Changing Assessments

Author : Bernard R. Gifford,Mary Catherine O'Connor
Publisher : Springer
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015021564680

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Changing Assessments by Bernard R. Gifford,Mary Catherine O'Connor Pdf

Bernard R. Gifford As we edge toward the year 2000, the information age is a reality; the global marketplace is increasingly competitive; and the U.S. labor force is shrinking. Today more than ever, our nation's economic and social well-being hinges on our ability to tap our human resources-to identify talent, to nurture it, and to assess abilities and disabilities in ways that help every individual reach his or her full potential. In pursuing that goal, decision-makers in education, industry, and government are relying increasingly on standardized tests: sets of question- with identical directions, time limits and tasks for all test-takers-designed to permit an inference about what someone knows or can do in a particular area. CALIBRATING DIFFERENCE Our emphasis on standardized testing rests on a premise that is so basic it often escapes notice: that we humans are different from each other in ways that are both meaningful and measurable. We differ in terms of cognitive ability; aptitude for performing different kinds of mental and physical tasks; temperament; and interests. But somehow, without sufficient examination, we have taken a great collective leap from that commonplace to the notion that there are precise, measurable gradations of innate ability that can be used to direct children to the right classrooms, and adults to the right job slots.

Author : Bernard R. Gifford,Mary Catherine O'Connor
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789401129688

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Changing Assessments by Bernard R. Gifford,Mary Catherine O'Connor Pdf

Bernard R. Gifford As we edge toward the year 2000, the information age is a reality; the global marketplace is increasingly competitive; and the U.S. labor force is shrinking. Today more than ever, our nation's economic and social well-being hinges on our ability to tap our human resources-to identify talent, to nurture it, and to assess abilities and disabilities in ways that help every individual reach his or her full potential. In pursuing that goal, decision-makers in education, industry, and government are relying increasingly on standardized tests: sets of question- with identical directions, time limits and tasks for all test-takers-designed to permit an inference about what someone knows or can do in a particular area. CALIBRATING DIFFERENCE Our emphasis on standardized testing rests on a premise that is so basic it often escapes notice: that we humans are different from each other in ways that are both meaningful and measurable. We differ in terms of cognitive ability; aptitude for performing different kinds of mental and physical tasks; temperament; and interests. But somehow, without sufficient examination, we have taken a great collective leap from that commonplace to the notion that there are precise, measurable gradations of innate ability that can be used to direct children to the right classrooms, and adults to the right job slots.

Author : Sahbi Hidri
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2020-04-08
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783030422691

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Changing Language Assessment by Sahbi Hidri Pdf

This edited book brings together fifteen original empirical studies from a variety of international contexts to provide a detailed exploration of language assessment, testing and evaluation. Language assessment has a key role in the development and implementation of language and educational policies at the national level, and this book examines some of the impacts - both positive and negative - of different skills testing and examination approaches on learning outcomes and individual students' language learning. This book will be of interest to scholars working in applied linguistics and language education, teacher training, testing and evaluation, as well as stakeholders such as practitioners, educators, educational agencies, and test developers.

Author : Patricia Broadfoot,Roger Murphy,Harry Torrance
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2012-05-04
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781136670312

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Changing Educational Assessment by Patricia Broadfoot,Roger Murphy,Harry Torrance Pdf

Assessment is a key area of interest and debate in education. Its increased use by governments as a powerful means of influencing educational practice are now features of the educational scene worldwide. This volume was the first major international review of such developments and it explores the impact of assessment on all areas of education, from teaching skills to policy-making. The contributors take a global perspective to spotlight the common problems facing teachers and students, policy-makers and politicians through the world as they seek to reconcile issues of equity and national development, educational imperatives and finite state resources. The contributions discuss the changing role of assessment and public examinations, and consider such specific issues as the development of a market economy in educational provision, the difficulties of measuring standards in international studies, and accreditation of absolute rather than relative competencies.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Analysis of Global Change Assessments
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2007-10-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309104852

