Chemistry Pharmacy And Revolution In France 1777 1809

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Chemistry, Pharmacy and Revolution in France, 1777-1809

Jonathan Simon
Chemistry Pharmacy and Revolution in France 1777 1809 Book PDF

Author : Jonathan Simon
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2016-04-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317168072

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Chemistry, Pharmacy and Revolution in France, 1777-1809 by Jonathan Simon Pdf

This book explores the history of pharmacy in France and its relationship to the discipline of chemistry as it emerged at the beginning of the nineteenth century. It argues that an appreciation of the history of pharmacy is essential to a full understanding of the constitution of modern science, in particular the discipline of chemistry. As such, it provides a novel interpretation of the chemical revolution (c.1770-1789) that will, no doubt, generate much debate on the place of the chemical arts in this story, a question that has hitherto lacked sufficient scholarly reflection. Furthermore, the book situates this analysis within the broader context of the French Revolution, arguing that an intimate and direct link can be drawn between the political upheavals and our vision of the chemical revolution. The story of the chemical revolution has usually been told by focusing on the small group of French chemists who championed Lavoisier's oxygen theory, or else his opponents. Such a perspective emphasises competing theories and interpretations of critical experiments, but neglects the challenging issue of who could be understood as practising chemistry in the eighteenth century. In contrast, this study traces the tradition of pharmacy as a professional pursuit that relied on chemical techniques to prepare medicines, and shows how one of the central elements of the chemical revolution was the more or less conscious disassociation of the new chemistry from this ancient chemical art.

Taming Cannabis

David A. Guba Jr
Taming Cannabis Book PDF

Author : David A. Guba Jr
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9780228002567

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Taming Cannabis by David A. Guba Jr Pdf

Despite having the highest rates of cannabis use in the continent, France enforces the most repressive laws against the drug in all of Europe. Perhaps surprisingly, France was once the epicentre of a global movement to medicalize cannabis, specifically hashish, in the treatment of disease. In Taming Cannabis David Guba examines how nineteenth-century French authorities routinely blamed hashish consumption, especially among Muslim North Africans, for behaviour deemed violent and threatening to the social order. This association of hashish with violence became the primary impetus for French pharmacists and physicians to tame the drug and deploy it in the homeopathic treatment of mental illness and epidemic disease during the 1830s and 1840s. Initially heralded as a wonder drug capable of curing insanity, cholera, and the plague, hashish was deemed ineffective against these diseases and fell out of repute by the middle 1850s. The association between hashish and Muslim violence, however, remained and became codified in French colonial medicine and law by the 1860s: authorities framed hashish as a significant cause of mental illness, violence, and anti-state resistance among indigenous Algerians. As the French government looks to reform the nation's drug laws to address the rise in drug-related incarceration and the growing popular demand for cannabis legalization, Taming Cannabis provides a timely and fascinating exploration of the largely untold and living history of cannabis in colonial France.

The Historiography of the Chemical Revolution

John G McEvoy
The Historiography of the Chemical Revolution Book PDF

Author : John G McEvoy
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2015-10-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317324010

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The Historiography of the Chemical Revolution by John G McEvoy Pdf

This study offers a critical survey of past and present interpretations of the Chemical Revolution designed to lend clarity and direction to the current ferment of views.

Bodily Fluids, Chemistry and Medicine in the Eighteenth-Century Boerhaave School

Ruben E. Verwaal
Bodily Fluids Chemistry and Medicine in the Eighteenth Century Boerhaave School Book PDF

Author : Ruben E. Verwaal
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030515416

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Bodily Fluids, Chemistry and Medicine in the Eighteenth-Century Boerhaave School by Ruben E. Verwaal Pdf

This book explores the importance of bodily fluids to the development of medical knowledge in the eighteenth century. While the historiography has focused on the role of anatomy, this study shows that the chemical analyses of bodily fluids in the Dutch Republic radically altered perceptions of the body, propelling forwards a new system of medicine. It examines the new research methods and scientific instruments available at the turn of the eighteenth century that allowed for these developments, taken forward by Herman Boerhaave and his students. Each chapter focuses on a different bodily fluid – saliva, blood, urine, milk, sweat, semen – to investigate how doctors gained new insights into physiological processes through chemical experimentation on these bodily fluids. The book reveals how physicians moved from a humoral theory of medicine to new chemical and mechanical models for understanding the body in the early modern period. In doing so, it uncovers the lives and works of an important group of scientists which grew to become a European-wide community of physicians and chemists.

