widely accepted school of philosophy known as emergentism, Vision proposes that conscious states are emergents, although they depend for their existence on their material bases. Although many previous emergentist theories have been decisively undermined, Vision argues that emergent options are still viable on some issues. In Re-Emergence he explores the question of conscious properties arising from brute, unthinking matter, making the case that there is no equally plausible non-emergent alternative. Vision defends emergentism even while conceding that conscious properties and states are realized by or strongly supervene on the physical. He argues, however, that conscious properties cannot be reduced to, identified with, or given the right kind of materialist explanation in terms of the physical reality on which they depend. Rather than use emergentism simply to assail the current physicalist orthodoxy, Vision views emergentism as a contribution to understanding conscious aspects. After describing and defending his version of emergentism, Vision reviews several varieties of physicalism and near-physicalism, finding that his emergent theory does a better job of coming to grips with these phenomena.

Re-Emergence

Gerald Vision
Re Emergence Book PDF

Author : Gerald Vision
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2011-07-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262297707

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Re-Emergence by Gerald Vision Pdf

A philosopher offers a non-physicalist theory of mind, revisiting and defending a key doctrine of emergentism. The presence of sentience in a basically material reality is among the mysteries of existence. Many philosophers of mind argue that conscious states and properties are nothing beyond the matter that brings them about. Finding these arguments less than satisfactory, Gerald Vision offers a nonphysicalist theory of mind. Revisiting and defending a key doctrine of the once widely accepted school of philosophy known as emergentism, Vision proposes that conscious states are emergents, although they depend for their existence on their material bases. Although many previous emergentist theories have been decisively undermined, Vision argues that emergent options are still viable on some issues. In Re-Emergence he explores the question of conscious properties arising from brute, unthinking matter, making the case that there is no equally plausible non-emergent alternative. Vision defends emergentism even while conceding that conscious properties and states are realized by or strongly supervene on the physical. He argues, however, that conscious properties cannot be reduced to, identified with, or given the right kind of materialist explanation in terms of the physical reality on which they depend. Rather than use emergentism simply to assail the current physicalist orthodoxy, Vision views emergentism as a contribution to understanding conscious aspects. After describing and defending his version of emergentism, Vision reviews several varieties of physicalism and near-physicalism, finding that his emergent theory does a better job of coming to grips with these phenomena.

How Can Physics Underlie the Mind?

George Ellis
How Can Physics Underlie the Mind Book PDF

Author : George Ellis
Publisher : Springer
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016-05-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662498095

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How Can Physics Underlie the Mind? by George Ellis Pdf

Physics underlies all complexity, including our own existence: how is this possible? How can our own lives emerge from interactions of electrons, protons, and neutrons? This book considers the interaction of physical and non-physical causation in complex systems such as living beings, and in particular in the human brain, relating this to the emergence of higher levels of complexity with real causal powers. In particular it explores the idea of top-down causation, which is the key effect allowing the emergence of true complexity and also enables the causal efficacy of non-physical entities, including the value of money, social conventions, and ethical choices.

Reality and Humean Supervenience

Gerhard Preyer,Frank Siebelt
Reality and Humean Supervenience Book PDF

Author : Gerhard Preyer,Frank Siebelt
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2002-07-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780585385631

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Reality and Humean Supervenience by Gerhard Preyer,Frank Siebelt Pdf

If asked what Humeanism could mean today, there is no other philosopher to turn to whose work covers such a wide range of topics from a unified Humean perspective as that of David Lewis. The core of Lewis's many contributions to philosophy, including his work in philosophical ontology, intensional logic and semantics, probability and decision theory, topics within philosophy of science as well as a distinguished philosophy of mind, can be understood as the development of philosophical position that is centered around his conception of Humean supervenience. If we accept the thesis that it is physical science and not philosophical reasoning that will eventually arrive at the basic constituents of all matter pertaining to our world, then Humean supervenience is the assumption that all truths about our world will supervene on the class of physical truths in the following sense: There are no truths in any compartment of our world that cannot be accounted for in terms of differences and similarities among those properties and external space-time relations that are fundamental to our world according to physical science.