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Analysis of Global Change Assessments by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Analysis of Global Change Assessments Pdf

Global change assessments inform decision makers about the scientific underpinnings of a range of environmental issues, such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, and loss of biodiversity. Dozens of assessments have been conducted to date by various U.S. and international groups, many of them influencing public policies, technology development, and research directions. This report analyzes strengths and weaknesses of eight past assessments to inform future efforts. Common elements of effective assessments include strong leadership, extensive engagement with interested and affected parties, a transparent science-policy interface, and well defined communication strategies. The report identifies 11 essential elements of effective assessments and recommends that future assessments include decision support tools that make use of information at the regional and local level where decisions are made.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-07
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9789240036383

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Climate change and health vulnerability and adaptation assessment by Anonim Pdf

Author : Ron Ritchhart
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2015-02-23
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781118974629

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Creating Cultures of Thinking by Ron Ritchhart Pdf

Discover why and how schools must become places where thinkingis valued, visible, and actively promoted As educators, parents, and citizens, we must settle for nothingless than environments that bring out the best in people, takelearning to the next level, allow for great discoveries, and propelboth the individual and the group forward into a lifetime oflearning. This is something all teachers want and all studentsdeserve. In Creating Cultures of Thinking: The 8 Forces We MustMaster to Truly Transform Our Schools, Ron Ritchhart, author ofMaking Thinking Visible, explains how creating a culture ofthinking is more important to learning than any particularcurriculum and he outlines how any school or teacher can accomplishthis by leveraging 8 cultural forces: expectations, language, time,modeling, opportunities, routines, interactions, andenvironment. With the techniques and rich classroom vignettes throughout thisbook, Ritchhart shows that creating a culture of thinking is notabout just adhering to a particular set of practices or a generalexpectation that people should be involved in thinking. A cultureof thinking produces the feelings, energy, and even joy that canpropel learning forward and motivate us to do what at times can behard and challenging mental work.

Author : Mike Hulme
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2022-12-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781009085328

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A Critical Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change by Mike Hulme Pdf

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has become a hugely influential institution. It is the authoritative voice on the science on climate change, and an exemplar of an intergovernmental science-policy interface. This book introduces the IPCC as an institution, covering its origins, history, processes, participants, products, and influence. Discussing its internal workings and operating principles, it shows how IPCC assessments are produced and how consensus is reached between scientific and policy experts from different institutions, countries, and social groups. A variety of practices and discourses – epistemic, diplomatic, procedural, communicative – that make the institution function are critically assessed, allowing the reader to learn from its successes and failures. This volume is the go-to reference for researchers studying or active within the IPCC, as well as invaluable for students concerned with global environmental problems and climate governance. This title is also available as Open Access via Cambridge Core.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 101 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2016-11-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309445511

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Characterizing Risk in Climate Change Assessments by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society Pdf

The U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) was established in 1990 to "assist the Nation and the world to understand, assess, predict, and respond to human-induced and natural processes of global change."1 A key responsibility for the program is to conduct National Climate Assessments (NCAs) every 4 years.2 These assessments are intended to inform the nation about "observed changes in climate, the current status of the climate, and anticipated trends for the future." The USGCRP hopes that government entities from federal agencies to small municipalities, citizens, communities, and businesses will rely on these assessments of climate- related risks for planning and decision-making. The third NCA (NCA3) was published in 2014 and work on the fourth is beginning. The USGCRP asked the Board on Environmental Change and Society of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a workshop to explore ways to frame the NCA4 and subsequent NCA reports in terms of risks to society. The workshop was intended to collect experienced views on how to characterize and communicate information about climate-related hazards, risks, and opportunities that will support decision makers in their efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reduce vulnerability to likely changes in climate, and increase resilience to those changes. Characterizing Risk in Climate Change Assessments summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Integrated Regional Assessment of Global Climate Change by Anonim Pdf

Author : Comte, A.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 79 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2021-05-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251343746