The Arsenal of Eighteenth-Century Chemistry

Marco Beretta,Paolo Brenni
The Arsenal of Eighteenth Century Chemistry Book PDF

Author : Marco Beretta,Paolo Brenni
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 469 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2022-06-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789004511217

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The Arsenal of Eighteenth-Century Chemistry by Marco Beretta,Paolo Brenni Pdf

The first complete and detailed catalogue of Lavoisier’s collection of instruments preserved at the Musée des Arts et Métiers in Paris. The story of the collection is carefully reconstructed and its instruments (all illustrated) are described in detail.

Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution

Victor D. Boantza
Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution Book PDF

Author : Victor D. Boantza
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2016-05-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317099345

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Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution by Victor D. Boantza Pdf

The seventeenth-century scientific revolution and the eighteenth-century chemical revolution are rarely considered together, either in general histories of science or in more specific surveys of early modern science or chemistry. This tendency arises from the long-held view that the rise of modern physics and the emergence of modern chemistry comprise two distinct and unconnected episodes in the history of science. Although chemistry was deeply transformed during and between both revolutions, the scientific revolution is traditionally associated with the physical and mathematical sciences whereas modern chemistry is seen as the exclusive product of the chemical revolution. This historiographical tension, between similarity in ’form’ and disparity in historical ’content’ of the two events, has tainted the way we understand the rise of modern chemistry as an integral part of the advent of modern science. Against this background, Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution examines the role of and effects on chemistry of both revolutions in parallel, using chemistry during the chemical revolution to illuminate chemistry during the scientific revolution, and vice versa. Focusing on the crises and conflicts of early modern chemistry (and their retrospectively labeled ’losing’ parties), the author traces patterns of continuity in matter theory and experimental method from Boyle to Lavoisier, and reevaluates the disciplinary relationships between chemists, mechanists, and Newtonians in France, England, and Scotland. Adopting a unique approach to the study of the scientific and chemical revolutions, and to early modern chemical thought and practice in particular, the author challenges the standard revolution-centered history of early modern science, and reinterprets the rise of chemistry as an independent discipline in the long eighteenth century.

Compound Remedies

Paula S. DeVos
Compound Remedies Book PDF

Author : Paula S. DeVos
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780822987949

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Compound Remedies by Paula S. DeVos Pdf

Compound Remedies examines the equipment, books, and remedies of colonial Mexico City’s Herrera pharmacy—natural substances with known healing powers that formed part of the basis for modern-day healing traditions and home remedies in Mexico. Paula S. De Vos traces the evolution of the Galenic pharmaceutical tradition from its foundations in ancient Greece to the physician-philosophers of medieval Islamic empires and the Latin West and eventually through the Spanish Empire to Mexico, offering a global history of the transmission of these materials, knowledges, and techniques. Her detailed inventory of the Herrera pharmacy reveals the many layers of this tradition and how it developed over centuries, providing new perspectives and insight into the development of Western science and medicine: its varied origins, its engagement with and inclusion of multiple knowledge traditions, the ways in which these traditions moved and circulated in relation to imperialism, and its long-term continuities and dramatic transformations. De Vos ultimately reveals the great significance of pharmacy, and of artisanal pursuits more generally, as a cornerstone of ancient, medieval, and early modern epistemologies and philosophies of nature.