Explaining Emotions

Amélie Rorty
Explaining Emotions Book PDF

Author : Amélie Rorty
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 556 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1980-05-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780520039216

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Explaining Emotions by Amélie Rorty Pdf

The challenge of explaining the emotions has engaged the attention of the best minds in philosophy and science throughout history. Part of the fascination has been that the emotions resist classification. As adequate account therefore requires receptivity to knowledge from a variety of sources. The philosopher must inform himself of the relevant empirical investigation to arrive at a definition, and the scientist cannot afford to be naive about the assumptions built into his conceptual apparatus. The contributors to this volume have approached the problem of characterizing and classifying emotions from the perspectives of neurophysiology, psychology, and social psychology as well as that of philosophical psychology. They discuss the difficulties that arise in classifying the emotions, assessing their appropriateness and rationality, and determining their function in motivating moral action.

The Oxford Handbook of Causation

Helen Beebee,Christopher Hitchcock,Peter Menzies
The Oxford Handbook of Causation Book PDF

Author : Helen Beebee,Christopher Hitchcock,Peter Menzies
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2012-01-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191629457

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The Oxford Handbook of Causation by Helen Beebee,Christopher Hitchcock,Peter Menzies Pdf

Causation is a central topic in many areas of philosophy. In metaphysics, philosophers want to know what causation is, and how it is related to laws of nature, probability, action, and freedom of the will. In epistemology, philosophers investigate how causal claims can be inferred from statistical data, and how causation is related to perception, knowledge and explanation. In the philosophy of mind, philosophers want to know whether and how the mind can be said to have causal efficacy, and in ethics, whether there is a moral distinction between acts and omissions and whether the moral value of an act can be judged according to its consequences. And causation is a contested concept in other fields of enquiry, such as biology, physics, and the law. This book provides an in-depth and comprehensive overview of these and other topics, as well as the history of the causation debate from the ancient Greeks to the logical empiricists. The chapters provide surveys of contemporary debates, while often also advancing novel and controversial claims; and each includes a comprehensive bibliography and suggestions for further reading. The book is thus the most comprehensive source of information about causation currently available, and will be invaluable for upper-level undergraduates through to professional philosophers.

Causal Case Study Methods

Derek Beach,Rasmus Brun Pedersen
Causal Case Study Methods Book PDF

Author : Derek Beach,Rasmus Brun Pedersen
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2016-07-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780472053223

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Causal Case Study Methods by Derek Beach,Rasmus Brun Pedersen Pdf

An introduction to causal case study methods, complete with step-by-step guidelines and examples

Actual Causality

Joseph Y. Halpern
Actual Causality Book PDF

Author : Joseph Y. Halpern
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2019-02-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262537131

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Actual Causality by Joseph Y. Halpern Pdf

A new approach for defining causality and such related notions as degree of responsibility, degrees of blame, and causal explanation. Causality plays a central role in the way people structure the world; we constantly seek causal explanations for our observations. But what does it even mean that an event C “actually caused” event E? The problem of defining actual causation goes beyond mere philosophical speculation. For example, in many legal arguments, it is precisely what needs to be established in order to determine responsibility. The philosophy literature has been struggling with the problem of defining causality since Hume. In this book, Joseph Halpern explores actual causality, and such related notions as degree of responsibility, degree of blame, and causal explanation. The goal is to arrive at a definition of causality that matches our natural language usage and is helpful, for example, to a jury deciding a legal case, a programmer looking for the line of code that cause some software to fail, or an economist trying to determine whether austerity caused a subsequent depression. Halpern applies and expands an approach to causality that he and Judea Pearl developed, based on structural equations. He carefully formulates a definition of causality, and building on this, defines degree of responsibility, degree of blame, and causal explanation. He concludes by discussing how these ideas can be applied to such practical problems as accountability and program verification. Technical details are generally confined to the final section of each chapter and can be skipped by non-mathematical readers.