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Recent advances in climate change vulnerability/risk assessments in the fisheries and aquaculture sector by Comte, A. Pdf

Vulnerability and risk assessment is an important tool that has been used in the fisheries and aquaculture sector to assess the current and potential consequences of climate change in a variety of geographical, environmental and socio-economic contexts and scales. The resulting information on risks and vulnerabilities can then feed decision-making on adaptation, including allocation of resources and prioritization of areas for action. However, there is no harmonized approach nor methodology to conduct vulnerability and risk assessments. This publication seeks to analyze the different existing methodologies in order to contribute to laying the basis of a consistent approach to design future climate vulnerability and risk assessments in the fisheries and aquaculture sector. The publication builds on the findings outlined in the FAO Technical Papers No. 597 “Assessing climate change vulnerability in fisheries and aquaculture - Available methodologies and their relevance for the sector” and No. 627 “Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture - Synthesis of current knowledge, adaptation and mitigation options” and explores the recent advances in approaches of vulnerability and risk assessments, and the methodological developments to conduct such assessments.

Author : Chris J. R. Roche
Publisher : Oxfam
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 085598418X

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Impact Assessment for Development Agencies by Chris J. R. Roche Pdf

This book considers the process of impact assessment and shows how and why it needs to be integrated into all stages of development programmes. In-depth case studies are included and show a variety of approaches.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee to Review the U.S. Climate Change Science Program's Synthesis and Assessment Product 3.3
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2007-07-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309110044

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Review of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program's Synthesis and Assessment Product 3.3, "Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate" by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee to Review the U.S. Climate Change Science Program's Synthesis and Assessment Product 3.3 Pdf

This National Research Council (NRC) report reviews a draft of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) Synthesis and Assessment Product 3.3, Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate, the 3rd in a series of 21 CCSP products addressing important topics related to climate change. The NRC report finds that the draft provides a good and thorough assessment of the important issues regarding extreme events over North America and how they may change in the context of a changing climate. The continuity and cohesion among the chapters could be improved by greater coordination among the chapter authorship teams, who should also ensure that the tone and scope of the chapters are consistent with the document's Abstract and Executive Summary. The authors should strive to consolidate the sections on tropical cyclones; however, the discussion of drought and ecological impacts could be expanded. Overall, the committee finds that the scope, content, and scientific rigor of the current draft provide a solid basis for the final version of Synthesis and Assessment Product 3.3.

Author : Markus Quante,Franciscus Colijn
Publisher : Springer
Page : 528 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016-08-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319397450

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North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment by Markus Quante,Franciscus Colijn Pdf

This book offers an up-to-date review of our current understanding of climate change in the North Sea and adjacent areas, as well as its impact on ecosystems and socio-economic sectors. It provides a detailed assessment of climate change based on published scientific work compiled by independent international experts from climate-related disciplines such as oceanography, atmospheric sciences, marine and terrestrial ecology, using a regional evaluation and review process similar to that of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of our changing climate, discussing a wide range of topics including past, current and future climate change, and climate-related changes in marine, terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. It also explores the impact of climate change on socio-economic sectors such as fisheries, agriculture, coastal zone management, coastal protection, urban climate, recreation/tourism, offshore activities/energy, and air pollution.

Author : Antonio Navarra,Laurence Tubiana
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2013-02-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400757813

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Regional Assessment of Climate Change in the Mediterranean by Antonio Navarra,Laurence Tubiana Pdf

Volume 1 of a three-volume final report describes, synthesizes and analyzes the results of the four-year Integrated Research Project CIRCE – Climate Change and Impact Research: Mediterranean Environment, funded by the EU 6th Framework Programme. Conducted under the auspices of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Rome, Italy, CIRCE was designed to predict and to quantify the physical impacts of climate change in the Mediterranean, and to assess the most influential consequences for the region’s population. This volume incorporates the first two parts of the report, reviewing current knowledge of observed climate variability and trends in the Mediterranean, and including descriptions of available temperature and precipitation station and gridded data sets.