Pharmacopoeias, Drug Regulation, and Empires

Stuart Anderson
Pharmacopoeias Drug Regulation and Empires Book PDF

Author : Stuart Anderson
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9780228021599

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Pharmacopoeias, Drug Regulation, and Empires by Stuart Anderson Pdf

The word "pharmacopoeia" has come to have many meanings, although it is commonly understood to be a book describing approved compositions and standards for drugs. In 1813 the Royal College of Physicians of London considered a proposal to develop an imperial British pharmacopoeia – at a time when separate official pharmacopoeias existed for England, Scotland, and Ireland. A unified British pharmacopoeia was published in 1864, and by 1914 it was considered suitable for the whole Empire. Pharmacopoeias, Drug Regulation, and Empires traces the 350-year development of officially sanctioned pharmacopoeias across the British Empire, first from local to national pharmacopoeias, and later to a standardized pharmacopoeia that would apply throughout Britain’s imperial world. The evolution of British pharmacopoeias and the professionalization of medicine saw developments including a transition from Galenic principles to germ theory, and a shift from plant-based to chemical medicines. While other colonial powers in Europe usually imposed metropolitan pharmacopoeias across their colonies, Britain consulted with practitioners throughout its Empire. As the scope of the pharmacopoeia widened, the process of agreeing upon drug standardization became more complex and fraught. A wide range of issues was exposed, from bioprospecting and the inclusion of indigenous medicines in pharmacopoeias, to adulteration and demands for the substitution of pharmacopoeial drugs with locally available ones. Pharmacopoeias, Drug Regulation, and Empires uses the evolution of an imperial pharmacopoeia in Britain as a vehicle for exploring the hegemonic power of European colonial powers in the medical field, and the meaning of pharmacopoeia more broadly.

Materials in Eighteenth-century Science

Ursula Klein,Wolfgang Lefèvre
Materials in Eighteenth century Science Book PDF

Author : Ursula Klein,Wolfgang Lefèvre
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Chemistry
ISBN : 9780262113069

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Materials in Eighteenth-century Science by Ursula Klein,Wolfgang Lefèvre Pdf

In this history of materials, the authors link chemical science with chemical technology, challenging our current understandings of objects in the history of science and the distinction between scientific and technological objects. They further show that chemits' experimental production and understanding of materials changed over time, first in the decades around 1700 and then around 1830, when mundane materials became clearly distinguished from true chemical substances.

Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution

Dr Victor D Boantza
Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution Book PDF

Author : Dr Victor D Boantza
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-09-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472403988

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Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution by Dr Victor D Boantza Pdf

The seventeenth-century scientific revolution and the eighteenth-century chemical revolution are rarely considered together, either in general histories of science or in more specific surveys of early modern science or chemistry. This tendency arises from the long-held view that the rise of modern physics and the emergence of modern chemistry comprise two distinct and unconnected episodes in the history of science. Although chemistry was deeply transformed during and between both revolutions, the scientific revolution is traditionally associated with the physical and mathematical sciences whereas modern chemistry is seen as the exclusive product of the chemical revolution. This historiographical tension, between similarity in ‘form’ and disparity in historical ‘content’ of the two events, has tainted the way we understand the rise of modern chemistry as an integral part of the advent of modern science. Against this background, Matter and Method in the Long Chemical Revolution examines the role of and effects on chemistry of both revolutions in parallel, using chemistry during the chemical revolution to illuminate chemistry during the scientific revolution, and vice versa. Focusing on the crises and conflicts of early modern chemistry (and their retrospectively labeled ‘losing’ parties), the author traces patterns of continuity in matter theory and experimental method from Boyle to Lavoisier, and reevaluates the disciplinary relationships between chemists, mechanists, and Newtonians in France, England, and Scotland. Adopting a unique approach to the study of the scientific and chemical revolutions, and to early modern chemical thought and practice in particular, the author challenges the standard revolution-centered history of early modern science, and reinterprets the rise of chemistry as an independent discipline in the long eighteenth century.

Compound Histories

Anonim
Compound Histories Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2017-11-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789004325562

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Compound Histories by Anonim Pdf

Compound Histories: Materials, Governance and Production, 1760-1840 offers a new view of the period during which Europe took on its modern character and globally dominant position. By exploring the intertwined realms of production, governance and materials, it places chemists and chemistry at the center of processes most closely identified with the construction of the modern world. This includes the interactive intensification of material and knowledge production; the growth and management of consumption; environmental changes, regulation of materials, markets, landscapes and societies; and practices embodied in political economy. Rather than emphasize revolutionary breaks and the primacy of innovation-driven change, the volume highlights the continuities and accumulation of incremental changes that framed historical development. Contributors are: Robert G.W. Anderson, Bernadette Bensaude Vincent, José Ramón Bertomeu Sánchez, John R.R. Christie, Joppe van Driel, Frank A.J.L. James, Christine Lehman, Lissa L. Roberts, Thomas le Roux, Elena Serrano, Anna Simmons, Marie Thébaud-Sorger, Sacha Tomic, Andreas Weber, Simon Werrett.

A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century

Matthew Daniel Eddy,Ursula Klein
A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century Book PDF

Author : Matthew Daniel Eddy,Ursula Klein
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2023-12-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350251526

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A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century by Matthew Daniel Eddy,Ursula Klein Pdf

A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century covers the period from 1700 to 1815. Setting the progress of science and technology in its cultural context, the volume re-examines the changes that many have considered to constitute a "chemical revolution". Already boasting a laboratory culture open to both manufacturing and commerce, the discipline of chemistry now extended into academies and universities. Chemists studied myriad materials - derived from minerals, plants, and animals - and produced an increasing number of chemical substances such as acids, alkalis, and gases. New textbooks offered opportunities for classifying substances, rethinking old theories and elaborating new ones. By the end of the period – in Europe and across the globe - chemistry now embodied the promise of unifying practice and theory. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Chemistry presents the first comprehensive history from the Bronze Age to today, covering all forms and aspects of chemistry and its ever-changing social context. The themes covered in each volume are theory and concepts; practice and experiment; laboratories and technology; culture and science; society and environment; trade and industry; learning and institutions; art and representation. Matthew Daniel Eddy is Professor and Chair in the History and Philosophy of Science at Durham University, UK. Ursula Klein is Senior Research Scholar at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Germany. Volume 4 in the Cultural History of Chemistry set. General Editors: Peter J. T. Morris, University College London, UK, and Alan Rocke, Case Western Reserve University, USA.

The History of Chemistry

William Hodson Brock
The History of Chemistry Book PDF

Author : William Hodson Brock
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 169 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Chemistry
ISBN : 9780198716488

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The History of Chemistry by William Hodson Brock Pdf

On the nature of stuff -- The analysis of stuff -- Gases and atoms -- Types and hexagons -- Reactivity -- Synthesis.

Chemistry

Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent,Jonathan Simon
Chemistry Book PDF

Author : Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent,Jonathan Simon
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781848168114

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Chemistry by Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent,Jonathan Simon Pdf

Introduces the central issues in the philosophy of chemistry. Mobilizing the theme of impurity, this book explores the tradition of chemistry's negative image. It argues for the positive philosophical value of chemistry, reflecting its characteristic practical engagement with the material world.

A Brief History of Pharmacy

Bob Zebroski
A Brief History of Pharmacy Book PDF

Author : Bob Zebroski
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2015-08-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317413318

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A Brief History of Pharmacy by Bob Zebroski Pdf

Pharmacy has become an integral part of our lives. Nearly half of all 300 million Americans take at least one prescription drug daily, accounting for $250 billion per year in sales in the US alone. And this number doesn't even include the over-the-counter medications or health aids that are taken. How did this practice become such an essential part of our lives and our health? A Brief History of Pharmacy: Humanity's Search for Wellness aims to answer that question. As this short overview of the practice shows, the search for well-being through the ingestion or application of natural products and artificially derived compounds is as old as humanity itself. From the Mesopotamians to the corner drug store, Bob Zebroski describes how treatments were sought, highlights some of the main victories of each time period, and shows how we came to be people who rely on drugs to feel better, to live longer, and look younger. This accessible survey of pharmaceutical history is essential reading for all students of pharmacy.